Energy-Efficient Bus and Tram Networks: Innovations in Urban ‎Transit Solutions

  • Authors

    • Aakansha Soy Assistant Professor, Department of CS & IT, Kalinga University, Raipur, India
    • Ashu Nayak Assistant Professor, Department of CS & IT, Kalinga University, Raipur, India
    https://doi.org/10.14419/vtzxvp27

    Received date: May 2, 2025

    Accepted date: May 26, 2025

    Published date: July 8, 2025

  • Energy Efficiency; Low Carbon; Electric Buses; Regenerative Braking; Renewables; AI Optimization; Sustainability

  • Abstract

    Public transportation is a major source of energy usage; thus, it is crucial to transform bus/tram systems into low-carbon systems to achieve ‎the goal of sustainable cities. This paper aims to discuss various strategies that help improve the energy efficiency of PTs with reliability and ‎accessibility guarantees. Here, it looks at perpetual motion like electric and hybrid buses, environmentally friendly technologies like ‎regenerative braking systems, light-weight materials, and intelligent charging systems. Further, the use of renewable energy generation, such ‎as solar and wind, and the use of energy management systems is also explained. This paper also assesses operational tactics, including AI-based path finding, monitoring, and environmentally conscious driving to minimize energy loss. Refers to policy guidelines and government ‎support are emphasized, and examples of policy implementation include Shenzhen city in China and Freiburg city in Germany. Therefore, ‎the study supports and stresses the fact that energy-efficient transit networks are pivotal for attaining sustainability in urban regions. The ‎paper concludes with the practical steps various urban planners and policymakers can take to overcome such factors as high initial costs, ‎infrastructure improvements, and acceptance by the public to enhance the use of energy-efficient measures‎.

  • References

    1. Nawazish Ali, S. M., Ahmadi, S., Amani, A. M., & Jalili, M. (2024). Urban Integrated Sustainable Transportation Networks. Interconnected Modern Multi‐Energy Networks and Intelligent Transportation Systems: Towards a Green Economy and Sustainable Development, 59-91. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781394188789.ch4.
    2. Kumar, S., & Ramesh, C. (2024). Mechanical Component Design: A Comprehensive Guide to Theory and Practice. Association Journal of Interdisciplinary Technics in Engineering Mechanics, 2(2), 1-5.
    3. Rao, M. K. M., Bharadwaj, P. V. N. S., Vali, S. M., Mahesh, N., & Sai, T. T. (2021). Design of Clocked Hybrid (D/T) Flip-Flop Through Air Hole Paradigm Photonic Crystal. Journal of VLSI Circuits and Systems, 3(2), 21–33. https://doi.org/10.31838/jvcs/03.02.03.
    4. Haghighi, H., Bahmani, M., Yousefi Jourdeh, A., & Zamini, A. (2022). Effects of super nutrients on some growth and biochemical indices in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). International Journal of Aquatic Research and Environmental Studies, 2(2), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.70102/IJARES/V2I2/1.
    5. Dion, H., & Evans, M. (2024). Strategic frameworks for sustainability and corporate governance in healthcare facilities; approaches to energy-efficient hospital management. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 31(2), 353-390. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-04-2022-0219.
    6. Mansour, R. (2024). A Conceptual Framework for Team Personality Layout, Operational, and Visionary Management in Online Teams. Global Perspectives in Management, 2(4), 1-7.
    7. Firoozi, A. A., Firoozi, A. A., & Hejazi, F. (2024). Innovations in Wind Turbine Blade Engineering: Exploring Materials, Sustainability, and Market Dynamics. Sustainability, 16(19), 8564. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198564.
    8. Maria Selvi, S. P., & Balasubramanian, P. (2022). Impact of Plagiarism Checking on Research Scholars with Reference to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu. Indian Journal of Information Sources and Services, 12(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.51983/ijiss-2022.12.1.3037.
    9. Górka, A., Czerepicki, A., & Krukowicz, T. (2024). The Impact of Priority in Coordinated Traffic Lights on Tram Energy Consumption. Energies, 17(2), 520. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17020520.
    10. Yang, C., & Singh, S. S. B. (2024). User Experience in Information System Platforms: A Study on Learning Styles and Academic Challenges. Journal of Internet Services and Information Security, 14(4), 209-223. https://doi.org/10.58346/JISIS.2024.I4.012.
    11. Ashkezari, L. S., Kaleybar, H. J., & Brenna, M. (2024). Electric Bus Charging Infrastructures: Technologies, Standards, and Configurations. IEEE Access.
    12. Reginald, P. J. (2025). Design of an Intelligent V2G Energy Management System with Battery-Aware Bidirectional Converter Control. National Journal of Intelligent Power Systems and Technology, 1(1), 12-20.
    13. Li, Y., Lin, H., & Jin, J. (2024). Decision-making for sustainable urban transportation: A statistical exploration of innovative mobility solutions and reduced emissions. Sustainable Cities and Society, 102, 105219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105219.
    14. Kumar, M., & Sharma, S. (2024). Renewable Energy and Sustainable Transportation. In Role of Science and Technology for Sustainable Future: Volume 1: Sustainable Development: A Primary Goal (pp. 375-414). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-0710-2_22.
    15. Meshram, K. (2024). Urban Transportation Systems: Sustainability and Future Development. John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781394228416.
    16. Miraftabzadeh, S. M., Ranjgar, B., Niccolai, A., & Longo, M. (2024). Comparative Analysis of Sustainable Electrification in Mediterranean Public Transportation. Sustainability, 16(7), 2645. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16072645.
    17. Singh, I. (2024). Braking Systems in Electric Motors. Pencil.
    18. Kavitha, M. (2023). Beamforming techniques for optimizing massive MIMO and spatial multiplexing. National Journal of RF Engineering and Wireless Communication, 1(1), 30-38.
    19. Muyanja, A., Nabende, P., Okunzi, J., & Kagarura, M. (2025). Metamaterials for revolutionizing modern applications and metasurfaces. Progress in Electronics and Communication Engineering, 2(2), 21–30.
    20. Wilamowski, G. J. (2025). Embedded system architectures optimization for high-performance edge computing. SCCTS Journal of Embedded Systems Design and Applications, 2(2), 47–55.
    21. B. Avireni, Y. Chu, E. Kepros, M. Ettorre and P. Chahal, "RFID based Vehicular Positioning System for Safe Driving Under Adverse Weather Conditions," 2023 IEEE 73rd Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC), Orlando, FL, USA, 2023, pp. 2196-2200, https://doi.org/10.1109/ECTC51909.2023.00380.
    22. Hemavathy, K., & Thalapathiraj, S. (2025). On certain fixed point theorems for F-contractions in 2-metric spaces and their application. Results in Nonlinear Analysis, 8(1), 1-12.

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Soy , A. ., & Nayak , A. . (2025). Energy-Efficient Bus and Tram Networks: Innovations in Urban ‎Transit Solutions. International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 14(SI-1), 26-29. https://doi.org/10.14419/vtzxvp27