Submissions

Author Guidelines

1. Online Submission

• Manuscripts must be submitted in English in Microsoft Word (.doc or .docx) format via the journal’s online submission system.

• The submitting author will receive an acknowledgment of receipt.

• Manuscripts submitted in other formats or languages may be returned without review.

2. Terms of Submission

• Manuscripts must be original, unpublished, and not under consideration elsewhere (except abstracts, theses, or conference proceedings with disclosure).

• Submission signifies that all co-authors have approved the manuscript and consented to its submission.

• Submissions must obtain any necessary institutional approval.

• The editorial office’s acknowledgment establishes the official receipt date.

• Authors permit editing for clarity and consistency but must approve final proofs before publication.

3. Peer Review

• All manuscripts undergo double-blind peer review (authors and reviewers remain anonymous).

• Reviewers are given 4–8 weeks to submit their reports; extensions may be granted in special circumstances.

• Decisions will be made by editors based on reviewer recommendations and editorial judgment.

4. Title & Authorship

Each manuscript must include:

• Title of the article

• Full names of authors

• Institutional affiliations (department, university, country)

• Corresponding author’s email address

• ORCID iDs are strongly recommended

5. Abstract & Keywords

• Include an abstract of up to 200 words. It must be self-contained (no citations), and summarize objectives, methods, results, and conclusions.

• For research/clinical papers, a structured abstract (Background, Methods, Results, Conclusion) may be used (up to 250 words).

• Provide at least five keywords (in alphabetical order) below the abstract.

6. Ethical Approval / Human & Animal Subjects

• Research involving human or animal subjects must include a statement of ethical approval from an institutional review board or ethics committee, and informed consent.

• Describe protocols, consent procedures, and confidentiality.

• Declare any potential ethical risks or hazards.

7. Author Contributions / Conflicts of Interest

• Include a statement of author contributions (e.g. using CRediT roles) indicating what each author did.

• Disclose all financial, personal, or institutional conflicts of interest and funding sources.

8. Data & Supplementary Materials

• Authors are encouraged (or may be required) to deposit raw data, code, or supplementary materials in a public repository and provide links.

• The editor may request the original data for verification during review.

9. Use of AI & Preprint Policy

• If generative AI tools (e.g., ChatGPT) are used in manuscript preparation, authors must transparently declare how they were used (e.g. in drafting, formatting) and ensure no breach of originality.

• Manuscripts posted on preprint servers are acceptable provided the preprint is disclosed at submission.

10. Language, Style & Formatting

• Use clear, concise English. Manuscripts with poor language will be returned without review.

• Use Times New Roman, 12 pt for main text, double-spaced.

• Structure sections as: Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusions, Acknowledgments, References.

• Subsections numbered (1, 1.1, 1.2, etc.).

• Define symbols and notation once; reuse them with cross-references (e.g. “as in Eq. 1”).

11. Figures, Tables & Equations

• Place figures, tables, and their descriptions close to their citations.

• Use high-resolution graphics (preferably vector formats or quality > 300 dpi).

• Caption figures as “Fig. 1 …” (below) and tables as “Table 1 …” (above).

• Number sequentially in order of appearance.

• Avoid importing low-quality images; use consistent software-generated graphics.

12. References

• Use numbered citations in square brackets in the order they appear (e.g. [1], [2,5]).

• List all authors; if >6, list first 3 plus “et al.”

• Provide complete reference info: authors, article title, journal, year, volume, issue, pages, DOI/URL (if online).

• Only include references cited in the text.

13. Proofs & Corrections

• Authors will receive proofs and must return corrections within 2–3 days.

• Major textual changes are discouraged at proof stage; if extensive changes occur, costs may be borne by authors.

• Corrections after publication are handled via formal errata, corrigenda, or retractions as needed.