Enhancing Immunization Education for Future Pharmacists Amid The Evolving Global Community Pharmacy Landscape
-
https://doi.org/10.14419/98dzht89
Received date: July 25, 2025
Accepted date: July 30, 2025
Published date: November 1, 2025
-
Curriculum Development; Educational Interventions; Pharmacists' Role; Practical Training; Public Health; Vaccine Education -
Abstract
In the past decade, the role of community pharmacists has significantly expanded, particularly in developed countries, to support public immunization due to their accessibility and widespread availability. Pharmacists are now actively involved in vaccination recommendation, counseling, and administration, having previously only been involved in vaccine procurement, storage, and dispensing. This change, backed by favorable public health results, has led legislators throughout the world to let pharmacists participate in vaccination campaigns. Pharmacists in some community pharmacies in Abu Dhabi and Dubai have begun giving COVID-19 and flu shots in the United Arab Emirates since August 2022. It is anticipated that this move will improve accessibility and vaccination coverage rates, and future regulatory developments will probably include a wider variety of vaccinations in community pharmacies. This research aims to assess pharmacy students' attitudes, immunization knowledge, and preparedness for vaccination tasks to identify potential curriculum gaps along with educational interventions required for their expanding responsibilities. A structured, anonymous survey was made with Google Forms and distributed via email to third-, fourth-, and fifth-year pharmacy students. The questionnaire's five primary themes were demographic data, vaccination knowledge, attitudes and beliefs, preparedness for vaccine-related skills, and recommendations for education. Vaccine knowledge was assessed using a scoring method, whereas attitudes, preparedness, and educational needs were assessed using a five-point Likert scale. The questionnaire underwent a pilot study and expert validation before full implementation. The information was gathered in March 2023 and analyzed using SPSS (version 23.0). The training of pharmacists must change to keep up with the ongoing worldwide evolution of pharmacy practice. Most students (94.9%) believed pharmacist-administered vaccines improve access, and 87.1% supported their role. While confidence in vaccine counseling (84.6%) and public health participation (84.5%) was high, only 61% felt prepared to explain vaccine mechanisms. This research will help identify current educational gaps and inform necessary curriculum modifications to better equip future pharmacists for immunization services. By integrating vaccine administration training into pharmacy education, students can develop the necessary skills and confidence to effectively promote, counsel, and administer vaccines in their communities.
-
References
- Luthin, D. R., King, S. R., Wensel, T. M., Rosser, A. N., & Monk-Tutor, M. R. (2011). Relationship between pharmacy students' knowledge about, attitudes toward, and intention to provide pharmacy-based immunization services. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning, 3(3), 171-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2011.04.007.
- Dewangan, H., & Dewangan, T. (2024). Sophisticated Design and Integrative Modeling of Sustainable Environmental Practices in Contemporary Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Industries. Natural and Engineering Sciences, 9(2), 395-406. https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.1575486.
- Saidu, Y., Gu, J., Ngenge, B. M., Nchinjoh, S. C., Adidja, A., Nnang, N. E., ... & Clemens, R. (2023). The faces behind vaccination: unpacking the attitudes, knowledge, and practices of staff of Cameroon’s Expanded program on Immunization. Human Resources for Health, 21(1), 88. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-023-00869-7.
- Baggyalakshmi, N., Anubarathi, M., & Revathi, R. (2023). Pharmacy Management System. International Academic Journal of Innovative Re-search, 10(2), 36–55. https://doi.org/10.9756/IAJIR/V10I2/IAJIR1008.
- Tomboloni, C., Tersigni, C., De Martino, M., Dini, D., González-López, J. R., Festini, F., ... & Ciofi, D. (2019). Knowledge, attitude and disinfor-mation regarding vaccination and immunization practices among healthcare workers of a third-level paediatric hospital. Italian journal of pediat-rics, 45(1), 104. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-019-0684-0.
- Yadav, N., & Chawla, N. (2025). Smart Buildings Structural Health Monitoring Using Sensor Networks and Machine Learning Algo-rithms. International Academic Journal of Science and Engineering, 12(3), 34–38. https://doi.org/10.71086/IAJSE/V12I3/IAJSE1222.
- Godongwana, M., Myburgh, N., Adedini, S. A., Cutland, C., & Radebe, N. (2021). Knowledge and attitudes towards maternal immunization: per-spectives from pregnant and non-pregnant mothers, their partners, mothers, healthcare providers, community and leaders in a selected urban setting in South Africa. Heliyon, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05926.
- Rao, I., & Saxena, M. (2025). Exploring the Connections of the Mental Health and Sustainability. International Journal of SDG’s Prospects and Breakthroughs, 3(1), 8-14.
- Çam, C., Kılınç, A., Ünsal, A., Arslantaş, D., & Öztürk Emiral, G. (2020). Evaluation of Vaccination Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices and Health Literacy Levels of Adults. European Journal of Public Health, 30(Supplement_5), ckaa166-1452. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.1452.
- Mehra, P., & Patel, K. (2024). A Metrics Driven Approach to Brand Management and Brand Health Check. In Brand Management Metrics (pp. 31-47). Periodic Series in Multidisciplinary Studies.
- Jelly, P., Jeenwal, N., Wadhwa, N., Kumari, N., Kumari, P., Mathur, P., ... & Sharma, R. (2023). Knowledge, Attitude, compliance and barriers of immunization among Parents’ of under-five children. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 19, 100608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2023.100608.
- Malhotra, A., & Joshi, S. (2025). Exploring the Intersection of Demographic Change and Healthcare Utilization: An Examination of Age-Specific Healthcare Needs and Service Provision. Progression Journal of Human Demography and Anthropology, 8-14.
- Upadhyay, D. K., Manirajan, Y., Iqbal, M. Z., Paliwal, N., & Pandey, S. (2020). A survey on medical, dental, and pharmacy students' knowledge, attitude, and practice about hepatitis B infection in a private medical University of Malaysia. Journal of research in pharmacy practice, 9(3), 128-134. https://doi.org/10.4103/jrpp.JRPP_20_8.
- Hasan, M. M., Gopinath, M., Ganesan, A., Khamitdkhanovich, N. A., Harita, U., & Sehgal, D. R. (2025). Blockchain for Audit Trails in Research Information Management Systems. Indian Journal of Information Sources and Services, 15(2), 218–223. https://doi.org/10.51983/ijiss-2025.IJISS.15.2.29
- Bain, K. T., & Cullison, M. A. (2009). Deficiencies in immunization education and training in pharmacy schools: a call to action. American journal of pharmaceutical education, 73(6), 110. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9459(24)00118-9
- Cvjetkovic, S. J., Jeremic, V. L., & Tiosavljevic, D. V. (2017). Knowledge and attitudes toward vaccination: A survey of Serbian students. Journal of infection and public health, 10(5), 649-656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2017.05.008.
- Choucair, K., El Sawda, J., Assaad, S., El Chakhtoura, N. G., Hassouna, H., Sidani, N., ... & Kanafani, Z. A. (2021). Knowledge, perception, atti-tudes and behavior on influenza immunization and the determinants of vaccination. Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health, 11(1), 34-41. https://doi.org/10.2991/jegh.k.200906.001.
- Vonasek, B. J., Bajunirwe, F., Jacobson, L. E., Twesigye, L., Dahm, J., Grant, M. J., ... & Conway, J. H. (2016). Do maternal knowledge and atti-tudes towards childhood immunizations in rural Uganda correlate with complete childhood vaccination?. PloS one, 11(2), e0150131. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0150131.
- Bach, A. T., & Goad, J. A. (2015). The role of community pharmacy-based vaccination in the USA: current practice and future direc-tions. Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice, 67-77. https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S63822.
- Gust, D. A., Strine, T. W., Maurice, E., Smith, P., Yusuf, H., Wilkinson, M., ... & Schwartz, B. (2004). Underimmunization among children: effects of vaccine safety concerns on immunization status. Pediatrics, 114(1), e16-e22. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.114.1.e16.
- Powell-Jackson, T., Fabbri, C., Dutt, V., Tougher, S., & Singh, K. (2018). Effect and cost-effectiveness of educating mothers about childhood DPT vaccination on immunisation uptake, knowledge, and perceptions in Uttar Pradesh, India: A randomised controlled trial. PLoS medicine, 15(3), e1002519. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002519.
- Gkentzi, D., Benetatou, E., Karatza, A., Marangos, M., Varvarigou, A., & Dimitriou, G. (2021). Knowledge and attitudes of school teachers on vaccination in Greece. Infection & Chemotherapy, 53(2), 364. https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2020.0153
- Weigel, M., Weitmann, K., Rautmann, C., Schmidt, J., Bruns, R., & Hoffmann, W. (2014). Impact of physicians’ attitude to vaccination on local vaccination coverage for pertussis and measles in Germany. The European Journal of Public Health, 24(6), 1009-1016. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cku013.
- Parizi, L., Dobrigkeit, J., & Wirth, K. (2025). Trends in software development for embedded systems in cyber-physical systems. SCCTS Journal of Embedded Systems Design and Applications, 2(1), 57–66.
-
Downloads
-
How to Cite
Sachdeva, M. ., Aburahma, M. ., Kamil, N. A. A. ., & Wong, P. N. . (2025). Enhancing Immunization Education for Future Pharmacists Amid The Evolving Global Community Pharmacy Landscape. International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 14(SI-1), 632-640. https://doi.org/10.14419/98dzht89
