Blockchain-Enabled Decentralized Water Management System (BD-WMS) for Sustainable Irrigation

  • Authors

    • Ashu Nayak Assistant Professor, Department of CS & IT, Kalinga University, Raipur, India
    • Kapesh Subhash Raghatate Research Scholar, Department of CS & IT, Kalinga University, Raipur, India
    • Gajendra Singh Negi Assistant Professor, New Delhi Institute of Management, New Delhi, India
    https://doi.org/10.14419/v9w5kj86

    Received date: May 2, 2025

    Accepted date: May 29, 2025

    Published date: October 31, 2025

  • Blockchain; Sustainable Irrigation; Smart Contracts; Internet of Things (IoT); Predictive Analytics; Water Conservation

  • Abstract

    The scarce resource in agriculture needs to be managed efficiently, and we are developing new solutions to meet our need to manage resource scarcity and to improve irrigation methods. This research proposes the blockchain-enabled Decentralized Water Management System (BD-WMS) based on Blockchain, Smart Contract, Internet of Things (IoT), and Artificial Intelligence (AI) for sustainable irrigation. On a real-time basis, and to see that the data collected is accurate, the BD-WMS is loaded with IoT sensors to measure the soil moisture, pH levels, and weather conditions. Firstly, it records the data in a ledger on blockchain to ensure that there is no corruption of data and that the data cannot be changed in any way. Using smart contracts, dynamic water requirements are complied with to autonomously control irrigation valves according to dynamic water requirements. I also put forth a Tokenized Water Conservation Incentive Model (TWCIM) that distributes blockchain-based tokens to the farmers in exchange for their adoption of water-saving practices that are convertible into a subsidy amount or can be spent on agricultural resources. An AI-powered predictive analytics module plays its part in the further development of the system efficiency, and it predicts the water demands based on the historical data and environmental conditions. In the greenhouse tomato, the studies show up to 40% water savings and about 25% increase in crop yield when compared to conventional water management. It offers a unique solution to the problems that occur in the traditional irrigation model owing to the decentralized control, along with the criteria of incentive-driven conservation. It was proposed as a scalable, secure, and efficient solution to support sustainable agriculture that optimizes efficient water governance and resource preservation.

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  • How to Cite

    Nayak, A. ., Raghatate , K. S. ., & Negi , G. S. . (2025). Blockchain-Enabled Decentralized Water Management System (BD-WMS) for Sustainable Irrigation. International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 14(SI-1), 344-351. https://doi.org/10.14419/v9w5kj86