Design and Development of Spiral Antenna at ISM Band for ‎WBAN Devices

  • Authors

    • Pavithra Balaji Department of ECE, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
    • R. Narmadha Department of ECE, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
    https://doi.org/10.14419/80m8xk96

    Received date: September 29, 2025

    Accepted date: November 19, 2025

    Published date: December 4, 2025

  • WBAN; ISM Band; Microstrip Patch Antenna; Gain; Wearable Devices‎.

  • Abstract

    The advancement in Body Area Network (BAN) was started in 1995 for the idea of combining Wireless Personal Area Network with Wire-‎less BAN which can be implemented to communicate near and around the human body. Initially, ISM (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical) ‎band has been allocated to industries, scientific research and medical field research, but later, it has been allowed to be used in applications ‎such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Cordless phone, etc. For the above-mentioned applications, the antennas such as helical antenna, microstrip or ‎dielectric patch antenna, etc., have been used. Since microstrip patch antenna are compact in size and weight, they have become dominant in ‎this field. The design of this antenna needs 36 × 28 mm³ sheet of FR-4 substrate material. The detuning impact caused by the movement and ‎posture of the body can be tolerated by a wide bandwidth of 400 MHz. The electromagnetic radiation effects on free space are investigated. ‎Radiation gain, VSWR and return loss are also measured for analyzing the antenna design and making the antenna a better component for ‎wearable devices‎.

  • References

    1. Vipin Gupta, Anupma, Mihir Narayan Mohanty “Design of Microstrip Antenna Structure for WBAN Devices at 2.45 GHz (ISM) Band” International Journal of Engineering & Technology, Vol.7 , Issue 4.39, Page No. 222-226, November 2018
    2. T. Sasikala, R. Arunchandar, M. A. Bhagyaveni, M.ShanmugaPriya “Design of Dual-Band Antenna for 2.45 and 5.8 GHz ISM Band” The National Academy of Sciences – Conference, Volume 3, Issue 42, Page No.221–226, October 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40009-018-0731-1.
    3. T.Shanmuganantham, S.Raghavan, “Design of a compact broadband microstrip patch antenna with probe feeding for wireless applications,” AEU: International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol.63, no.8, pp,653-659, 2009 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2008.05.009.
    4. S. Ashok Kumar and T. Shanmuganantham, “Design and Performance of Textile Antenna for Wearable Applications”, Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials, Springer, vol.19, no.5, pp.352-355, Oct. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42341-018-0052-6.
    5. C. Elavarasi, T. Shanmuganantham, “SRR Loaded Periwinkle Flower Shaped Fractal Antenna for Multiband Applications", Microwave and Optical Technology Letters (MOTL), John Wiley, vol.59, no.10, pp.2518-2525, Oct. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.30763.
    6. S. Ashok Kumar and T. Shanmuganantham, “A Wearable Type Embroidered Logo Antenna at ISM Band for Military Applications”, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters (MOTL), John Wiley, vol.59, no. 9,pp.2159-2163, Sept. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.30697.
    7. S. Ashok Kumar and T. Shanmuganantham, “Design of Clove Slot Antenna for Biomedical Applications”, Alexandria Engineering Journal, Elsevier, vol. 56, no.3, pp. 313-317, Sept. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2016.08.034.
    8. S. Ashok Kumar, M. Arun Raj, T. Shanmuganantham, “Analysis and Design of CPW Fed Antenna at ISM Band for Biomedical Applications”, Alexandria Engineering Journal, Elsevier, Feb. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2017.02.008.
    9. C. Elavarasi, T. Shanmuganantham, “CPW-Fed SGF - TSRR Antenna for Multiband Applications”, EUMA- International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, vol.9, no.9, pp.1871-1876, Nov. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1759078717000605.
    10. S. Ashok Kumar, T. Shanmuganantham, “Design and Development of Implantable CPW fed Monopole U Slot Antenna at 2.45 GHz ISM Band for Biomedical Applications” Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, John Wiley, vol. 57, no. 7, pp.1604-1608, July. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.29151.
    11. Yuan, X.; He, W.; Hong, K.; Han, C.; Chen, Z.; Yuan, T. "Ultra-wideband MIMO antenna system with high element-isolation for 5G smartphone application ", IEEE Access, vol.8, pp. 56281–56289, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2982036.
    12. T.Shanmuganantham, K.Balamanikandan, and S.Raghavan, “CPW-Fed Slot Antenna for Wideband Applications,” International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/379247.
    13. T.Shanmuganantham, S.Ashok Kumar, “Design and analysis of implantable CPW fed bowtie antenna for ISM band applications,” AEU: International Journal of Electronics and Communications,vol.68,no.2, pp.158-165,Feb-2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2013.08.003.
    14. S. Ashok Kumar, T. Shanmuganantham, “Implantable CPW-Fed Circular Slot Antennas for 2.45 GHz ISM Band Biomedical Applications”, Journal of Circuits, Systems, and Computers, vol. 24, pp.01-12, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218126615500140.
    15. S. Ashok Kumar, T. Shanmuganantham, “Analysis and Design of Implantable Z-Monopole Antennas at 2.45 GHz ISM Band for Biomedical Applications”, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters (MOTL), John Wiley, vol.57, no.2, pp. 468-473, Feb. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.28870.
    16. Zhang, Y., Li, H., & Chen, Z. (2022). Compact Dual-Band Antenna for WBAN Applications. IEEE Access.
    17. Li, X., Kumar, S., & Wang, J. (2023). SAR-Reduced Flexible Antenna for On-Body IoT Applications. Sensors.
    18. Kumar, V., Rao, P., & Singh, A. (2021). Metamaterial-Based Miniaturized Patch Antenna for Biomedical Systems. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.
    19. Ahmed, F., & Singh, R. (2024). 5G-Enabled WBAN Antenna for Healthcare IoT. IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation.

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Balaji, P., & Narmadha, R. (2025). Design and Development of Spiral Antenna at ISM Band for ‎WBAN Devices. International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 14(8), 128-135. https://doi.org/10.14419/80m8xk96