A Novel Methodology for Sustainable Agriculture: IoT-Driven‎Water Management and Crop Planning Using LoRaWAN

  • Authors

    • R. Senthil Kumar Dept. of CS with Cognitive Systems, Dr. N.G.P. Arts and Science College, Tamil Nadu, India
    • Selvanayaki Kolandapalayam Shanmugam Dept. of Mathematics and Computer Science, Ashland University, Ashland, Ohio, USA
    • J. Lokeshwari Dept. of CS with Cognitive Systems, Dr. N.G.P. Arts and Science College, Tamil Nadu, India
    https://doi.org/10.14419/zx5zws07

    Received date: September 25, 2025

    Accepted date: November 1, 2025

    Published date: November 23, 2025

  • Water Utilization; Irrigation; IoT; LoRaWAN; Agriculture

  • Abstract

    Efficient farming is an advanced and capital-based method of sustainable and clean food production. An IoT and AI-based system with the ‎application of LoRaWAN technology is proposed for efficient environmental monitoring in farming. The system incorporates IoT devices ‎installed in crop fields to provide real-time data visualization, monitoring, and control of key parameters such as temperature, humidity, soil ‎moisture, TDS, and water levels. These sensors are attached to ESP32 microcontrollers with LoRaWAN modules, transmitting data at 915 ‎MHz to ensure low-power, long-range communication. The system attains high accuracy (98.5%) when predicting water requirements, ‎addressing issues like overfitting that are common in standard approaches. Additionally, the system follows an integrated novel methodology-‎gy that includes Assessment of the water balance to improve crop planning, and IoT-based optimized irrigation scheduling executed through ‎a LoRaWAN-integrated cloud environment for data storage and visualization. Experimental results confirm the system's higher performance ‎in enhancing water distribution and prediction, resulting in an 8% increase in water use efficiency and a 15% reduction in crop water utilization issues. These results highlight the potential of IoT and LoRaWAN technology to advance water resource management and promote ‎sustainable agricultural practices in rural regions. The system also triggers warnings for low soil moisture, high TDS, and critically low ‎water levels, with sensor data transmitted via LoRaWAN every 120 seconds to provide farmers with real-time insights for improved decision-making‎.

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  • How to Cite

    Kumar, R. S. ., Kolandapalayam Shanmugam, S. ., & Lokeshwari, J. . (2025). A Novel Methodology for Sustainable Agriculture: IoT-Driven‎Water Management and Crop Planning Using LoRaWAN. International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 14(7), 497-507. https://doi.org/10.14419/zx5zws07