Evolution and Innovations of Occluder Devices: A Review of Traditional and Cutting-Edge ‎Technologies

  • Authors

    • Tahir Ishrak Khan Department of Product Performance Engineering and Post Market Clinical Follow-up, Meril Life Sciences, Vapi, Gujarat, India -396191
    • Siddheesh Rajpurohit Department of Product Performance Engineering and Post Market Clinical Follow-up, Meril Life Sciences, Vapi, Gujarat, India -396191
    • Rohidas Patil Department of Product Performance Engineering and Post Market Clinical Follow-up, Meril Life Sciences, Vapi, Gujarat, India -396191
    • Lalit Bajpayee Department of Product Performance Engineering and Post Market Clinical Follow-up, Meril Life Sciences, Vapi, Gujarat, India -396191
    • Bhavesh Uttam Patil Department of Product Performance Engineering and Post Market Clinical Follow-up, Meril Life Sciences, Vapi, Gujarat, India -396191
    • Vaishak Kumar Department of Product Performance Engineering and Post Market Clinical Follow-up, Meril Life Sciences, Vapi, Gujarat, India -396191
    • Vivek Krishnanand Dubey Department of Product Performance Engineering and Post Market Clinical Follow-up, Meril Life Sciences, Vapi, Gujarat, India -396191
    • Kiran Kumar Shetty Department of Product Performance Engineering and Post Market Clinical Follow-up, Meril Life Sciences, Vapi, Gujarat, India -396191
    https://doi.org/10.14419/4wm99607

    Received date: September 13, 2025

    Accepted date: October 29, 2025

    Published date: January 24, 2026

  • Biodegradable Occluder; Congenital Heart Defects; Occluder Devices; Structural Heart Disease

  • Abstract

    Congenital heart defects and structural cardiac abnormalities including atrial septal defect ‎‎(ASD), Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO), Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD), Patent Ductus ‎Arteriosus (PDA), and left atrial appendage anomalies represent a significant global health ‎burden, often requiring timely diagnosis and intervention to prevent long-term morbidity and ‎mortality. The development of transcatheter occlusion devices has transformed the treatment of ‎many disorders, providing less invasive, safer, and more effective alternatives to traditional ‎surgical procedures. This review delves into the historical progression and recent technological ‎advancements in occluder device design, materials, and deployment methods. It demonstrates ‎the transition from early metal-based devices, such as nitinol frameworks, to next-generation ‎biodegradable occluders made of polylactide, polydioxanone, and polycaprolactone. These ‎materials have excellent biocompatibility, facilitate tissue integration, and prevent the long-term ‎difficulties associated with permanent implants. Innovations such as 3D/4D printing, shape-‎memory polymers, and hybrid devices are pushing the development of safer and more patient-‎specific solutions. Despite positive preclinical and clinical results, there are still hurdles in ‎optimizing degradation rates, mechanical strength, and long-term effects. This study gives a ‎thorough assessment of current and emerging occlusion technologies, focusing on their potential ‎to improve procedural success, patient safety, and the future landscape of structural heart disease ‎treatment‎.

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    Khan, T. I. ., Rajpurohit, S. ., Patil, R. ., Bajpayee, L. ., Patil , B. U. ., Kumar, V. ., Dubey, V. K. ., & Shetty , K. K. . (2026). Evolution and Innovations of Occluder Devices: A Review of Traditional and Cutting-Edge ‎Technologies. International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 15(1), 124-135. https://doi.org/10.14419/4wm99607