Local Entrepreneurial Custom in ‎Naujan, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines

  • Authors

    • Dr. Mary Grace T. Mandane Assistant Professor, College of Accountancy, Business, Economics and International Hospitality ‎Management, Batangas State University-Pablo Borbon
    https://doi.org/10.14419/4phtnt61

    Received date: August 1, 2025

    Accepted date: September 11, 2025

    Published date: September 19, 2025

  • Entrepreneurial Customs; Desirability of Becoming Self-Employed; Entrepreneurial Intention; Entrepreneurial Motivation; Entrepreneur’s Attitude.

  • Abstract

    This study investigates the entrepreneurial customs of Naujan, Oriental Mindoro, with the primary objective ‎of proposing localized entrepreneurial programs aimed at enhancing individuals’ capabilities for business ‎engagement. Specifically, it seeks to describe and analyze the personal and socio-economic profiles of ‎individuals in relation to key entrepreneurial dimensions such as the desirability of becoming self-‎employed, entrepreneurial motivation and intention, and entrepreneurial attitudes. A mixed-methods ‎approach was adopted, integrating both quantitative and qualitative methodologies to ensure ‎comprehensive analysis. A total of 265 respondents—including community leaders, household ‎stakeholders, and microenterprise owners—from eight (8) districts of Naujan were selected using purposive ‎sampling. Data were collected through a structured survey questionnaire and supplemented by field ‎observations. Findings indicate that Naujan has adequate natural and socio-economic resources with strong ‎potential for entrepreneurial development. Respondents generally exhibited favorable entrepreneurial ‎customs, particularly a strong desire to become self-employed and moderate levels of entrepreneurial ‎motivation and intention. However, entrepreneurial attitudes were observed to be limited, with low risk ‎tolerance and minimal innovation-oriented behaviors. The study further revealed that family welfare and ‎the pursuit of financial security are the dominant motivating factors for entrepreneurial engagement in the ‎community, while lack of knowledge and limited access to business-related information were identified as ‎minor constraints. Importantly, statistical analysis showed no significant difference among respondents in ‎their assessments of entrepreneurial customs. It recommends the development of capacity-building ‎programs focused on entrepreneurial mindset enhancement, financial literacy, and mentoring, aligned with ‎the community’s values and resource context‎.

  • References

    1. Akpan, I. J., Udoh, E. A. P., & Adebisi, B. (2022). Small business awareness and adoption of technologies in developing markets during COVID-19. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship.
    2. Campaner, J. P., Perez, A.-L. C., & Vilbar, M. R. B. (2025). Entrepreneurship education and intention of business students: A study in Cebu City, Philippines. Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management, 10(29s).
    3. Cieślik, J. (2024). Entrepreneurship and innovation in emerging economies. Springer.
    4. Dela Cruz, M. C., & Reyes, R. A. (2023). Entrepreneurial attitude towards failure and business resilience among Filipino entrepreneurs. Philippine Journal of Business and Psychology, 10(1), 20–32.
    5. Estrin, S., Mickiewicz, T., & Stephan, U. (2023). Entrepreneurship in emerging markets: A review and research agenda. Journal of Business Ventur-ing, 38(2), 106283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2022.106283.
    6. Hadiyanti, P., Darmawan, D., Sasmita, K., Jafar, M. M., & Br Dalimunthe, H. H. (2025). Empowering rural entrepreneurship: Innovating through village-owned enterprises. Journal of Nonformal Education, 10(2). https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jone/article/view/5998. https://doi.org/10.15294/jone.v10i2.5998.
    7. Kania, I., Anggadwita, G., & Alamanda, D. T. (2020). A new approach to stimulate rural entrepreneurship through village-owned enterprises in In-donesia. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy. https://ideas.repec.org/a/eme/jecpps/jec-07-2020-0137.html
    8. Lagman, K. A., Lumban, J. R., & Abad, F. R. (2024). Adaptive entrepreneurial attitudes and community support among microenterprises in Min-danao. Philippine Journal of Entrepreneurship and Development Studies, 15(1), 112–128.
    9. Manalang, M. G. (2023). The entrepreneurial intention of business students: Applying the TPB and TRA in the Philippines. European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, 1(5), 21–32. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2023.1(5).03.
    10. Misra, S., & Bhat, S. (2021). Entrepreneurial ecosystems and community-based entrepreneurship: A study of Indian rural regions. Journal of Entre-preneurship in Emerging Economies, 13(1), 105–124. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-08-2019-0123.
    11. OECD. (2023). The missing entrepreneurs 2023: Youth preferences for self‑employment in the EU and OECD. Organisation for Economic Co‑operation and Development.
    12. Ogundana, O. M., Iwu, C. G., & Dada, J. T. (2022). Entrepreneurial orientation and community support as predictors of SMEs’ performance in de-veloping economies. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 14(3), 509–528.
    13. Pillai, T. R., & Ahamat, A. (2018). Social-cultural capital in youth entrepreneurship ecosystem: Southeast Asia. Journal of Enterprising Communi-ties: People and Places in the Global Economy, 12(2), 232–255. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEC-08-2017-0063.
    14. Serafica, R. B., & Oren, Q. C. (2022). Exploring policies and initiatives for online workers in the Philippines. PIDS Discussion Paper 2022‑01. https://doi.org/10.62986/dp2022.01.
    15. Solquillo, M. A. T. (2020). The effect of entrepreneurial motivation to sustainable entrepreneurship among online sellers in the Philippines (Master’s thesis). De La Salle University. https://animorepository.dlsu.edu.ph/etd_masteral/6183.

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Mandane , D. M. G. T. . (2025). Local Entrepreneurial Custom in ‎Naujan, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines. International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 14(5), 691-699. https://doi.org/10.14419/4phtnt61