Design and Development of A Personalized Experiential Virtual Reality System for Costume History Learning

  • Authors

    • Xin Xiao Centre for Instructional Technology and Multimedia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, ‎Malaysia
    • Kien Tsong Chau Centre for Instructional Technology and Multimedia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, ‎Malaysia
    • Wan Ahmad Jaafar Wan Yahaya Centre for Instructional Technology and Multimedia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, ‎Malaysia
    https://doi.org/10.14419/kqy4n403

    Received date: July 25, 2025

    Accepted date: September 15, 2025

    Published date: September 22, 2025

  • Personalized Experiential; Virtual Reality; Learning Achievement; Learning Engagement; ‎Costume History; Undergraduate

  • Abstract

    This study investigated the comparative effectiveness of a Personalized Experiential Virtual ‎Reality (PE-VR) system and a Normal Virtual Reality (NVR) system in enhancing ‎undergraduate students’ learning achievement and engagement. A total of 30 undergraduate ‎students participated in the experiment. Learning achievement was assessed using pre- and ‎post-tests and analyzed with ANCOVA, while engagement was evaluated with a ‎standardized questionnaire and analyzed using ANOVA. After controlling for pre-test scores, ‎the results indicated that students in the PE-VR condition achieved significantly higher post-‎test scores than those in the NVR condition (Mean Difference = 15.522, p=0.001). Students in ‎the PE-VR condition also demonstrated significantly higher levels of engagement than their ‎counterparts in the NVR condition (Mean Difference = 17.533, p=0.001). These findings offer ‎empirical evidence that the PE-VR system can overcome the limitations of traditional ‎instruction and enhance history education in higher education settings.

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  • How to Cite

    Xiao, X. ., Chau , K. T. ., & Yahaya, W. A. J. W. . (2025). Design and Development of A Personalized Experiential Virtual Reality System for Costume History Learning. International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 14(5), 797-804. https://doi.org/10.14419/kqy4n403