Comparative Study of Gender Disparity in The Mediterranean‎Zone: A Gender Approach in The Socio-Economic andPolitical ‎Contexts of Morocco, Portugal and Spain

  • Authors

    • Benjouid Zakaria Research, Faculty of Economics and Management, University Hassan First‎ Research Laboratory in Economics, Management, and Business Management (LAREGMA) Morocco
    • El-Aouachi Merieme Doctoral student, Faculty of Economics and Management, University Hassan First Research Laboratory in Economics, Management, and Business Management (LAREGMA) Morocco
    • Maha Mouabid Research, Faculty of Economics and Management, University Hassan First‎ Research Laboratory in Economics, Management, and Business Management (LAREGMA) Morocco
    • Redouane Azhari Research, Faculty of Economics and Management, University Hassan First‎ Research Laboratory in Economics, Management, and Business Management (LAREGMA) Morocco
    https://doi.org/10.14419/xrmn4x54

    Received date: December 10, 2025

    Accepted date: February 6, 2026

    Published date: February 15, 2026

  • Women Gender; Gender Equality; Labor Market; Global Gender Gap Report; Benchmarking

  • Abstract

    In recent years, Morocco has carried out a number of actions and reforms to encourage women to play a greater role in the country's social, ‎political, and economic progress. In 2004, it adopted a new constitution that guarantees gender equality. The constitution lays the legal foundations for promoting gender equality and women's rights. The program to support universal preschool education and the reform of the ‎family code (Moudawana) has had a positive effect on girls' education. Microcredit has been developed by the microcredit program to support women's entrepreneurship and economic empowerment. Morocco has devoted funds to the education of girls and women, particularly ‎in rural areas, to improve their access to education and enhance their skills. In 2005, the (INDH) launched awareness campaigns to combat ‎violence against women and promote gender equality.‎

    Although Morocco has undertaken reforms and initiatives to promote gender equality and involve women more fully in the country's social, ‎political, and economic development, analyses and studies by international bodies rank it very low. In this work, we examine the Global ‎Gender Gap Report (GGGR) and other similar studies to find and identify areas of weakness and improvement, while comparing with Portugal and Spain‎.

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  • How to Cite

    Zakaria , B. ., Merieme , E.-A. ., Mouabid , M. ., & Azhari, R. . (2026). Comparative Study of Gender Disparity in The Mediterranean‎Zone: A Gender Approach in The Socio-Economic andPolitical ‎Contexts of Morocco, Portugal and Spain. International Journal of Accounting and Economics Studies, 13(2), 169-178. https://doi.org/10.14419/xrmn4x54