The 6-Go Digital Intellectual Capital Model: Enhancing ‎Financial Sustainability Through Green Innovation in Small and ‎Medium Enterprises

  • Authors

    https://doi.org/10.14419/6qqb7b27

    Received date: August 30, 2025

    Accepted date: October 1, 2025

    Published date: October 19, 2025

  • Digital Intellectual Capital; Green Innovation; Financial Sustainability; SMEs; Digital Transformation; Sustainability

  • Abstract

    Purpose -- This study develops and validates a novel 6-Go Digital Intellectual Capital (6G-DIC) model that extends traditional intellectual ‎capital theory by incorporating digital, cultural, and green capital dimensions to enhance financial sustainability in small and medium enterprises through green innovation.‎

    Design/methodology/approach -- This research advances intellectual capital theory by developing a six-dimensional framework that extends ‎traditional three-dimensional models. Using partial least squares structural equation modeling on 324 Indonesian SMEs, the study tests the ‎expanded framework's impact on financial sustainability through green innovation mediation.‎

    Findings -- Contrary to digital transformation assumptions, green capital emerges as the strongest predictor of green innovation (β = 0.275), ‎followed by cultural capital (β = 0.243), while digital capital shows moderate effects (β = 0.158). The model explains 77.2% of the variance in ‎financial sustainability and 69.2% in green innovation, with green innovation mediating 21.46% to 28.72% of intellectual capital effects on ‎financial outcomes.‎

    Research limitations/implications -- Geographic specificity to Indonesian SMEs limits generalizability. The unexpected hierarchy challenges ‎digital primacy assumptions and suggests that intellectual capital effectiveness varies across institutional contexts.‎

    Practical implications -- SME managers should prioritize green capital and cultural capital development over digital-only approaches, though ‎contextual adaptation is essential given the study's geographic limitations.‎

    Originality/value -- This research contributes to intellectual capital theory by demonstrating that expanded six-dimensional frameworks ‎achieve superior explanatory power while revealing contextual sensitivity in resource value hierarchies that contradict universal digital ‎transformation assumptions‎.

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  • How to Cite

    Ningsi, E. H., Manurung, L., & Siregar, M. F. (2025). The 6-Go Digital Intellectual Capital Model: Enhancing ‎Financial Sustainability Through Green Innovation in Small and ‎Medium Enterprises. International Journal of Accounting and Economics Studies, 12(6), 684-695. https://doi.org/10.14419/6qqb7b27