Moisture & Acetaminophen analysis on the Aquilaria Malaccensis dried leaves extract

  • Authors

    • Habsah Alwi
    • Nor Syaira Kamaruddin
    • Jefri Jaafar
    • Hanafiah Zainal Abidin
    • Ku Halim Ku Hamid
    2018-11-27
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.18.21921
  • acetaminophen, Aquilaria Malaccensis, Moisture effect, vacuum far-infrared dryer.
  • Aquilaria malaccencis is a traditional herbal that has been long used in medicinal remedies due to its various health benefits.  Acetaminophen is a synthetic drug often used to treat fever and other illness and this compound can be found in Aquilaria malaccencis leaves.  In this work, the presence of acetaminophen was evaluated by drying the leaves at various temperatures (30- 70°C) using a fabricated vacuum far-infrared dryer.  The dried leaves were then extracted using hydro distillation method to produce essential oil. The presence of acetaminophenin in the extracted sample was confirmed by using FITR. A peak at 1640 cm-1 region indicated that carbonyl vibration infrared band in the spectrum of acetaminophen was observed for all three of the extracted samples. This confirmed the presence of acetaminophenin aquilaria malaccencis leaves.

     

  • References

    1. [1] A. Z. Adam, S. Y. Lee, and R. Mohamed, “Pharmacological properties of agarwood tea derived from Aquilaria (Thymelaeaceae) leaves: An emerging contemporary herbal drink,†J. Herb. Med., no. November 2016, 2017.

      [2] Y. Z. H. Y. Hashim, P. G. Kerr, P. Abbas, and H. Mohd Salleh, “Aquilaria spp. (agarwood) as source of health beneficial compounds: A review of traditional use, phytochemistry and pharmacology,†J. Ethnopharmacol.,

      vol. 189, pp. 331–360, 2016.

      [3] M. Samadi, Z. Z. Abidin, R. Yunus, D. R. Awang Biak, H. Yoshida, and E. H. Lok, “Assessing the kinetic model of hydrodistillation and chemical composition of Aquilaria malaccensis leaves essential oil,†Chinese J. Chem. Eng., vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 216–222, 2017.

      [4] G. M. Pacifici and K. Allegaert, “Clinical Pharmacology of Paracetamol in Neonates: A Review,†Curr. Ther. Res. - Clin. Exp., vol. 77, pp. 24–30, 2015.

      [5] Afiffudden, S. K. N, Alwi, H & Ku Hamid, K. H., (2015) Determination of 4’-Hydroxyacetanilide in Leaves Extract of Aquilaria malaccencis by High Pressure Liquid Chromatograph,Procedia -Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol 195, pp 2726-2733

      [6] S. Mongpraneet, T. Abe, and T. Tsurusaki, “Far Infrared --Vacuum and - Convection Drying of Welsh Onion,†Trans. ASAE, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 1529–1535, 2002.

      [7] C. Nimmol, “Vacuum Far-infrared Drying of Foods and Agricultural Materials,†J. KMUTNB, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 37–44, 2010.

      [8] K. B. Khalil, A. S.; Rahim, A. A., Taha, K. K., Abdallah,“Characterization of Methanolic Extracts of Agarwood Leaves,†J. Appl. Ind. Sci., vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 78–88, 2013.

      [9] S. Sultana, H. M. Asif, N. Akhtar, and K. Ahmad, “Medicinal plants with potential antipyretic activity: A review,†Asian Pacific J. Trop. Dis., vol. 5, no. S1, pp. S202–S208, 2015.

      [10] S. Mongpraneet, T. Abe, and T. Tsurusaki, “Far Infrared ­-Vacuum and - Convection Drying of Welsh Onion,†Trans. ASAE, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 1529–1535, 2002.

      [11] Bai-Ngew, S., Therdthai, N., Dhamvithee, P., & Zhou, W. (2015). Effect of microwave vacuum drying and hot

      air drying on the physicochemical properties of durian flour. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 50(2), 305–312. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.12651

      [12] Wojdyło, A., Figiel, A., Lech, K., Nowicka, P., & Oszmiański, J. (2014). Effect of Convective and Vacuum-Microwave Drying on the Bioactive Compounds, Color, and Antioxidant Capacity of Sour Cherries. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 7(3), 829–841. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-013-1130-8

      [13] Liu, Y., Miao, S., Wu, J., Liu, J., Yu, H., & Duan, X. (2015). Drying Characteristics and Modeling of Vacuum Far-Infrared Radiation Drying of Flos Lonicerae. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 39(4), 338–348. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.1223

      [14] X. Ning, J. Lee, and C. Han, “Drying characteristics and quality of red ginseng using far-infrared rays,†J. Ginseng Res., vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 371–375, 2015.

      [15] C. Nimmol, “Vacuum Far-infrared Drying of Foods and Agricultural Materials,†J. KMUTNB, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 37–44, 2010.

      [16] T. Swasdisevi, S. Devahastin, P. Sa-Adchom, and S. Soponronnarit, “Mathematical modeling of combined far-infrared and vacuum drying banana slice,†J. Food Eng., vol. 92, no. 1, pp. 100–106, 2009.

      [17] C. Berthomieu and R. Hienerwadel, “Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy,†Photosynth. Res., vol. 101, no. 2–3, pp. 157–170, 2009.

      [18] Z. Movasaghi, S. Rehman, and I. U. Rehman, “Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of biological tissues,†Appl. Spectrosc. Rev., vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 134–179, 2008.

      [19] H. Alwi, S. A. Ali, K. Halim, K. Hamid, and M. Zaid, “Drying effects of vacuum far-infrared on aquilaria malaccensis leaves Drying effects of vacuum far-infrared on aquilaria malaccensis leaves,†2017.

      [20] M. L. Ramos, J. F. Tyson, and D. J. Curran, “Determination of acetaminophen by flow injection with on-line chemical derivatization: Investigations using visible and FTIR spectrophotometry,†Anal. Chim. Acta, vol. 364, no. 1–3, pp. 107–116, 1998

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Alwi, H., Syaira Kamaruddin, N., Jaafar, J., Zainal Abidin, H., & Halim Ku Hamid, K. (2018). Moisture & Acetaminophen analysis on the Aquilaria Malaccensis dried leaves extract. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(4.18), 228-231. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.18.21921