Structural elucidation of galactomannan from ‘Petai Belalang’(Leucaena leucocephala) and its modified analogue

  • Authors

    • Shazlinda Shirajuddin
    • Dzaraini Kamarun
    • Sabu Thomas
    2018-11-27
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.18.21829
  • conjugated, galactomannan, leguminous plant, morphology, spectroscopic.
  • Galactomannan (GM) is a biomoleculer polymer present as a storage carbohydrate in endosperm of many leguminous plant and fungal cell wall. Commercial GMs were obtained from plants such as guar gum (Cyamoposis tetragonolobus), locust beans (Ceratonia siliqua) and tara gum (Caesalpinia spinosa). In this project GM was extracted from seeds of a local plant ‘petai belalang’ scientifically known as Leucaena leucocephala. The GM was further conjugated with acryloyl groups for further crosslinking reactions. We report here the structural properties of the modified analogue of GM based on several spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR, NMR and XRD. The morphology of the galactomannan analogue (aGM) was identified from SEM images at several magnifications. We also included discussions on comparisons of the aGM from its parent structure. GM was successfully conjugated with the acryloyl group as verified by the presence of vinyl stretching bands and vinyl protons in the FTIR and H1 NMR spectrum of aGM respectively. This is supported with SEM images that show distribution of granules along the aGM surfaces as compared to a smooth surface of its parent compound. The successfulness of the conjugation process was further verified from data obtained from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).

     

     

  • References

    1. [1] Prajapati VD, Jani GK, Moradiya NG, Randeria NP, Nagar BJ, Naikwadi NN, Variya BC (2013), Galactomannan: a versatile biodegradable seed polysaccharide. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 60, 83–92.

      [2] Cerqueira MA, Pinheiro AC, Souza BWS, Lima AMP, Ribeiro C, Miranda C, Teixeira JA, Moreira RA, Coimbra MA, Goncalves MP, Vicente AA (2009), Extraction, purification and characterization of galactomannans from non-traditional sources. Carbohydrate Polymers 75, 408–414.

      [3] Pollard MA, Fischer P, Windhab EJ (2011), Characterization of galactomannans derived from legume endosperms of genus Sesbania (Faboideae). Carbohydrate Polymers 84, 550–559.

      [4] Pawar HA, Lalitha KG (2014), Isolation, purification and characterization of galactomannans as an excipient from Senna tora seeds. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 65, 167–75.

      [5] Albuquerque PBS, Barros W, Santos GRC, Correia MTS, Mourao PAS, Teixeira JA, Carneiro-da-Cunha MG (2014), Characterization and rheological study of the galactomannan extracted from seeds of Cassia grandis. Carbohydrate Polymers 104, 127–34.

      [6] Rana V, Rai P, Tiwary AK, Singh RS, Kennedy JF, Knill CJ (2011), Modified gums: Approaches and applications in drug delivery. Carbohydrate Polymers 83, 1031–1047.

      [7] Thombare N, Jha U, Mishra S, Siddiqui MZ (2016), Guar gum as a promising starting material for diverse applications: A review. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 88, 361–372.

      [8] Cerqueira MA, Bourbon AI, Pinheiro AC, Martins JT, Souza BWS, Teixeira JA, Vicente AA (2011), Galactomannans use in the development of edible films/coatings for food applications. Trends in Food Science & Technology 22, 662–671.

      [9] Shukla RK, Tiwari A (2012), Carbohydrate polymers: Applications and recent advances in delivering drugs to the colon. Carbohydrate Polymers 88, 399–416.

      [10] Mathur V, Mathur NK (2005), Fenugreek and other lesser known legume galactomannan-polysaccharides: Scope for developments. Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 64, 475–481.

      [11] Dakia PA, Blecker C, Robert C, Wathelet B, Paquot M (2008), Composition and physicochemical properties of locust bean gum extracted from whole seeds by acid or water dehulling pre-treatment. Food Hydrocolloids 22, 807–818.

      [12] Yuen S, Choi S, Lee D, Ma C (2009), Raman and FTIR spectroscopic study of carboxymethylated non-starch polysaccharides. Food Chemistry 114, 1091–1098.

      [13] Mittal N, Mattu P, Kaur G (2016), Extraction and derivatization of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) galactomannan: Optimization and characterization. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 92, 831–841.

      [14] Chakravorty A, Barman G, Mukherjee S, Sa B (2016), Effect of carboxymethylation on rheological and drug release characteristics of locust bean gum matrix tablets. Carbohydrate Polymers 144, 50–58.

      [15] Rajput G, Pandey IP, Joshi HC (2016), Synthesis of carbamoylethyl Cassia angustifolia seed gum in an aqueous medium. Carbohydrate Polymers 136, 1259–1264.

      [16] Wang J, Yang T, Tian J, Zeng T, Wang X, Yao J, Zhang J, Lei Z (2014), Synthesis and characterization of phosphorylated galactomannan: The effect of DS on solution conformation and antioxidant activities. Carbohydrate Polymers 113, 325–335.

      [17] Muschin T, Budragchaa D, Kanamoto T, Nakashima H, Ichiyama K, Yamamoto N, Shuqin H, Yoshida T (2016), Chemically sulfated natural galactomannans with specific antiviral and anticoagulant activities. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 89, 415–420.

      [18] Shirajuddin S, Kamarun D, Ismail NE, Abdul Wahab MS, Li AR, Rahim N (2015), Extraction and Characterization of Galactomannan from Seeds of Leucaena leucocephala. Advanced Materials Research 1134, 213–219.

      [19] Cerqueira MA, Souza BWS, Simoes J, Teixeira JA, Domingues MRM, Coimbra MA, Vicente AA (2011), Structural and thermal characterization of galactomannans from non-conventional sources. Carbohydrate Polymers 83, 179–185.

      [20] Kono H, Otaka F, Ozaki M (2014), Preparation and characterization of guar gum hydrogels as carrier materials for controlled protein drug delivery. Carbohydrate Polymers 111, 830–840.

      [21] Reis A. V., Cavalcanti OA, Rubira AF, Muniz EC (2003), Synthesis and characterization of hydrogels formed from a glycidyl methacrylate derivative of galactomannan. 2003, 267:13–25.

      [22] Nurnadiah R, Dzaraini K, Abdul Rashid L, Ahmad MR (2013), Synthesis and Characterization of Crosslinked Galactomannan Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery Application. Advanced Materials Research 812, 12–19.

      [23] Lavudi HN, Kottapalli S, Goycoolea FM (2018), Extraction and physicochemical characterization of galactomannans from Dichrostachys cinerea seeds. Food Hydrocolloids 82, 451–456.

      [24] Gong H, Liu M, Chen J, Han F, Gao C, Zhang B (2012), Synthesis and characterization of carboxymethyl guar gum and rheological properties of its solutions. Carbohydrate Polymers 88, 1015–1022.

      [25] Sun M, Li Y, Wang T, Sun Y, Xu X, Zhang Z (2017), Isolation, fine structure and morphology studies of galactomannan from endosperm of Gleditsia japonica var. delavayi. Carbohydrare Polymers 184, 127–134.

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Shirajuddin, S., Kamarun, D., & Thomas, S. (2018). Structural elucidation of galactomannan from ‘Petai Belalang’(Leucaena leucocephala) and its modified analogue. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(4.18), 95-98. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.18.21829