Manifestations of Non-Violence in the Epic of Gilgamesh. a Modernistic in Thro-Historical Reading Sex as a Modal.

  • Authors

    • Assistant Professor Majid Musheer Ghaib.
    • . .
    2018-11-27
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.17.21797
  • Iraq, Mesopotamia, Enkidu, Gilgamesh
  • The literature of writings about non-violence in the Mesopotamian culture is so little or marginal. But, specialists regarded population of Mesopotamia as the first to write laws in the human history. That asserts the idea that the law of justice and freedom is one of their basic concepts and that the Sumerian word  "amark", freedom, is the oldest word which clearly refers to human rights. This reversed the idea that the empire of Iraq was built on bloodshed and torture to maintain its prestige. The majority of their laws are characterized by Reform, compensation, and punishment of the guilty instead of revenge and Retribution. The oldest literary document refers to this fact so clearly. The document, which some critics and Analysts regarded as the oldest treasure of epic literature in the human history. The best products of this literature is Gilgamesh, which used a type of non-violence known as the power of sex, magic, and woman's attractions against strong enemies created by the goddess for special purposes. Investigating its expressions, the language of Gilgamesh is away from Decency, love, and romance. Its quotes are porn. This power is the opposite of a powerful power represented by the Monster Enkidu. The epic tries to give us a clear legendary image to convince us with the events it included and showed the non-violence and tolerance which characterized the population of Mesopotamia who documented them in their legends and stories.

     

     

  • References

    1. [1] Jean-Marie Muller, The Meaning of Non-Violence, Center of Nonviolence and Human Rights. Association of Social and Cultural Action, Beirut, 1995, 1st edition,p. 88 .

      [2] Ibrahim Abdullah, Confusion of Islamic Societies, Tolerance is not a Gift, Journal of Contemporary Islamic Issues, No. 27 Center of the Study of the Philosophy of Religion, Baghdad, 2004 p. 22..

      [3] farooq - Ismaeel . "The acess to inthrobology " . university knowledge office , Ilexandria , Egypt , 1987 , p88.

      [4] Mahmoud Muhammad Al-Hawairy, History Research Methodology, Al-Misri Office for Distribution, Cairo, Egypt, 2011.p.186

      [5] Sally Feyman, Oxford Modern Dictionary, translated by Najah Al-Shama'a and Muhammad Mahmood, published by Shahabuddin, Iran, 1976.p . 504.

      [6] Ahmed NajiSabe'a, the reality of holy marriage (holy prostitution) in Mesopotamia, Journal of the Faculty of Arts University of Babylon, No. 65 date 2016.

      [7] Zuhair Al-Khowalidi, The Difference Between Non-violence and the Non-violent Action http://30dz.justgoo.com/t478-topic

      [8] Sharp jane. The Politico of Nonviolent Action, Boston, Porter, Sargent, 1973,p,10.

      [9] Baalbaki, Al-Mawrid Dictionary, Knowledge for millions press office, Beirut, 1987, p, 975.

      [10] Jamal al-Deen Abu al-Fadhl Muhammad bin Makram bin Mandhoor, Arabs' tongue, V2, Beirut, 1956.p,490 .

      [11] Al-FairoozAbadi, Al-Muheet Dictionary, Revival of Arab heritage press office, V1, None , p, 46 .

      [12] Ataa llah Mahjari, Tolerance and Violence in Islam, translated by Salim Kareem, Riyadh Al Rayes for Publishing, Beirut, 2001.p , 40 .

      [13] Russell B. Peace and non-Violence in the West, London, Longman, 1982,2nd Ed , p51.

      [14] F. R. Cowell, The Revolutions of Ancient Rome, tr. W.P. Dickson, London, Thames and Hudson, rev. ed. 1962, P,42.

      [15] An American philosopher and author, born in 1817, studied at Harford university from 1833 to 1837, and he was the first to use the term "civil disobedience".cf, Ahmed Adiletal, "War of non-violence… third option" Accademy of change, 2007, p.36.

      [16] Asaad Al-Imara, violence and personal fragmentation, Al-Naba Journal, guidance modern press, p 78, 2005.

      [17] Sharp, Jane, The struggle of non-violence is an effective means of political action, Translated by Ahmed Al-AlmiShukrat, Al Jadeed press office, 1998, p,4.

      [18] Ibrahim Al-Ghoul, Culture of Dialogue, Al-Naseem press office for Printing and Publishing, Beirut, 2010, p , 139 Mahmoud Muhammad Al-Hawairy, History Research Methodology, Al-Misri Office for Distribution, Cairo, Egypt, 2011,p,71.

      [19] Baalbaki, Al-Mawrid Dictionary, Knowledge for millions press office, Beirut, 1987.

      [20] Ahmed Naji Sabe'a, the reality of holy marriage (holy prostitution) in Mesopotamia, Journal of the Faculty of Arts University of Babylon, No. 65 date 2016, p126.

      [21] Jamal al-Deen Abu al-Fadhl Muhammad bin Makram bin Mandhoor,Arabs' tongue, V2, Beirut, 1956.

      [22] A-S "Sex ; from legnd to knowledge" ,translated by Dr. MuneerShahood- Syria, Al-Hiwar press office for printing and publishing- Lathiqia, 1992, p.22

      [23] Hamid AL-Haidar , " The woman in the ancient Iraq" , published on Tuesday 16 August 2016 http://www.iraqicp.com/index.php/sections/.platform.

      [24] Sorokin, Pitirim. Sociology of Revolution New york the free press, 1983, 2 nd edition,pp,45-46.

      [25] Waleed Yousuf Attu , " Sex is that huge black hole" http://www.ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp?aid=asp

      [26] Raid AL-Hawari, " sivilized conversation , section; art and litratyre www.ahewar.org/debat/show.artasp?aid=39686

      [27] Jane Sharp, The struggle of non-violence is an effective means of political action, Translated by Dr. Ahmed Al-AlmiShukrat, Al Jadeed press office, 1998.

      [28] Group of Researchers, Islam Without Blood, The Islamic Non-Violence Movement, II, Al-Masar Center for Studies and Research, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, 2011, p47 .

      [29] Jawad Ghaloom, The prostitute "Shamahat" and the influence of sex in the texts of the epic of Gilgamesh. http//yonadam.com2015/02/05.

      [30] Naell Hanoon , The Epic of Gilgamesh, p80.

      [31] taken from theodorrike "the sexual motivation. Translated by thaerdeeb. X=Syria, al-hiwar office, 1992, p. 27.

      [32] Mohammed Al-Hassani Shirazi, 3 billion books, AalYassin publishers, Lebanon, 1998, p19.

      [33] Jawad Ghaloom, The prostitute "Shamahat" and the influence of sex in the texts of the epic of Gilgamesh. http//yonadam.com2015/02/05.

      [34] Raid Al-Hawari, The Epic of Gilgamesh Full Text, Axis: Literature and Art, Civilized Dialogue-Issue: 4341-2014.

      [35] Nadira Al-Yaziji, Violence and Non-violence in Nature and Man, Paths, Electronic Book, file: /// C: / Users / moon / Desktop

      [36] Raid Al-Hawari, The Epic of Gilgamesh Full Text, Axis: Literature and Art, Civilized Dialogue-Issue: 4341-2014 , p17.

      [37] Jawad Ghaloom, The prostitute "Shamahat" and the influence of sex in the texts of the epic of Gilgamesh. http//yonadam.com2015/02/05.

      [38] Raid AL-Hawari, " sivilized conversation , section; art and litratyrewww.ahewar.org/debat/show.artasp?aid=39686

      [39] NaellHanoon , The Epic of Gilgamesh, p79.

      [40] Jawad Ghaloom, The prostitute "Shamahat" and the influence of sex in the texts of the epic of Gilgamesh. http//yonadam.com2015/02/05.

      [41] Hussein Alwan Hussein, the conflict in the epic of Gilgamesh, p7.

      [42] Naell Hanoon , The Epic of Gilgamesh, p76.

      [43] Asaad Al-Imara, violence and personal fragmentation, Al-Naba Journal, guidance modern press, no 78, 2005,p43.

      [44] Nael lHanoon , The Epic of Gilgamesh, p76 .

      [45] HamadAdil and Others, The War of Non-violence ... Third Option, Academy of Change, 2007.

      [46] Taha Baqir, The Epic of the Immortal Iraq's Audest Gilgamesh, Baghdad, Freedom Press office for Printing, 1980 , p41.

      [47] Asaad Al-Imara, violence and personal fragmentation, Al-Naba Journal, guidance modern press, p 78, 2005.

      [48] Ahmed Bashar, the idea of conflict in the legends and ancient Iraqi legends (3000-2000). Unpublished master thesis, submitted to the Faculty of Education, University of Wassit, Wassit, 2011, p119.

      [49] Naell Hanoon , The Epic of Gilgamesh, p77.

      [50] Amira Malik and Hasan Hamidoush, Struggle of non-violence and gaining support, Damascus, e-book maaber@scs-net.org

      [51] Ahmed Bashar , " the stryggle " ,pp108-115.

      [52] Naell Hanoon , The Epic of Gilgamesh, p77.

      [53] Taha Baqir, " The epic of Gilgamesh " p34.

      [54] Colin Wilson, Origins of Sexual Motivation,p21.

      [55] taken from theodorrike "the sexual motivation. Translated by thaerdeeb. X=Syria, al-hiwar office, 1992, p. 27.

      [56] Raid Al-Hawari, The Epic of Gilgamesh Full Text, Axis: Literature and Art, Civilized Dialogue-Issue: 4341-2014 ,p17.

      [57] Naell Hanoon , The Epic of Gilgamesh, p79.

      [58] Colin Wilson, Origins of Sexual Motivation,p16.

      [59] Taha Baqir, " The epic of Gilgamesh " p43.

      [60] A-S "Sex ; from legnd to knowledge" ,translated by Dr. MuneerShahood- Syria, Al-Hiwar press office for printing and publishing- Lathiqia, 1992, p.22

      [61] Naell Hanoon , The Epic of Gilgamesh, p80.

      [62] Hussein Alwan Hussein, the conflict in the ep, p23

      [63] Taha Baqir, " The epic of Gilgamesh " p43.

      [64] Naell Hanoon , The Epic of Gilgamesh, p81.

      [65] Colin Wilson, Origins of Sexual Motivation,p28.

      [66] Yousuf AL-Hawrani, The Golden Structure of Civilization in the Ancient Asian Middle East, al-Nahar office for Publishing, Beirut, 1978,p293.

      [67] TahaBaqir, " The epic of Gilgamesh " p47.

      [68] Asaad Al-Imara, violence and personal fragmentation, Al-Naba Journal, guidance modern press, p 78, 2005 , 43 .

      [69] TahaBaqir, " The epic of Gilgamesh " p47.

      [70] Ibrahim Al-Ghoul, Culture of Dialogue, Al-Naseem press office for Printing and Publishing, Beirut, 2010.

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Majid Musheer Ghaib., A. P., & ., . (2018). Manifestations of Non-Violence in the Epic of Gilgamesh. a Modernistic in Thro-Historical Reading Sex as a Modal. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(4.17), 22-27. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.17.21797