Simulation framework for civil tiltrotor mission performance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.13.21352Published
09-10-2018Keywords:
gas turbine engines, mission performance, rotorcraft simulation, programming and simulation, tiltrotors.Abstract
A simulation framework for the overall mission performance of a civil tiltrotor system is presented. In this work, a numerical model of a benchmark tiltrotor aircraft’s flight dynamics is paired with a high-fidelity simulation of the turboshaft powerplant. The gas turbine simulation of the baseline engine is shown to have high accuracy with its available performance data from flight and stationary tests. The simulation is further validated by the obtained maximum range and endurance performance based on the XV-15 tiltrotor. The power requirements during the different phases of tiltrotor flight are also modelled including the transition phases between rotary- to fixed-wing. A mission framework is designed to show the estimated fuel burn and emissions. The mission procedures are based on the flight envelope data available in the public domain as well as modern helicopter operations. This work can be used as the baseline for the modelling of conceptual configurations of civil tiltrotors, particularly for variations in powerplant technologies.
References
McVicar JSG (1993), A Generic Tilt-Rotor Simulation Model with Parallel Implementation. University of Glasgow
Renaud JP (2000), Advanced technologies and new roles for VTOL aircraft: Part I. Air & Space Europe 2(2)
DeTore J & Conway S (1991), Technology needs for high speed rotorcraft. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Bell (1969), Advancement of proprotor technology: Task 1-Design Study Summary. Fort Worth, TX
Smith RD (1996), Civil tiltrotor - A new transportation alternative. World Aviation Congress
Wernicke KG (1969), Tilt proprotor composite aircraft, design state of the art. J. Am. Helicopter Soc. 14(2), 10-25
Anon (1991), Civil tiltrotor missions and applications-Phase II: The commercial passenger market. National Aeronautics and Space Administration and Federal Aviation Administration
Dreier ME (2007), Introduction to helicopter and tiltrotor flight simulation. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Padfield GD (2007), Helicopter Flight Dynamics: The Theory and Application of Flying Qualities and Simulation Modelling. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Johnson W & Sinsay JD (2009), Rotorcraft conceptual design environment. 3rd International Basic Research Conference on Rotorcraft Technology
Johnson W & Datta A (2008), Requirements for next generation comprehensive analysis of rotorcraft. AHS Specialist’s Conference on Aeromechanics
Russell C & Johnson W (2013), Application of climate impact metrics to civil tiltrotor design. 51st AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting
Filippone A (2006), Flight Performance of Fixed and Rotary Wing Aircraft. Burlington, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann
Newman S (1994), The Foundations of Helicopter Flight. London, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann
Goulos I (2012), Simulation Framework Development for the Multidisciplinary Optimisation of Rotorcraft. Cranfield University
Harendra PB, Joglekar MJ, Gaffey TM & Marr RL (1973), V/STOL Tilt Rotor Study - Volume V: A Mathematical Model For Real Time Flight Simulation of the Bell Model 301 Tilt Rotor Research Aircraft. Fort Worth, Texas
Ferguson SW (1988), A mathematical model for real time flight simulation of a generic tilt-rotor aircraft. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Gires E (2016), Preliminary Design and Performance Optimisation of Advanced Powerplants for Tiltrotor Aircraft. Cranfield University
Hanson GD & Ferguson SW (1988), Generic Tilt-Rotor Simulation (GTRSIM) User’s and Programmer’s Guide. Moffett Field, CA
Johnson W (2010), NDARC — NASA design and analysis of rotorcraft validation and demonstration. American Helicopter Society Aeromechanics Specialists’ Conference
Johnson W (2010), NDARC — NASA design and analysis of rotorcraft theoretical basis and architecture. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Nikolaidis T (2015), The Turbomatch Scheme - For aero/ Industrial Gas Turbine Engine Design Point/ Off Design & Transient Performance Calculation. Cranfield University
Jane’s (2012), Jane’s Aero Engines. Jane’s Information Group, IHS
Rubins PM & Doyle BW (1973), T53 and T55 gas turbine combustor and engine exhaust emission measurements. Army Air Mobility Research and Development Laboratory
Dugan DC, Erhart RG & Schroers LG (1980), The XV-15 tilt rotor research aircraft. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Rindlisbacher T (2009), Guidance on the determination of helicopter emissions. Federal Office of Civil Aviation
Ali F (2014), Design and Optimisation of Rotorcraft Powerplants. Cranfield University
Zhang J (2014), Coaxial Rotorcraft Power-plant Simulation and Optimisation. Cranfield University
Churchill GB & Dugan DC (1982), Simulation of the XV-15 tilt rotor research aircraft. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Johnson W (2010), NDARC — NASA design and analysis of rotorcraft validation and demonstration. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Ferguson SW (1989), Development and validation of a simulation for a generic tilt-rotor aircraft. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Wernicke K & Magee J (1979), XV-15 flight test results compared with design goals. AIAA Aircraft Systems and Technology Meeting
NASA (1975), NASA/Army XV-15 tilt rotor research aircraft familiarization document. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Raisbeck (2009), FAA-Approved Pilot’s Operating Handbook and Airplane Flight Manual Supplement for the Beechcraft Super King Air Models 200/200C/B200/B200C. Raisbeck Engineering
Conner DA, Marcolini MA, Decker WA, Cline JH, Edwards BD, Nicks CO & Klein PD (1999), XV-15 tiltrotor low noise approach operations. American Helicopter Society 55th Annual Forum
Bianco-Mengotti R (2012), The AgustaWestland path to the new generation tilt-rotor: Technological challenges for the future of rotary wing. http://www.aofs.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/ 121122.11-AW-path-to-new-generation-tiltrotor1.pdf.