Instructional Leadership in Malaysia

  • Authors

    • Roslizam Hassan
    • Jamilah Ahmad
    • Yusof Boon
    2018-08-24
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.30.18346
  • concept development, definition, instructional leadership, issues and challenges in executing instructional leadership, literature research, model

  • Leadership of school leaders regardless principals or headmasters is among the key factors that can affect the academic achievement of students directly or indirectly. Based on previous research, a strong relationship between student achievement and leadership of school leaders was proven. The Ministry of Education Malaysia (MoE) has outlined three approaches to improving student achievement through the improvement of school leaders' performance. One of the approaches is school leaders should act as instructional leaders who are actively involved in teacher development activities by planning, coordinating and evaluating the teaching and learning process (T&L) at school. This concept paper will discuss several matters related to instructional leadership such as background and development of instructional leadership, instructional leadership definitions, the development of instructional leadership concepts, instructional leadership models and the issues and challenges that exist in implementing this leadership styles. The analysis was done in the context of Malaysia and abroad. The paper is written based on extensive secondary data analysis. After analyzing matters relating to instructional leadership, it can be concluded that instructional leadership is a form of leadership that every school leader needs to practice for excellence achievements in a school. With a lot of challenges nowadays, it needs to be addressed so that the direction of the school is on the right track and students’ achievement can be enhanced.

     

  • References

    1. [1] Performance Management and Delivery Unit (PEMANDU). Government transformation programme. Malaysia; 2010.

      [2] Marzano RJ. What works in schools: Translating research into action. Alexxandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Developmen (ASCD); 2003. 226 p.

      [3] Jackson AW, Davis GA, Abeel M, Bordonaro A. Turning points 2000: Educating adolescents in the 21st century. 1st ed. New York & Westerville: Teachers College Press; 2000. 267 p.

      [4] Wilson A. From professional practice to practical leader: Teacher leadership in professional learning c communities. Int J Teach Leadersh. 2016;7(2):45–62.

      [5] Fullan M. The new meaning of educational change. 4th. Ed. Change. New York and London: Teacher College Press; 2007. 353 p.

      [6] Leithwood K, Jantzi D. A review of transformational school leadership research 1996–2005. Leadersh Policy Sch. 2005;4(3):177–99.

      [7] Harris A. Distributed leadership matters. Thousands Oaks, CA: Corwin Press; 2013. 163 p.

      [8] Day C, Sammons P, Hopkins D, Leithwood K, Kington A. Research into the impact of school leadership on pupil outcomes: Policy and research contexts. Sch Leadersh Manag. 2008;28(1):5–25.

      [9] Leithwood K, Harris A, Hopkins D. Seven strong claims about successful school leadership. Sch Leadersh Manag. 2008;28(1):27–42.

      [10] Hallinger P, Heck RH. Reassessing the principal’s role in school effectiveness: A review of empirical research, 1980-1995. Educ Adm Q. 1996;32(1):5–44.

      [11] Waters T, Marzano RJ, McNulty B. Balanced Leadership: What 30 years of research tells us about the effect of leadership on student achievement. A working paper. Aurora, CO; 2003.

      [12] Bogler R. Satisfaction of Jewish and Arab Teachers in Israel. J Soc Psychol. 2005;145(1):19–33.

      [13] Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia 2013-2025. Kuala Lumpur; 2013.

      [14] Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. Laporan Awal Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia 2013-2025. Kuala Lumpur; 2012.

      [15] James AJE, Balasandran R. Kepimpinan instruksional: Satu panduan praktikal. 2nd ed. Kuala Lumpur: PTS Akademia; 2013. 514 p.

      [16] Kis A, Konan N. A Meta-analysis of gender differences in terms of teacher views on the instructional leadership behavior of principals. Educ Sci Theory Pract. 2014;14(6):2139–45.

      [17] Krug SE. Instructional leadership: A constructivist perspective. Educ Adm Q. 1992;18(3).

      [18] Drake TL, Roe WH. The principalship. 6th ed. New York: Pearson; 2002. 520 p.

      [19] Hallinger P, Murphy JF. Assessing the instructional management behavior of Principals. Elem Sch J. 1985;86(2):217–47.

      [20] De Bevoise W. Synthesis of research on the principal as instructional leader. Educ Leadersh. 1984;41(5):14–20.

      [21] Greenfield W. Instructional leadership: Concepts, issues and controversies. Newton MA: Allyn and Bacon; 1987. 681 p.

      [22] Sisman M. Factors related to instructional leadership perception and effect of instructional leadership on organizational variables : A meta-analysis. Educ Sci Thoery Pract. 2016;16(5):1761–87.

      [23] Hallinger P, Murphy JF. Assessing and developing principal instructional leadership. Educ Leadersh. 1987;9:54–61.

      [24] Hallinger P. A review of three decades of doctoral studies using the Principal Instructional Management Rating Scale: A lens on methodological progress in educational leadership. Educ Adm Q. 2011;47(2):271–306.

      [25] Hallinger P. A review of two decades of research on the principalship using the Principal Instructional Management Rating Scale. In: Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Seattle, Washington. 2000.

      [26] Bossert ST, Dwyer DC, Rowan B, Lee G V. The instructional management role of the principal. Educ Adm Q. 1982;18(3):34–64.

      [27] Edmonds R. Effective Schools for the urban poor. Educ Leadersh. 1979;37(October):15–24.

      [28] Smith SC, Piele PK. School leadership: Handbook for excellence. 4th ed. University of Oregon: Corwin Press; 2006. 520 p.

      [29] Southworth G. Instructional leadership in schools: Reflections and empirical evidence. Sch Leadersh Manag. 2002;22(1):73–91.

      [30] Brookover WB, Lezotte LW. Changes in school characteristics coincident with changes in student achievement. 1st ed. East Lansing, MI.: Michigan State University; 1979. 112 p.

      [31] Dwyer DC. Understanding the principal’s contribution to instruction. Peabody J Educ. 1985;63(1):3–18.

      [32] Hallinger P, Murphy J. What’s effective for whom? School context and student achievement. Plan Chang. 1985;16(3):152–60.

      [33] Leithwood KA, Montgomery DJ. The role of the elementary school principal in program improvement. Rev Educ Res. 1982;52(3):309–39.

      [34] Hallinger P, Heck RH. Exploring the principal’s contribution to school effectiveness: 1980-1995. Sch Eff Sch Improv. 1998;9(2):157–91.

      [35] Leithwood K, Jantzi D. Principal and teacher leadership effects: A replication. Sch Leadersh Manag. 2000;20(4):415–34.

      [36] Robinson VMJ, Lloyd CA, Rowe KJ. The impact of leadership on student outcomes: An analysis of the differential effects of leadership types. Educ Adm Q. 2008;44(5):635–74.

      [37] Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. Laporan jawatankuasa mengkaji taraf pendidikan di sekolah-sekolah. Kuala Lumpur; 1982.

      [38] Murphy JF. Principal instructional leadership. In: Lotto LS, Thurston PW, editors. Advanced in educational administration: Changing perspectives on the school. Vol 1. Greenwoch: JAI Press; 1990.

      [39] Alig-Mielcarek JM. A model of school success: Instructional leadership, academic press, and student achievement. The Ohio State University; 2003.

      [40] Weber JR. Leading the instructional program. Sch Leadersh. 1996;253–78.

      [41] Fulton TT. High school principal instructional leadership behavior in high and low need and high and low achievement schools. Downling College; 2009.

      [42] Gurley DK, Anast-May L, O’Neal M, Dozier R. Principal instructional leadership behaviours: Teacher vs. self-perceptions. In: Babo G, Wells C, Templeton NR, editors. International Journal of Educational Leadership Preparation. Virginia, USA: NCPEA Publication; 2016. p. 140–55.

      [43] Pettiegrew H. The perceptions of principal instructional leadership practices on 8th. grade Ohio Achievement Assessment (OAA). Cleveland State University; 2013.

      [44] Gurley DK, Anast-May L, O’Neal M, Dozier R. Principal Instructional Leadership Behaviors : Teacher vs Self-Perceptions. Int J Educ Leadersh Prep. 2016;11(1):140–55.

      [45] Horton T. The relationship between teachers’sense of efficacy and perceptions of principal instructional leadership behaviors in high poverty schools. The University of Texas; 2013.

      [46] Jameela BA, Jainabee MK. Amalan kepimpinan instruksional dalam kalangan pengetua sekolah menengah di Negeri Pahang: Satu kajian kualitatif. J Edupres,. 2011;1:323–35.

      [47] Ahmad FA. Kepimpinan instruksional dalam peningkatan pengajaran dan pembelajaran yang berkesan dalam kalangan pensyarah. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia; 2014.

      [48] Elangkumaran D. Hubungan antara kepimpinan pengajaran guru besar dengan komitmen kerja Dan kepuasan kerja guru sekolah rendah di zon Tanjung Karang. Kepemimp Untuk Pembelajaran (leadersh Learn. 2012;

      [49] Hallinger P. Leadership and policy in schools instructional leadership and the school principal: A passing fancy that refuses to fade away instructional leadership and the school principal : A passing fancy that refuses to fade away. Leadersh Policy Sch. 2005;4(3):221–39.

      [50] Hallinger P, Dongyu L, Wang W-C. Gender Differences in Instructional Leadership: A Meta-Analytic Review of Studies Using the Principal Instructional Management Rating Scale. Educ Adm Q. 2016;52(4):567–601.

      [51] Hallinger P, Wang WC, Chen CW, Li D. Assessing instructional leadership with the principal instructional management rating scale. New York: Springer International Publishing Switzerland; 2015. 210 p.

      [52] Mohd YI, Aziz A. Model kepimimpinan pengajaran pengetua dan kompetensi pengajaran guru. J Kurikulum Pengajajran Asia Pasifik. 2014;2(1):11–25.

      [53] Mohd ZI. Amalan kepimpinan instruksional pengetua sekolah menengah berprestasi tinggi dengan sekolah menengah berprestasi rendah di daerah Kota Setar Kedah Darul Aman. Universiti Utara Malaysia; 2009.

      [54] Nor JM, Haris SM. Principal’s intructional leadership and teachers’ work place well being: A comparative and relationship study between “sekolah menengah agama bantuan kerajaan†and “sekolah menengah agama rakyatâ€. In: Seminar Kebangsaan kali ke IV Majlis Dekan Pendidikan IPTA 2013. Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia (UIAM); 2013. p. 170–81.

      [55] Rahimi YM, Yusri IM. Sumbangan kepimpinan instruksional maya terhadap kompetensi pengajaran guru. In: 3rd International Conference on Social Sceince Research. Kuala Lumpur; 2015. p. 11.

      [56] Shafinaz AM, Chua YP, Hussein A, Shahrin A. Kecerdasan emosi dan kepimpinan instruksional pengetua sekolah. Pemimpin 11. 2008;78–88.

      [57] Latip M. Pelaksanaan kepemimpinan pengajaran di kalangan pengetua sekolah. In: Seminar Penyelidikan Institut Perguruan Batu Lintang. 2007.

      [58] Andi AMN. Kepimpinan pengajaran dan efikasi kendiri pengetua sekolah menengah dan hubungannya dengan pencapaian akademik sekolah. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; 2006.

      [59] Gedik S, Bellibas MS. Examining schools’ distributed instructional leadership capacity: Comparison of elementary and secondary schools. J Educ Train Stud. 2015;3(6):101–10.

      [60] Masitah MY, Khaidir AM. The relationship between instructional leadership and self- efficacy in environmental education among Malaysian secondary school teachers. Int Acad Res J Soc Sci. 2015;1(1):41–50.

      [61] Zakaria O. Kepimpinan instruksional guru besar di sekolah kurang murid. Universiti Malaya; 2016.

      [62] Hallinger P, Murphy J. The social context of effective schools. Am J Educ. 1986;94(3):328–55.

      [63] Cuban L. Transforming the frog into the prince: Effective school research, policy and practice at the district level. Washington, DC; 1983.

      [64] Marshall K. Recovering from HSPS (Hyperactive Superficial Principal Syndrome): A progress report. Phi Delta Kappan. 2003;84(9):701–9.

      [65] Purkey SC, Smith MS. Effective schools : A review. Elem Sch J. 1983;83(4):426–52.

      [66] Heck RH, Larsen TJ, Marcoulides GA. Instructional leadership and school achievement: Validation of a causal model. Educ Adm Q. 1990;26(2):94–125.

      [67] Glasman NS. Student achievement and the school principal. Educ Eval Policy Anal. 1984;6(3):283–296.

      [68] Barth RS. Improving schools from within: Teachers, parents, and principals can make the difference. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 1990.

      [69] Mortimore P. School effectiveness and the management of effective learning and teaching. Sch Eff Sch Improv. 1993;4(4):290–310.

      [70] Heck RH, Hallinger P. Testing a longitudinal model of distributed leadership effects on school improvement. Leadersh Q. 2010;21(5):867–85.

      [71] Goddard JT. Leadership in the (post) modern era. In: Bennet N, Anderson L, editors. Rethinking Educational Leadership. London: SAGE Publication; 2003. p. 11–26.

      [72] Hallinger P. Leading educational change: Reflections on the practice of instructional and transformational leadership. Cambridge J Educ. 2003;33(3):329–52.

      [73] Stronge JH. Defining the Principalship : Instructional Leaders or Middle manager. NASSP. 1993;77(553):1–7.

      [74] Goodwin RH, Cunningham ML, Childress R. The changing role of the secondary principal. NASSP Bull. 2003;87(634):26–42.

      [75] Catano N, Stronge JH. What do we expect of school principals? Congruence between principal evaluation and performance standards. Int J Leadersh Educ. 2007;10(4):379–99.

      [76] Hallinger P. Methodologies for studying school leadership: A review of 25 years of research using the principal instructioal manadement rating scale. In: Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New York. 2008. p. 48.

      [77] Leithwood K. School leadership, evidence-based decision making, and large-scale student assessment. In: Webber CF, Lupart JL, editors. Leading Student Assessment. New York and London: Springer Netherlands; 2012. p. 17–39.

      [78] Leithwood K, Patten S, Jantzi D. Testing a conception of how school leadership influences student learning. Educ Adm Q. 2010;46(5):671–706.

      [79] Lashway L. Role of the school leader: Trends and issues. Washington, DC; 2003.

      [80] Tirozzi GN. The artistry of leadership: The evolving role of the secondary school principal. Phi Delta Kappa Int. 2001;434–9.

      [81] Volante L, Cherubini L, Drake S. Examining factors that influence school administrators’ responses to large-scale assessment. Can J Educ Adm Policy. 2008;(84).

      [82] Jabatan Pendidikan Negeri Pahang. Laporan data pemantauan pengajaran dan pembelajaran dan pergerakan guru. Pahang; 2009.

      [83] Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. Memperkasakan kepimpinan instruksional di sekolah. 1st ed. Kuala Lumpur: Bahagian Sekolah, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia; 2007.

      [84] Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia 2013-2025: Laporan Tahunan 2014. Kuala Lumpur; 2015.

      [85] Jabatan Pendidikan Negeri Johor. Mesyuarat Jawatankuasa Kurikulum Negeri Johor Bilangan 03/2011. Johor; 2011.

      [86] Jabatan Pendidikan Negeri Johor. Minit Mesyuarat Jawatankuasa Kurikulum Bilangan 3/2012. Johor; 2012.

      [87] Jabatan Pendidikan Negeri Melaka. Perancangan Strategik Jabatan Pendidikan Melaka 2015-2019. Melaka; 2014.

      [88] Jabatan Pendidikan Negeri Sembilan. Pelan Strategik Jabatan Pendidikan Negeri Sembilan 2013-2015. Negeri Sembilan; 2012.

      [89] Hallinger P, Bryant D. Mapping the terrain of educational leadership and management in East Asia. J Educ Adm. 2014;51(5):618–37.

      [90] Bajunid IA. Preliminary explorations of indigenous perspectives of educational management: The evolving Malaysian experience. J Educ Adm. 1996;34(5):50–73.

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Hassan, R., Ahmad, J., & Boon, Y. (2018). Instructional Leadership in Malaysia. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(3.30), 424-432. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.30.18346