An Assessment of Coastal Vulnerability of Pahang’s Coast Due to Sea Level Rise

  • Authors

    • Fazly Amri Mohd
    • Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud
    • Othman A. Karim
    • Rawshan Ara Begum
    • Md Firoz Khan
    • Wan Shafrina Wan Mohd Jaafar
    • Sharifah Mastura Syed Abdullah
    • Mohd Ekhwan Toriman
    • Mohd Khairul Amri Kamarudin
    • Muhammad Barzani Gasim
    • Noorjima Abd Wahab
    2018-07-25
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.14.16880
  • SLR, CVI, physical variables, climate change.
  • Climate change interacts in a different way with varieties of human activities and other drivers of change along coastlines. Sea level rise (SLR) is one of the major impacts of global warming. Changes in climate extremes and SLR may impact the critical infrastructures such as coastal road, jetty and chalets as well as the local community. The population and assets exposed to coastal risks will increase significantly due to population growth, economic development and urbanization in the future. As most of the cities in Malaysia are situated near the coast, immediate actions are needed to minimize the undesired outcome due to the SLR. The main objective of this study is to identify physical variables that may have impacts on the coastal area, thus develop a coastal vulnerability index (CVI) for the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Seven (7) physical variables have been identified to assess the CVI that consists of geomorphology, coastal slope, shoreline change rate, mean significant wave height, mean tidal range, relative sea level rate and land use. A comprehensive CVI was obtained by integrating the differential weighted rank values of the variables. The outcome of this study is useful as a tool for coastal disaster management.

     

     

  • References

    1. [1] Mohamad, M. F., Lee, L. H. & Samion, M. K. H. 2014. Coastal Vulnerability Assessment towards Sustainable Management of Peninsular Malaysia Coastline. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 5(6), 533–538.

      [2] Gornitz, V. 1991. Global coastal hazards from future sea level rise. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 89(4), 379–398.

      [3] Jeofry, M. H. & Rozainah, M. Z. 2013. General observations about rising sea levels in Peninsular Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Science, 32(spec. iss.), 363–370.

      [4] Faour, Ghaleb, Fayad, Abbas, Mhawej, M. 2013. GIS-Based Approach to the Assessment of Coastal Vulnerability to Sea Level Rise : Case Study on the Eastern Mediterranean. Journal of Surveying and Mapping Engineering, 1(3), 41–48.

      [5] Wdowinski, S., Bray, R., Kirtman, B. P. & Wu, Z. 2016. Increasing flooding hazard in coastal communities due to rising sea level: Case study of Miami Beach, Florida. Ocean and Coastal Management, 126, 1–8.

      [6] Nicholls, R.J., Cazenave, A., 2010. Sea-level rise and its impact on coastal zones. Science 328, 1517-1520

      [7] El-Hattab, M. M. 2015. Improving Coastal Vulnerability Index of the Nile Delta Coastal Zone, Egypt. Journal of Earth Science & Climatic Change, 06(08), 1–7.

      [8] Sabah SA 2012. Development of Coastal Vulnerability Index for the Kingdom of Bahrain. Journal Earth Science Engineering 2: 228-236.

      [9] Gill, J. A., Anwar, A. M. & Omar K., S. 2014. Towards the implementation of continuous coastal vulnerability index in Malaysia: A review. Jurnal Teknologi, 71(4), 1–10.

      [10] Gornitz, V. M., Daniels, R. C., White, T. W., and Birdwell, K. R. 1994. The development of a coastal risk assessment database: Vulnerability to sea-level rise in the U.S. southeast. Journal of Coastal Research Special Issue No. 12: 327–338

      [11] Hammar-Klose, E.S., & Thieler, E. R. 2001. Coastal vulnerability to sea-level rise: a pre-liminary database for the US Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf of Mexico coasts. U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program. http:// http://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds68/.

      [12] Malaysian Meteorological Department, 2009. Climate Change Scenarios for Malaysia (2001–2099). Scientific report. Kuala Lumpur: Ministry of Sciences, Technology and Innovation.

      [13] Tawang, A., Ahmad, T. M. A., & Abdullahi, M. Y. 2001. Stabilization of Upland Agriculture under El Nino Induced Climatic Risk: Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures in Malaysia. Agriculture.

      [14] Azid, A., Noraini, C., Hasnam, C., Juahir, H., Amran, M. A., Toriman, M. E., Kamarudin, A., 2015. Coastal Erosion Measurement along Tanjung Lumpur to Cherok Paloh, Pahang during the Northeast Monsoon Season. Journal Teknologi, 1, 27–34.

      [15] Economic Planning Unit (EPU) 1985. National Coastal Erosion Study. Kuala Lumpur: EPU.

      [16] Ibrahim, S. 1998. Implementing MTEN’s Recommendation: Identification Mapping and Reclassification of East Coast Mangrove Forest Using Aerial Photography, Remote Sensing and Geomorphological Techniques. Agricultural Science, ii (Section 2), 241–243.

      [17] Sohl, T., & Sleeter, B. 2011. Role of Remote Sensing. Remote Sensing of Land Use and Land Cover.

      [18] Rao, P. 1992. Some Studies on Wave Prediction in Indian Seas. Martens, D. 2012. An analysis of the physical coastal system in front of East Coast Park, Singapore.

      [19] Redzwan, G., Abdul Halim, H., Alias, S. A., & Rahman, M. M. 2014. Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination at West and East Coastal Area of Peninsular Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Science, 33(1), 23–31.

      [20] Garrison, T. 2005. Oceanography: An Invitation to Marine Science. 5thed. Belmont, California: Brooks/Cole-Thomson Learning

      [21] Fredolin T. Tangang, Liew Juneng, Ester Salimun, Kwan Meng Sei, Loh Jui Le & Halimatun Muhamad. 2012. Climate Change and Variability over Malaysia : Gaps in Science and Research Information. Sains Malaysiana 41 (11): 1355–66.

      [22] Cooper, M. J. P., Beevers, M. D., & Oppenheimer, M. 2008. The potential impacts of sea level rise on the coastal region of New Jersey, USA. Climatic Change, 90(4), 475–492.

      [23] Ami Hassan, M.D. and Kamaludin, M.O. 2009. Sea Level Change in the Malaysian Seas from Multi Satellite Altimeter Data. Postgraduate Seminar of Geoinformation Science and Engineering, Skudai, Johor, pp. 1 – 21.

      [24] Church, J. A., Nichols, R., Hay, J. E., & Gornitz, 2010. Ice and Sea-level Change. Civil Engineering, 153–180

      [25] Ashok Kumar, K. Raju, N.S.N., & Sanil Kumar, 2005. Wave Characteristics off Visakhapatnam Coast during a Cyclone. Annual Report. Goa, India: National Institute of Oceanography, Ocean Engineering Division.

      [26] Suursaar, Ü. & Kullas, T. 2009. Decadal variations in wave heights off Cape Kelba, Saaremaa Island, and their relationships with changes in wind climate. Oceanologia, 51(1), 39–61

      [27] Mat Amin, A. R., Ahmad, F., Mamat, M., Rivaie, M., & Abdullah, K. 2012. Sediment Variation along the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Ecological Questions, 16(1), 99–107.

      [28] Fazly Amri Mohd, Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud, Othman A. Karim, Muhammad Afiq Ibrahim, Yannie Anak Benson & Ahmad Khairi Abd. Wahab. 2018. Integration of Geospatial Method and Hydrodynamic Modelling to Study the Impact of Sea Level Rise on the Coastal Area. Jurnal Kejuruteraan, 30(1), 76–88.

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Amri Mohd, F., Nizam Abdul Maulud, K., A. Karim, O., Ara Begum, R., Firoz Khan, M., Shafrina Wan Mohd Jaafar, W., Mastura Syed Abdullah, S., Ekhwan Toriman, M., Khairul Amri Kamarudin, M., Barzani Gasim, M., & Abd Wahab, N. (2018). An Assessment of Coastal Vulnerability of Pahang’s Coast Due to Sea Level Rise. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(3.14), 176-180. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.14.16880