Sorption of lead from aqueous system using cocoa pod husk biochar: kinetic and isotherm studies

  • Authors

    • Soon Kong Yong
    • Jesielyna Leyom
    • Chia Chay Tay
    • Suhaimi Abdul Talib
    2018-07-21
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.11.16017
  • Carbon, complexation, heavy metals, pyrolysis, solid waste management.
  • Cocoa pod husk (CPH) was pyrolyzed at 500°C to produce biochar (CPHB) for sorption of lead (Pb) from aqueous system. Chemical characterization for CPHB was conducted using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Boehm titration and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. Sorption parameters for CPHB (i.e., sorbent dosage, pH, contact time, and Pb concentration) were optimized. Elemental compositions for CPHB are C (66% w/w), O (19% w/w), and N (2% w/w). The ash of CPHB consists of calcium oxide (CaO) (4.6% w/w) and potassium oxide (K2O) (4.2% w/w), with negligible amount of heavy metals (1% w/w). Upon treatment with artificial Pb wastewater, FTIR spectra for CPHB revealed shifting of nasymm(COO-) and nsymm(COO-) bands from 1560 cm-1 to 1575 cm-1 and 1416 cm-1 to 1398 cm-1, respectively. The optimum sorption parameters were determined (i.e., sorbent dosage: 1.0 g/L; pH 5; input Pb concentration; 50 mg/L; and sorption time: 210 minutes). Sorption of Pb by CPHB was best described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2= 0.835), and Langmuir isotherm model (R2= 0.962). Maximum Langmuir Pb sorption capacity for CPHB (qmax) was 69.9 mg/g. These findings suggested that the sorption of Pb by CPHB may have occurred through (1) coordination with polar groups (i.e., carboxylate and phenolate) and (2) precipitation with alkaline materials (i.e., CaO and K2O).

     

     

  • References

    1. lang=TR style='mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;mso-ansi-language:TR'>
    2. style='mso-element:field-begin'>
    3. style='mso-spacerun:yes'> ADDIN EN.REFLIST
    4. field-separator'>[1] S. Kathirvale, M.N.M. Yunus, K. Sopian & A.H. Samsuddin, Energy potential from municipal solid waste in Malaysia. Renewable energy 29 (2004) 559-567.

      [2] L.A. Manaf, M.A.A. Samah & N.I.M. Zukki, Municipal solid waste management in Malaysia: Practices and challenges. Waste Management 29 (2009) 2902-2906.

      [3] G. Cruz, M. Pirilä, M. Huuhtanen, et al., Production of activated carbon from cocoa (Theobroma cacao) pod husk. J Civil Environment Engg 2 (2012) 1-6.

      [4] V.O. Njoku, Biosorption potential of cocoa pod husk for the removal of Zn(II) from aqueous phase. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering II (2014) 881-887.

      [5] B.P. Singh, A.L. Cowie & R.J. Smernik, Biochar Carbon Stability in a Clayey Soil As a Function of Feedstock and Pyrolysis Temperature. Environmental Science & Technology 46 (2012) 11770-11778.

      [6] S.L. Goertzen, K.D. Thériault, A.M. Oickle, A.C. Tarasuk & H.A. Andreas, Standardization of the Boehm titration. Part I. CO2 expulsion and endpoint determination. Carbon 48 (2010) 1252-1261.

      [7] Z. Wang, G. Liu, H. Zheng, et al., Investigating the mechanisms of biochar’s removal of lead from solution. Bioresource Technology 177 (2015) 308-317.

      [8] W. Lewandowski, M. Kalinowska & H. Lewandowska, The influence of metals on the electronic system of biologically important ligands. Spectroscopic study of benzoates, salicylates, nicotinates and isoorotates. Review. Journal of inorganic biochemistry 99 (2005) 1407-1423.

      [9] X.-H. Guan, G.-H. Chen & C. Shang, ATR-FTIR and XPS study on the structure of complexes formed upon the adsorption of simple organic acids on aluminum hydroxide. Journal of Environmental Sciences 19 (2007) 438-443.

      [10] K. Mohammad, The use of various types of NMR and IR spectroscopy for structural characterization of chitin and chitosan, Chitin, Chitosan, Oligosaccharides and Their Derivatives. London: CRC Press, 2010. 149-170.

      [11] S.K. Yong, N. Bolan, E. Lombi & W. Skinner, Synthesis and characterization of thiolated chitosan beads for removal of Cu(II) and Cd(II) from wastewater. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 224 (2013) 1-12.

      [12] B. Olu-owolabi, O. Pputu, K. Adebowale, O. Ogunsolu & O. Olujimi, Biosorption of Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions onto mango stone and cocoa pod waste: kinetic and equilibrium studies. Sci Res Essays 7 (2012) 1614-1629.

      [13] N. Meunier, J. Laroulandie, J.F. Blais & R.D. Tyagi, Cocoa shells for heavy metal removal from acidic solutions. Bioresource Technology 90 (2003) 255-263.

      [14] G. Issabayeva, M.K. Aroua & N.M.N. Sulaiman, Removal of lead from aqueous solutions on palm shell activated carbon. Bioresource Technology 97 (2006) 2350-2355.

      [15] S. Abdel-Halim, A. Shehata & M. El-Shahat, Removal of lead ions from industrial waste water by different types of natural materials. Water Research 37 (2003) 1678-1683.

      [16] G. Yuvaraja, N. Krishnaiah, M.V. Subbaiah & A. Krishnaiah, Biosorption of Pb (II) from aqueous solution by Solanum melongena leaf powder as a low-cost biosorbent prepared from agricultural waste. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 114 (2014) 75-81.

      [17] M. Martínez, N. Miralles, S. Hidalgo, et al., Removal of lead (II) and cadmium (II) from aqueous solutions using grape stalk waste. Journal of Hazardous Materials 133 (2006) 203-211.

      [18] S. Quek, D. Wase & C. Forster, The use of sago waste for the sorption of lead and copper. Water Sa 24 (1998) 251-256.

      [19] M. Riaz, R. Nadeem, M.A. Hanif & T.M. Ansari, Pb (II) biosorption from hazardous aqueous streams using Gossypium hirsutum (Cotton) waste biomass. Journal of Hazardous Materials 161 (2009) 88-94.

      [20] C.-C. Tay, A.-M. Muda, S. Abdul-Talib, M.-F. Ab-Jalil & N. Othman, The half saturation removal approach and mechanism of Lead (II) removal using eco-friendly industrial fish bone meal waste biosorbent. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 18 (2016) 541-551.

      [21] B. Olu-Owolabi, O. Oputu, K. Adebowale, O. Ogonsolu & O. Olujimi, Biosorption of Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions onto mango stone and cocoa pod waste: kinetic and equilibrium studies. Sci. Res. Essays 7 (2012) 1614-1629.

      [22] S.E. Samra, B. Jeragh, A.M. EL-Nokrashy & A.A. El-Asmy, Biosorption of Pb2+ from natural water using date pits: a green chemistry approach. Modern Chemistry & Applications (2014).

    5. mso-fareast-font-family:Batang;mso-ansi-language:TR;mso-fareast-language:KO;
    6. mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'>
  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Kong Yong, S., Leyom, J., Chay Tay, C., & Abdul Talib, S. (2018). Sorption of lead from aqueous system using cocoa pod husk biochar: kinetic and isotherm studies. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(3.11), 241-244. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.11.16017