Trend analysis using mann-kendall, sen's slope estimator test and innovative trend analysis method in Yangtze river basin, china: review

  • Authors

    • Rawshan Othman. Ali aCollege of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
    • Shadan Rashid Abubaker 3Department of Environmental Engineering, college of Engineering, Knowledge University, Erbil 44001,Kurdistan, Iraq.
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.29591

    Received date: July 4, 2019

    Accepted date: July 12, 2019

    Published date: July 31, 2019

  • Flow, Mann Kendall (MK), Sen’s Method and Åžen’s Innovative Trend Method (ITM), Yangtze River, China.
  • Abstract

    Trend analysis of mean monthly flows is fundamental for better water resources management and planning in this study, Mann Kendall (MK), Sen's Method and Şen's Innovative trend method (ITM) were utilized so as to analyze the possible trends of annual and seasonal flows. In this study, trends of flow of the Yangtze River were reviewed on in seasonal and annual time series utilizing the Mann-Kendall (MK) test, Sen's slope estimator, and innovative trend method (ITM). That is why, the monthly flow information will gather in the stations of Yangtze River Basin. In any case, the seasonal and annual warming magnitudes showed large regional differences, and a higher warming rate was identified in the eastern YRB and the western source area of the Yangtze River on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). In general, a warming wetting trend was identified in the south-eastern and north-western YRB, while there was a warming-drying trend in a middle region. The developed maps of spatial variability of flow trends may help the stakeholders and/or water resource managers to figure out the risk and vulnerability related to climate change in the study region.

  • References

    1. Abdi A, Hassanzadeh Y, Talatahari S, Fakheri-Fard A, Mirabbasi Rn (2017) Regional drought frequency analysis using L-moments and adjusted charged system search. J Hydroinf 19(3):426–442. https:// doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2016.228
    2. Ahmad, I., Tang, D., Wang, T., Wang, M., Wagan, B., (2015). Precipitation trends over time using Mann-Kendall and Spearman's rho tests in Swat River basin, Pakistan. Adv. Meteorol. 2015.
    3. Ahmadi F, Nazeri Tahroudi M, Mirabbasi R, Khalili K, Jhajharia D (2017) Spatiotemporal trend and abrupt change analysis of temperature in Iran. Meteorol Appl 25(2):314–321. https://doi.org/10. 1002/met.1694
    4. Ali, R., Chunju, Z., Yihon, Z., & Nawaz, N. (2018). The Challenges of Water Resources Availability and Development in Huai River Basin, Chi-na. Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 25(3), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.9734/CJAST/2017/38191
    5. Ali, R., & Heryansyah, A. (2018). WATERSHED RETENTION CAPACITY APPROACH FOR IDENTIFYING WATER RESOURCE PROBLEMS-CASE STUDY FROM MALAYSIA. Polytechnic Journal, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.25156/ptj.2018.8.1.97
    6. Ali, R.; Ismael, A.; Heryansyah, A.; Nawaz, N. Long Term Historic Changes in the Flow of Lesser Zab River, Iraq. Hydrology 2019, 6, 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology6010022
    7. Ali RO, Abubaker SR, Islam S. Overview effect of three gorges reservoir on the changing water temperature in the Yangtze river, China. Int J Hy-dro. 2019;3(3):230‒237. DOI: 10.15406/ijh.2019.03.00185
    8. Amirataee B, Montaseri M, Sanikhani H (2016) The analysis of trend variations of reference evapotranspiration via eliminating the significance ef-fect of all autocorrelation coefficients. Theor Appl Climatol 126(1–2):131–139
    9. Ay M, Kisi O (2015) Investigation of trend analysis of monthly total precipitation by an innovative method. Theor Appl Climatol 120: 617–629
    10. BalasmehOA, Babbar R, Karmaker T (2019) Trend analysis and ARIMA modeling for forecasting precipitation pattern inWadi Shueib catchment area in Jordan. Arab J Geosci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-018-4205-z
    11. Bellu A, Sanches Fernandes LF, Cortes RMV, Pacheco FAL (2016) A framework model for the dimensioning and allocation of a detention basin system: the case of a flood-prone mountainous watershed. J Hydrol 533:567–580
    12. Birara H, Pandey RP, Mishra SK (2018) Trend and variability analysis of rainfall and temperature in the Tana basin region, Ethiopia. J Water Clim Chang. https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2018.080
    13. Bisht DS, Chatterjee C, Raghuwanshi NS, Sridhar V (2018) Spatiotemporal trends of rainfall across Indian river basins. Theor Appl Climatol 132:419–436
    14. Brunsell NA, Jones AR, Jackson TL, Feddema JJ (2010) Seasonal trends in air temperature and precipitation in IPCC AR4 GCM output for Kan-sas, USA: evaluation and implications. Int J Climatol 30(8): 1178–1193
    15. Callaghan, T.V., Johansson, M., Brown, R.D., Groisman, P.Y., Labba, N., Radionov, V., Bradley, R.S., Blangy, S., Bulygina, O.N., Christensen, T.R., Colman, J.E., Essery, R.L.H., Forbes, B.C., Forchhammer, M.C., Golubev, V.N., Honrath, R.E., Juday, G.P., Meshcherskaya, A.V., Phoenix, G.K., Pomeroy, J., Rautio, A., Robinson, D.A., Schmidt, N.M., Serreze, M.C., Shevchenko, V.P., Shiklomanov, A.I., Shmakin, A.B., Sköld, P., Sturm, M., Woo, M.K., Wood, E.F.,( 2011). Multiple effects of changes in arctic snow cover. Ambio 40, 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-011-0213-x.
    16. Caloiero, T., Coscarelli, R., Ferrari, E., Mancini, M., 2011. Trend detection of annual and seasonal rainfall in Calabria (Southern Italy). Int. J. Clima-tol. 31 (1), 44–56.
    17. Ceribasi, G., Dogan, E., Sonmez, O., (2013). Evaluation of Sakarya River streamflow and sediment transport with rainfall using trend analysis. Fresenius Environ. Bull. 22 (3A), 846–852.
    18. Chakraborty S, Pandey RP, Chaube UC, Mishra SK (2013) Trend and variability analysis of rainfall series at Seonath River basin, Chhattisgarh (India). Int J Appl Sci Eng Res 2(4):425–434
    19. Chang X, Xu Z, Zhao G, Cheng T, Song S (2017) Spatial and temporal variations of precipitation during 1979–2015 in Jinan City, China. J Water Clim. https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2017.029
    20. Chen, J., Wu, X.D., Finlayson, B.L., Webber, M., Wei, T.Y., Li, M.T., Chen, Z.Y., (2014). Variability and trend in the hydrology of the Yangtze River, China: annual precipitation and runoff. J. Hydrol. 513, 403–412.
    21. Chen, P.C., Wang, Y.H., You, G.J.Y., Wei, C.C., (2017). Comparison of methods for nonstationary hydrologic frequency analysis: case study us-ing annual maximum daily precipitation in Taiwan. J. Hydrol. 545, 197–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.12.001
    22. Costa, A.C., Santos, J.A., Pinto, J.G., (2012). Climate change scenarios for precipitation extremes in Portugal. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 108, 217–234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-011-0528-3.
    23. Cui L, Wang L, Lai Z, Tian Q, Liu W, Li J (2017) Innovative trend analysis of annual and seasonal air temperature and rainfall in the Yangtze River basin, China during 1960-2015. J Atmos Sol Terr Phys 164:48–59
    24. Dabanlı I, Sen Z, Yeleğen MO, Şişman E, Selek B, Güçlü YS (2016) Trend assessment by the innovative-Şen method. Water Resour Manag 30(14):5193–5203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-016-1478-4
    25. De Martino G, Fontana N, Marini G, Singh V (2013) Variability and trend in seasonal precipitation in the continental United States. J Hydrol Eng 18(6):630–640. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000677
    26. Demir V, Kisi O (2016) Comparison of Mann-Kendall and innovative trend method (Şen trend) for monthly total precipitation (Middle Black Sea Region, Turkey). 3rd International Balkans Conference on Challenges of Civil Engineering, 3-BCCCE, 19–21 May 2016, Epoka University, Tirana, Albania
    27. Dhorde AG, Korade MS, Dhorde AA (2017) Spatial distribution of temperature trends and extremes overMaharashtra and Karnataka states of In-dia. Theor Appl Climatol 130:191–204
    28. Ding, Y.H., Chan, J.C.L., (2005). The East Asian summer monsoon: an overview. Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. 89 (1), 117–142.
    29. Dinpashoh Y, Mirabbasi R, Jhajharia D, Abianeh HZ, Mostafaeipour A (2014) Effect of short-term and long-term persistence on identification of temporal trends. J Hydrol Eng 19(3):617–625
    30. Dinpashoh Y, Singh VP, Biazar SM, Kavehka S (2019) Impact of climate change on streamflow timing (case study: Guilan Province). Theor Appl Climatol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s0070401902810-2
    31. Douglas, E.M., Vogel, R.M., Kroll, C.N., 2000. Trends in floods and low flows in the United States: impact of spatial correlation. J. Hydrol. 240, 90–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S00221694(00)00336-X.
    32. Duhan, D., Pandey, A., 2013. Statistical analysis of long term spatial and temporal trends of precipitation during 1901–2002 at Madhya Pradesh, India. Atmos. Res. 122,136–149.
    33. Elouissi, A., Şen, Z., Habi, M., (2016). Algerian rainfall innovative trend analysis and its implications to Macta watershed. Arab. J. Geosci. 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ s12517-016-2325-x.
    34. Eslamian, S., L. K., H.R.,( 2011). Climate change detection and modeling in hydrology, in: climate change - research and Technology for Adapta-tion and Mitigation. INTECH. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/24550.
    35. Friedlingstein, P., Liu, C.Z., Tan, K., Yu, Y.Q., Zhang, T.Y., Fang, J.Y., (2010). The impacts of climate change on water resources and agriculture in China. Nature 467, 4351.
    36. Gajbhiye S, Meshram C, Mirabbasi R, Sharma SK (2016) Trend analysis of rainfall time series for Sindh River basin in India. Theor Appl Climatol 125:593–608. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-015-1529-4
    37. Gajbhiye S,Meshram C, Mirabbasi R, Sharma SK (2015) Trend analysis of rainfall time series for Sindh river basin in India. Theor Appl Climatol 125:593–608
    38. Gajbhiye, S., Meshram, C., Singh, S.K., Srivastava, P.K., Islam, T., (2016). Precipitation trend analysis of Sindh River basin, India, from 102-year record (1901-2002). Atmos. Sci. Lett. 17, 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asl.602.
    39. Ge, Q.S., Wang, F., Luterbacher, J., (2013). Improved estimation of mean warming trend of China from 1951-2010 based on satellite observed land-use data. Clim. Change 121, 365–379.
    40. Gemmer, M., Fischer, T., Jiang, T., Su, B., Liu, L.L., (2011). Trends in precipitation extremes in the Zhujiang River basin, south China. J. Clim. 24 (3), 750–761.
    41. Gerten, D., Rost, S., von Bloh, W., Lucht, W., (2008). Causes of change in 20th century global river discharge. Geophys. Res. Lett. 35 (20), 1–5.
    42. Guan, Y.H., Zhang, X.C., Zheng, F.L., Wang, B., (2015). Trends and variability of daily temperature extremes during 1960-2012 in the Yangtze River Basin, China. Glob. Planet. Change 124, 79–94.
    43. Güçlü YS (2018) Multiple Sen-innovative trend analyses and partial Mann-Kendall test. J Hydrol 566:685–704
    44. Guo Jun, Ren Guoyu, (2005). Recent change of pan evaporation and possible climate factors over the Huang–Huai–Hai watershed, China. Advanc-es in Water Science, 16(5): 666–672. (in Chinese)
    45. Haktanir, T., Citakoglu, H., (2014). Trend, independence, stationarity, and homogeneity tests on maximum rainfall series of standard durations rec-orded in Turkey. J. Hydrol. Eng. 19, 05014009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000973.
    46. Hamed KH (2008) Trend detection in hydrologic data: theMann-Kendall trend test under the scaling hypothesis. J Hydrol 349:350–363
    47. Helsel, D.R., Hirsch, R.M., 1992. Statistical Methods in Water Resources. Elsevier.
    48. Ijaz Ahmad, Fan Zhang, Muhammad Tayyab, Muhammad Naveed Anjum, Muhammad Zaman, Junguo Liu, Hafiz Umar Farid, Qaisar Saddique.(2018). Spatiotemporal analysis of precipitation variability in annual, seasonal and extreme values over upper Indus River basin. Atmos-pheric Research 213 (2018) 346–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.06.019
    49. IPCC (2013) Summary for policymakers. In: Stocker TF, Qin D, Plattner GK, Tignor M, Allen SK, Boschung J, Nauels A, Xia Y, Bex V, Midgley PM (eds) Climate change 2013: the physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA
    50. Jhajharia D, Dinpashoh Y, Kahya E, Choudhary RR, Singh VP (2014) Trends in temperature over Godavari River basin in Southern Peninsular In-dia. Int J Climatol 34(5):1369–1384
    51. Jin, K.J., Wang, F., Chen, D.L., Jiao, Q., Xia, L., Fleskens, L., Mu, X.M., (2015). Assessment of urban effect on observed warming trends during 1955–2012 over China: a case of 45 cities. Clim. Change 132 (4), 631–643.
    52. Jonsdottir, J.F., Uvo, C.B., Clarke, R.T., (2008). Trend analysis in Icelandic discharge, temperature and precipitation series by parametric methods. Hydrol. Res. 39 (5–6), 425–436
    53. Kabanda T (2018) Long-term rainfall trends over the Tanzania coast. Atm. 9(155):1–12
    54. Karl, T.R., (1998). Regional trends and variations of temperature and precipitation. In: Watson, R.T., Zyinyowera, M.C., Moss, R.H. (Eds.),
    55. Kazmierczak, B., Kotowski, A., Wdowikowski, M.,( 2014). Trend analysis of annual and The Regional Impacts of Climate Change, an Assessment of Vulnerability. IPCC, Cambridge University Press, pp. 411–437.
    56. Kendall MG (1975) Rank correlation measures. Charles Griffin, London
    57. Khatiwada KR, Panthi J, Shrestha ML, Nepal S (2016) Hydro-climatic variability in the Karnali River basin of Nepal Himalaya. Climate 4(17):1–14
    58. Kisi O, AyM(2014) Comparison of Mann–Kendall and innovative trend method for water quality parameters of the Kizilirmak River, Turkey. J Hydrol 513:362–375
    59. Kisi O, Santos CAG, Silva RMD, Zounemat-Kermani M (2018) Trend analysis of monthly streamflows using Şen’s innovative trend method. Geofizika 35(1):53–68
    60. Kisi, O., 2015. An innovative method for trend analysis of monthly pan evaporations. J. Hydrol. 527, 1123–1129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.06.009.
    61. Koutsoyiannis D, Montanari A (2007) Spatial analysis of hydroclimatic time series: uncertainty and insights. Water Resour Res 43(5): W05429 1-9
    62. Kumar S, Machiwal D, Dayal D (2017) Spatial modelling of rainfall trends using satellite datasets and geographic information system. Hydrol Sci J 62(10):1–18
    63. Kumar S, Merwade V, Kam J, Thurner K (2009) Streamflow trends in Indiana: effects of long term persistence, precipitation and subsurface drains. J Hydrol 374(1):171–183
    64. Kumar V, Jain SK (2010) Rainfall trend in Ganga-Brahmputra-Meghna River basins of India (1951-2004). Hydrol J 33:59–66
    65. Kurane, I., (2010). The effect of global warming on infectious diseases. Publ. Health Res. Perspect. 1 (1), 4–9
    66. Li Q, Yu M, Lu G, Cai T, Bai X, Xia Z. (2011). Impacts of the Gezhouba and Three Gorges reservoirs on the sediment regime in the Yangtze Riv-er, China. Journal of Hydrology 403(3): 224-233.
    67. Lifang Cui , Lunche Wang, Zhongping Lai , Qing Tian , Wen Liu , Jun Li .(2017). Innovative trend analysis of annual and seasonal air temperature and rainfall in the Yangtze River Basin, China during 1960–2015. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 164 (2017) 48 59http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2017.08.001
    68. Liu Bo. Ma Zhuguo, Ding Yuguo, (2006). Characteristics of the changes in pan evaporation over northern China nduring the past 45 years and the relations to environment factors. Plateau Meteorology, 25(5): 840–848. (in Chinese)
    69. LIU Min, SHEN Yanjun, ZENG Yan, LIU Changming. (2010). Trend in pan evaporation and its attribution over the past 50 years in China, J. Ge-ogr. Sci. 2010, 20(4): 557-568 DOI: 10.1007/s11442-010-0557-3
    70. Machiwal D, Gupta A, Jha MK, Kamble T (2018) Analysis of trend in temperature and rainfall time series of an Indian arid region: comparative evaluation of salient techniques. Theor Appl Climatol.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-018-2487-4
    71. Machiwal D, Jha MK (2017) Evaluating persistence and identifying trends and abrupt changes in monthly and annual rainfalls of a semi-arid region in Western India. Theor Appl Climatol 128:689– 708
    72. Mann HB (1945) Nonparametric test against trend. Econometrica 13: 245–259
    73. Markus, M., Demissie, M., Short, M.B., Verma, S., Cooke, R.A., (2014). Sensitivity analysis of annual nitrate loads and the corresponding trends in the lower Illinois River. J. Hydrol. Eng. 19, 533–543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.
    74. Martínez-Austria, P.F., Bandala, E.R., Patino-G_omez, C., 2015. Temperature and heat wave trends in northwest Mexico. Phys. Chem. Earth 91, 20–26.
    75. Martínez-Austria, P.F., Bandala, E.R., Patiño-Gómez, C., (2016). Temperature and heat wave trends in Northwest Mexico. Phys. Chem. Earth 91, 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.pce.2015.07.005.
    76. Meshram SG, Singh VP, Meshram C (2017) Long-term trend and variability of precipitation in Chhattisgarh State, India. Theor Appl Climatol 129:729–744
    77. Milliman, J.D., Farnsworth, K.L., (2011). River Discharge to the Coastal Ocean: a Global Synthesis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    78. Mohorji AM, Şen Z, Almazroui M (2017) Trend analyses revision and global monthly temperature innovative multi-duration analysis. Earth Syst Environ. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-017-0014-x
    79. Nazeri Tahroudi M, Khalili K, Ahmadi F, Mirabbasi R, Jhajharia D (2018) Development and application of a new index for analyzing patterns and temporal variability of dryness/wetness in the Yangtze River Basin, China. Quat. Int. 282, 5–13.
    80. Onyutha, C., (2016). Identification of sub-trends from hydro-meteorological series. Stoch. Env. Res. Risk A. 30, 189–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00477-015-1070-0
    81. Othman Ali R, Chunju Z, Yihon Z, et al. The effects of human activities, climatic conditions and land-use factors on water resources development in huai river basin northeast china. Int J Hydro. 2018;2(2):107–114. DOI: 10.15406/ijh.2018.02.00059.
    82. OuatikiH, Boudhar A, Ouhinou A, AriouaA, Hssaisoune M, Bouamri H, Benabdelouahab T (2019) Trend analysis of rainfall and drought over the Oum Er-Rbia River basin in Morocco during 1970–2010. Arab J Geosci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-019-4300-9
    83. Öztopal A, Sen Z (2017) Innovative trend methodology applications to precipitation records in Turkey. Water Resour Manag 31(3):727– 737. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-016-1343-5
    84. Pal I, Al-Tabbaa A (2009) Trends in seasonal precipitation extremes: an indicator of climate change in Kerala, India. J Hydrol 367(1–2):62–69
    85. Pal, I., Al-Tabbaa, A., (2011). Assessing seasonal precipitation trends in India using parametric and non-parametric statistical techniques. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 103, 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-010-0277-8
    86. Partal, T., Kahya, E., 2006. Trend analysis in Turkish precipitation data. Hydrol. Process. 20, 2011–2026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5993.
    87. Phuong DND, Linh VT, Nhat TT, Dung HM, Loi NK (2018) Spatiotemporal variability of annual and seasonal rainfall time series in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. J Water and Clim Change. https:// doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2018.115
    88. Piao, S.L., Ciais, P., Huang, Y., Shen, Z.H., Peng, S.S., Li, J.S., Zhou, L.P., Liu, H.Y., Ding, Y.H., Pingale, S.M., Khare, D., Jat, M.K., Ada-mowski, J., (2014). Spatial and temporal trends of mean and extreme rainfall and temperature for the 33 urban centers of the arid and semi-arid state of Rajasthan, India. Atmos. Res. 138, 73–90.
    89. Pingale SM, Khare D, JatMK, Adamowski J (2014) Spatial and temporal trends ofmean and extreme rainfall and temperature for the 33 urban cen-ters of the arid and semi-arid state of Rajasthan, India. Atm Res 138:73–90
    90. Qiu Xinfa, Liu Changming, Zeng Yan, (2003). Changes of pan evaporation in the recent 40 years over the Yellow River Basin. Journal of Natural Resources, 18(4): 437–442. (in Chinese)
    91. Rawshan Othman Ali, Arez Mohammed Ismael, Muhammad Arif Mengal, Nadeem Nawaz and Arien Heryansyah, (2019). Influences of Three Gorges Dam on Flow Regime of Yangtze River, China. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 14: 5899-5905. DOI: 10.3923/jeasci.2019.5899.5905
    92. Rawshan Othman Ali, Arien Heryansyah, Nadeem Nawaz.(2018). Impact of climatic change on water resources in Huia river basin, China. Interna-tional Journal of Engineering & Technology. 2018;7(4):2225–2230. DOI: 10.14419/ijet.v7i4.15788
    93. Ray LK, Goel NK, Arora M (2019) Trend analysis and change point detection of temperature over parts of India. Theor Appl Climatol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-019-02819-7
    94. Ren, G.Y., Ren, Y.Y., Zhan, Y.J., Sun, X.B., Liu, Y.J., Chen, Y., Wang, T., 2015. Spatial and temporal patterns of precipitation variability over mainland China:Ⅱ. recent trends. Adv. water Sci. 26 (4), 451–465 (in Chinese).
    95. Şen Z (2012) An innovative trend analysis methodology. J Hydrol Eng 17(9):1042–1046
    96. Şen Z (2014) Trend identification simulation and application. J Hydrol Eng 19(3):635–642
    97. Şen Z (2017) Innovative trend significance test and applications. Theor Appl Climatol 127:939 947
    98. Şen Z (2017a) Hydrological trend analysis with innovative and overwhitening procedures. Hydrol Sci J 62(2):294–305. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2016.1222533
    99. Şen Z (2017b) Innovative trend significance test and applications. Theor Appl Climatol 127:939–947. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-015- 1681-x
    100. Şen Z (2018) Crossing trend analysis methodology and application for Turkish rainfall records. Theor Appl Climatol 131:285–293
    101. Sen, P.K., 1968. Estimates of the regression coefficient based on Kendall's tau. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 63, 1379–1389.
    102. Sen, Z., (2012.) Innovative trend analysis methodology. J. Hydrol. Eng. 17, 1042–1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000556.
    103. Şen, Z., (2014). Trend identification simulation and application. J. Hydrol. Eng. 19, 635–642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000811.
    104. Shen, D., Varis, O., 2001. Climate change in China. Ambio 30 (6), 381–383.
    105. Some’e BS, Ezani A, Tabari H (2012) Spatiotemporal trends and change point of precipitation in Iran. Atmos Res 113:1–12
    106. Sonali P, Kumar DN (2016) Spatio-temporal variability of temperature and potential evapotranspiration over India. J Water Clim Chang 7(4):810–822
    107. Sun, Q., Kong, D., Miao, C., Duan, Q., Yang, T., Ye, A., Di, Z., Gong, W., (2014). Variation in global temperature and precipitation for the period of 1948 to 2010. Environ. Monit. Assess. 186 (9), 5663–5679. temperature concentration for Iran’s climate. Int J Environ Sci Technol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-018-1739-2
    108. Suryavanshi S, Pandey A, ChaubeUC, JoshiN(2014) Long-termhistoric changes in climatic variables of Betwa Basin, India. Theor Appl Climatol 117:403–418
    109. Tabari H, Willems P (2015) Investigation of streamflow variation using an innovative trend analysis approach in Northwest Iran. The 36th IAHR World Congress, 28 June–3 July, 2015, The Hague, the Netherlands
    110. Tabari, H., Marofi, S., Aeini, A., Talaee, P.H., Mohammadi, K., 2011. Trend analysis of reference evapotranspiration in the western half of Iran. Agric. For. Meteorol. 151 (2), 128–136.
    111. Terêncio DPS, Sanches Fernandes LF, Cortes RMV, Moura JP, Pacheco FAL (2018) Rainwater harvesting in catchments for agro-forestry uses: a study focused on the balance between sustainability values and storage capacity. Sci Total Environ 613-614:1079–1092
    112. Terêncio DPS, Sanches Fernandes LF, CortesRMV, Pacheco FAL (2017) Improved framework model to allocate optimal rainwater harvesting sites in small watersheds for agro-forestry uses. J Hydrol 550:318– 330
    113. Tian, Q., Prange, M., Merkel, U., (2016). Precipitation and temperature changes in the major Chinese river basins during1957-2013 and links to sea surface temperature. J. Hydrol.536, 208–221.
    114. Tosunoglu, F., Kisi, O., (2017). Trend analysis of maximum hydrologic drought variables using Mann-Kendall and Şen's innovative trend method. River Res. Appl. 33, 597–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.3106.
    115. Trenberth, K.E., (2011). Changes in precipitation with climate change. Clim. Res. 47, 123–138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/cr00953.
    116. Von Storch, H., 1999. Misuses of Statistical Analysis in Climate Research. In: Analysis of Climate Variability. Springer, pp. 11–26.
    117. Wang SJ, Jiao ST, Xin HJ (2013) Spatio-temporal characteristics of temperature and precipitation in Sichuan Province, southwestern China, 1960-2009. Quat Int 286:103–115
    118. Wang, L., Chen, Y., Niu, Y., Salazar, G., Gon, W., (2017). Analysis of atmospheric turbidity in clear skies at Wuhan, Central China. J. Earth Sci. 28 (4), 729–738.
    119. Wang, Y.Q., Zhou, L., (2005). Observed trends in extreme precipitation events in China during 1961-2001 and the associated changes in large-scale circulation. Geophys. Res. Lett. 32, L09707.
    120. Westra, S., Alexander, L.V., Zwiers, F.W., (2013). Global increasing trends in annual maximum daily precipitation. J. Clim. 26 (11), 3904–3918.
    121. Wu H, Li X, Qian H (2018) Detection of anomalies and changes of rainfall in the Yellow River basin, China, through two graphical methods. Wa-ter. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10010015
    122. Wu H, Qian H (2017) Innovative trend analysis of annual and seasonal rainfall and extreme values in Shaanxi, China, since the 1950s. Int J Clima-tol 37(5):2582–2592. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4866
    123. Wu, H., Qian, H., 2016. Innovative trend analysis of annual and seasonal rainfall and extreme values in Shanxi, China, since the 1950s. Int. J. Cli-matol. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1002/joc.4866.
    124. Wu, P., Christidis, N., Stott, P., (2013). Anthropogenic impact on Earth's hydrological cycle. Nat. Clim. Chang. 3, 807–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1932.
    125. Xu, C. yu, Gong, L., Jiang, T., Chen, D., Singh, V.P., (2006). Analysis of spatial distribution and temporal trend of reference evapotranspiration and pan evaporation in Changjiang (Yangtze River) catchment. J. Hydrol. 327, 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.11.029.
    126. Yan T, Shen Z, Bai J (2017) Spatial and temporal changes in temperature, precipitation, and streamflow in the Miyun Reservoir Basin of China. Water 9(2):78. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9020078
    127. Yang S, Zhao Q, Belkin IM. (2002). Temporal variation in the sediment load of the Yangtze River and the influences of human activities. Journal of Hydrology 263(1): 56-71.
    128. Yang, S.L., Milliman, J.D., Xu, K.H., Deng, B., Zhang, X.Y., Luo, X.X., 2014. Downstream sedimentary and geomorphic impacts of the three gorges dam on the Yangtze River. Earth Sci. Rev. 138, 469–486.
    129. Yenigün, K., Gümüş, V. and Bulut, H. (2008): Trends in streamflow of the Euphrates basin, Turkey, Water Management, 161, 189–198, DOI: 10.1680/wama.2008.161.4.189.
    130. Yu D, Chen L, Sun S, Rao C, Chen C. 2012. Temporal and Spatial Feature of Area Rainfall in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River. Arid Mete-orology 30(4): 563-569.
    131. Yu, M., Li, Q., Hayes, M.J., Svobodab, M.D., Heim, R.R., (2014). Are droughts becoming more frequent or severe in China based on the Standard-ized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index: 1951–2010? Int. J. Climatol. 34 (3), 545–558.
    132. Yue S, Wang C (2004) The Mann-Kendall test modified by effective sample size to detect trend in serially correlated hydrological series. Water Resour Manag 18:201–218
    133. Yue, S., Pilon, P., Cavadias, G., 2002. Power of the Mann–Kendall and Spearman's rho tests for detecting monotonic trends in hydrological series. J. Hydrol. 259, 254–271
    134. Zamani R, Mirabbasi R, Abdollahi S, Jhajharia D (2017) Streamflow trend analysis by considering autocorrelation structure, long-term persistence and Hurst coefficient in a semi-arid region of Iran. Theor Appl Climatol 129(1–2):33–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-016-17474
    135. Zamani R, Mirabbasi R, Nazeri M, Gajbhiye Meshram S, Ahmadi F(2018) Spatio-temporal analysis of daily, seasonal and annual precipitation con-centration in Jharkhand state, India. Stoch Env Resn Risk A 43(4):1085–1097. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-017-1447-3
    136. Zhang Q, Xu CY, Zhang Z, Chen YD, Liu CL (2008) Spatial and temporal variability of precipitation maxima during 1960-2005 in the Yangtze River basin and possible association with large-scale circulation. J Hydrol 353(3):215227
    137. Zhang, Q., Jiang, T., Gemmer, M., Becker, S., (2005). Precipitation, temperature and runoff analysis from 1950 to 2002 in the Yangtze basin, Chi-na. J. Hydrol. Sci. 50 (1), 65–80.
    138. Zhang, Q., Xu, C.-Y., Tao, H., Jiang, T., Chen, Y.D., (2010). Climate changes and their impacts on water resources in the arid regions: a case study of the Tarim River basin, China. Stoch. Env. Res. Risk A. 24, 349–358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00477-009- 0324-0.
    139. Zhang, Q., Xu, C.Y., Zhang, Z., Chen, Y.D., Liu, C.L., (2008). Spatial and temporal variability of precipitation maxima during 1960-2005 in the Yangtze River basin and possible association with large-scale circulation. J. Hydrol. 353 (3), 215–227.
    140. Zhao, G.J., Mu, X.M., H€ormann, G., Fohrer, N., Xiong, M., Su, B.D., Li, X.C., 2012. Spatial patterns and temporal variability of dryness/wetness in the Yangtze River Basin, China. Quat. Int. 282, 5–13.
    141. Zhou Z, Wang L, Lin A, Zhang M, Niu Z (2018) Innovative trend analysis of solar radiation in China during 1962–2015. Renew Energy 119:675–689
    142. Zuo Hongchao, Li Dongliang, Hu Yinjiao, (2005). Change trend of climate in China over the past 40 years and its relationship with the change of pan evaporation. Chinese Science Bulletin, 50(11): 1125–1130. (In Chinese).
  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Othman. Ali, R., & Rashid Abubaker, S. (2019). Trend analysis using mann-kendall, sen’s slope estimator test and innovative trend analysis method in Yangtze river basin, china: review. International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 8(2), 110-119. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.29591