Leachability of Fired Clay Bricks Incorporated with Sewage Sludge by Using Tank Leaching Test

  • Authors

    • Nurul Salhana Abdul Salim
    • Aeslina Abdul Kadir
    • Mohamad Asyraf Kamarudin
    • Mohd Hafizul Fadzli Zaidi
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.30.22292

    Received date: November 29, 2018

    Accepted date: November 29, 2018

    Published date: November 30, 2018

  • Heavy metals, leachability, sewage sludge, sewage sludge brick, waste management

  • Abstract

    This research was conducted to fully utilize the sludge that rich in dangerous heavy metals and at the same time act as low cost alternative materials in brick manufacturing. Different series of sludge and clay proportioning ratios were studied, which exclusively involved the addition of sludge with ratios of 0, 1, 5, 10, 20 and 30% of the total weight of sludge-clay mixture. Each molded brick were oven-dried at 105˚C for 24 hours followed by heating at 1050˚C. The investigation includes determination of heavy metal concentration of the sludge and clay using XRF and heavy metals leachability of the bricks by using Tank Leaching Test according to NEN7345 that has been analyzed by using ICPMS. The leaching behavior of several heavy metals (As, Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn, V, Ba, and Cr) from incorporated sludge into fired clay bricks shows to be insignificant and far below the USEPA regulations limits which fulfill the general requirement for usage of clay brick in construction and comply with the leaching standard limit. As a conclusion, the utilization of sewage sludge can reduce the disposal to landfill and reduce the leachability of sludge which can effect environment and human.

  • References

    1. Zhang XY, Chen MQ, Huang YW & Xue F (2016), Isothermal Hot Air Drying Behavior of Municipal Sewage Sludge Briquettes Cou-pled with Lignite Additive. Fuel 171: 108-15
    2. Salim MZ, Zaini U & Azman S (2012), Potential of Sewage Sludge as Soil Amendment. 2nd International Conference on Environment and Industrial Innovation 35: 66–70.
    3. Hegazy BE, Hanan AF & Ahmed MH (2012), Brick Manufacturing From Water Treatment Sludge And Rice Husk Ash. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 6(3), pp.453-461.
    4. Liew AG, Idris A, Wong CH, Samad AA, Noor MJM & Baki AM (2004), Incorporation of sewage sludge in clay brick and its charac-terization. Waste Management & Research, 22(4), 226-233.
    5. Abdul Latif AB, Tarmizi AK, Shukri A, Ridzuan MB & Hung YT (2012), Phytoremediation of Metals in Industrial Sludge by Cyperus Kyllingia-Rasiga, Asystassia Intrusa and Scindapsus Pictus Var Ar-gyaeus Plant Species. International Journal of Integrated Engineer-ing, 4(2), pp. 1-8.
    6. Lau HH, Whyte A & Law PL (2008), Composition and Characteris-tic of Construction Waste Generated By Residential Housing Pro-ject. International journal of Environmental Research, 2(3), pp 261-268.
    7. Victoria AN (2013), Characterisation and Performance Evaluation of Water Works Sludge As Brick Material. International Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 3(3): pp 69-79.
    8. Dai J, Xu M, Chen J, Yang X & Ke Z (2007), PCDD/F, PAH and heavy metals in the sewage sludge from six wastewater treatment plants in Beijing, China. Chemosphere, 66(2), pp.353-361.
    9. Roslan SN, Ghazali SS & Asli NM (2013), Study on the Character-istics and Utilization of Sewage Sludge at Indah Water Konsortium (IWK) Sungai Udang, Melaka. International Journal of Environ-mental, Ecological and Geophysical Engineering Vol 7, No 8.
    10. Meija J, Coplen TB, Berglund M, Brand WA, De Bièvre P, Gröning M, Holden NE, Irrgeher J, Loss RD, Walczyk T & Prohaska T (2013), Atomic weights of the elements, IUPAC Technical Report. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 88(3), pp.265-291.
    11. Dixon, C. J. Atlas of Economic Mineral Deposits. 7th Edition. Lon-don: Chapman and Hall. 2012.
    12. Stringfellow A, Banks CJ & Hillman PF (2001), The influence of composting on heavy metal extractability from two sewage sludges. In Recycling and Reuse of Sewage Sludge, pp. 111-123. Thomas Telford Publishing.
    13. Zorpas A (2001), Heavy Metals Removal from Sewage Sludge Compost Using Natural Zeolite-A Function of Temperature and Contact Time. In Recycling and Reuse of Sewage Sludge, pp. 29-36. Thomas Telford Publishing.

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Salim, N. S. A., Kadir, A. A., Kamarudin, M. A., & Zaidi, M. H. F. (2018). Leachability of Fired Clay Bricks Incorporated with Sewage Sludge by Using Tank Leaching Test. International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 7(4.30), 308-312. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.30.22292