The Impact of Electronic Human Resource Management onBusiness Performance: The Mediate Moderate Model
-
https://doi.org/10.14419/waqqr148
Received date: December 3, 2025
Accepted date: December 26, 2025
Published date: January 4, 2026
-
Operational E-HRM; Relational E-HRM; Transformational E-HRM; Business Performance; Artificial Intelligence; Quality of Accounting Information Systems -
Abstract
This paper will focus on the role played by the electronic human resource management (E-HRM) in business performance using a combined mediate-moderate model. The study examines the immediate effect of E-HRM practices on the outcome and measures the mediating force that strengthens the relationship and the moderating force that changes the strength of the relationship. There were five hypotheses that were formulated to explain the role of E-HRM in enhanced performance in digitally inclined and fast-paced trading environment. The research design used was the quantitative descriptive method of study, where 387 valid responses were obtained by distributing 500 questionnaires. The results show that E-HRM is positively related to the performance of the business, and the mediating construct enhances the impact since it increases the strength of internal processes associated with digital workflow, decision accuracy, and consistency of operations. The moderating variable also has an effect on the relationship as it increases or decreases effectiveness of E-HRM based on the degree of the moderating variable within the trading environment. This study benefits the literature that exists by presenting E-HRM as a resource that can facilitate the progress of performance by digital structuring, better responsiveness, and operational alignment. It further highlights the concurrent nature of the role of mediation and moderation in creating flexibility and business lasting leverage. The limitations and future study directions are provided in the conclusion.
-
References
- Aboramadan, M., Dahleez, K. A., Farao, C., & Alshurafa, M. (2021). Performance measurement and NPOs’ effectiveness: Does internal stakehold-ers’ trust matter? Benchmarking: An International Journal, 28(8), 2580–2602. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-07-2020-0347.
- Ahmed, A., Bhatti, S. H., Gölgeci, I., & Arslan, A. (2022). Digital platform capability and organizational agility of emerging market manufacturing SMEs: The mediating role of intellectual capital and the moderating role of environmental dynamism. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 177, 121513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121513
- Al Aina, R., & Atan, T. (2020). The impact of implementing talent management practices on sustainable organizational performance. Sustainability, 12(20), 8372. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208372.
- Alawneh, O. M., Tawalbeh, J., & Aloqaily, A. N. (2025). Reveling the interrelationship of digital transformation and business intelligence tech-niques to boost human capital development. Economics Innovative and Economics Research Journal, 13(1), 509–524. https://doi.org/10.2478/eoik-2025-0024.
- Jawabreh, O., Allahham, M., Alawneh, O. M., Almajali, W., & Al-Nsour, I. A. (2025). The impact of IoT on tourist satisfaction: The mediating role of HRM capabilities in the hotel industry. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 62(4), 2158–2169. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.62415-1581.
- Alawneh, O. M., Allahham, M., Habeeb, A. F. H., Al-Nsour, I. A., & Jawabreh, O. (2025). Evaluating how big data analysis mediates the impact of digital marketing strategies on tourism development in Jordan. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 62(4), 2053–2062. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.62405-1571.
- Al Jabri, M. A., Shaloh, S., Shakhoor, N., Haddoud, M. Y., & Obeidat, B. Y. (2024). The impact of dynamic capabilities on enterprise agility: The intervening roles of digital transformation and IT alignment. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 10(2), 100266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2024.100266.
- Alashqar, M. M., Abulehia, A. F. S., Atieh, A. A., Mahmoud, M. H., & Alzubi, M. M. S. (2025). Legal framework for regulating AI in smart cities: Privacy, surveillance, and ethics. In 2025 International Conference for Artificial Intelligence, Applications, Innovation and Ethics (AI2E) (pp. 1–6). https://doi.org/10.1109/AI2E64943.2025.10983107.
- Aldoseri, A., Al-Khalifa, K. N., & Hamouda, A. M. (2024). Methodological approach to assessing the current state of organizations for AI-based digital transformation. Applied System Innovation, 7(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/asi7010014.
- Alhosani, F. H., & Ahmad, S. Z. (2024). Role of human resource practices, leadership and intellectual capital in enhancing organisational perfor-mance: The mediating effect of organisational agility. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 25(4), 664–685. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-08-2023-0183.
- AlNuaimi, B. K., Singh, S. K., Ren, S., Budhwar, P., & Vorobyev, D. (2022). Mastering digital transformation: The nexus between leadership, agil-ity, and digital strategy. Journal of Business Research, 145, 636–648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.03.038.
- Alos-Simo, L., Verdu-Jover, A. J., & Gomez-Gras, J.-M. (2017). How transformational leadership facilitates e-business adoption. Industrial Man-agement & Data Systems, 117(2), 382–397. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-01-2016-0038.
- Alqarni, K., Agina, M. F., Khairy, H. A., Al-Romeedy, B. S., Farrag, D. A., & Abdallah, R. M. (2023). The effect of electronic human resource management systems on sustainable competitive advantages: The roles of sustainable innovation and organizational agility. Sustainability, 15(23), 16382. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152316382.
- AlTaweel, I. R., & Al-Hawary, S. I. (2021). The mediating role of innovation capability on the relationship between strategic agility and organiza-tional performance. Sustainability, 13(14), 7564. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147564.
- Alzubi, M. M. S., Alrifae, A. A. M., Mahmoud, M. H., & Atieh, A. A. (2025). Factors influencing business intelligence adoption by Jordanian pri-vate universities. PaperASIA, 41(1b), 148–167. https://doi.org/10.59953/paperasia.v41i1b.378.
- Arsawan, I. W. E., Hariyanti, N. K. S., Atmaja, I. M. A. D. S., Suhartanto, D., & Koval, V. (2022). Developing organizational agility in SMEs: An investigation of innovation’s roles and strategic flexibility. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(3), 149. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8030149.
- Asif, M., Yang, L., & Hashim, M. (2024). The role of digital transformation, corporate culture, and leadership in enhancing corporate sustainable performance in the manufacturing sector of China. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16072651.
- Baiyere, A., Salmela, H., & Tapanainen, T. (2020). Digital transformation and the new logics of business process management. European Journal of Information Systems, 29(3), 238–259. https://doi.org/10.1080/0960085X.2020.1718007.
- Balouei Jamkhaneh, H., Shahin, A., Parkouhi, S. V., & Shahin, R. (2022). The new concept of quality in the digital era: A human resource empow-erment perspective. The TQM Journal, 34(1), 125–144. https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-01-2021-0030.
- Baškarada, S., & Koronios, A. (2018). The 5S organizational agility framework: A dynamic capabilities perspective. International Journal of Organ-izational Analysis, 26(2), 331–342. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-05-2017-1163
- Berman, S. J. (2012). Digital transformation: Opportunities to create new business models. Strategy & Leadership, 40(2), 16–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/10878571211209314.
- Biron, M., De Cieri, H., Fulmer, I., Lin, C.-H. V., Mayrhofer, W., Nyfoudi, M., Sanders, K., Shipton, H., & Sun, J. M. J. (2021). Structuring for innovative responses to human resource challenges: A skunk works approach. Human Resource Management Review, 31(2), 100768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2020.100768.
- Bresciani, S., Ferraris, A., Santoro, G., & Kotabe, M. (2022). Opening up the black box on digitalization and agility: Key drivers and main out-comes. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 121567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121567.
- Butt, J. (2020). A conceptual framework to support digital transformation in manufacturing using an integrated business process management ap-proach. Designs, 4(3), 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/designs4030017
- Chakraborty, D., & Biswas, W. (2020). Articulating the value of human resource planning activities in augmenting organizational performance. Journal of Asia Business Studies, 14(1), 62–90. https://doi.org/10.1108/JABS-01-2019-0025.
- Cheng, M., Li, X., & Xu, J. (2022). Promoting healthcare workers’ adoption intention of artificial-intelligence-assisted diagnosis and treatment: The chain mediation of social influence and human-computer trust. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013311.
- Choudhury, A., Behl, A., Sheorey, P. A., & Pal, A. (2021). Digital supply chain to unlock new agility: A TISM approach. Benchmarking, 28(6), 2075–2109. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-08-2020-0461
- Chowdhury, S., Dey, P., Joel-Edgar, S., Bhattacharya, S., Rodriguez-Espindola, O., Abadie, A., & Truong, L. (2023). Unlocking the value of arti-ficial intelligence in human resource management through AI capability framework. Human Resource Management Review, 33(1), 100899.
- Creswell, J. W. (2021). A concise introduction to mixed methods research. SAGE. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2022.100899.
- Dahlbom, P., Siikanen, N., Sajasalo, P., & Jarvenpää, M. (2020). Big data and HR analytics in the digital era. Baltic Journal of Management, 15(1), 120–138. https://doi.org/10.1108/BJM-11-2018-0393.
- Davidescu, A. A., Apostu, S.-A., Paul, A., & Casuneanu, I. (2020). Work flexibility, job satisfaction, and job performance among Romanian em-ployees. Sustainability, 12(15), 6086. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12156086.
- Eisenbeiss, S. A., Van Knippenberg, D., & Boerner, S. (2008). Transformational leadership and team innovation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(6), 1438–1446. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012716
- Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Market-ing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104.
- Galanti, T., De Vincenzi, C., Buonomo, I., & Benevene, P. (2023). Digital transformation: inevitable change or sizable opportunity? The strategic role of HR management in Industry 4.0. Administrative Sciences, 13(2), 30. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13020030.
- Garg, S., Sinha, S., Kar, A. K., & Mani, M. (2022). A review of machine learning applications in human resource management. International Jour-nal of Productivity and Performance Management, 71(5), 1590–1610. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-08-2020-0427.
- Grassini, S. (2023). Shaping the future of education: Exploring the potential and consequences of AI and ChatGPT. Education Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13070692.
- Gupta, S., Modgil, S., Gunasekaran, A., & Bag, S. (2020). Dynamic capabilities and institutional theories for Industry 4.0 and digital supply chain. Supply Chain Forum: An International Journal, 21(3), 139–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/16258312.2020.1757369.
- Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., & Kuppelwieser, V. G. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling. European Business Review, 26(2), 106–121. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-10-2013-0128.
- Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Gudergan, S. P. (2017). Advanced issues in partial least squares structural equation modeling. SAGE. https://doi.org/10.15358/9783800653614.
- Halid, H., Ravesangar, K., Mahadzir, S. L., & Halim, S. N. A. (2024). Artificial intelligence in human resource management. In Human Resource Management in the Digital Era (pp. 37–70). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-52811-8_2.
- Hanelt, A., Bohnsack, R., Marz, D., & Marante, C. A. (2021). A systematic review of the literature on digital transformation. Journal of Manage-ment Studies, 58(5), 1159–1197. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12639.
- Harsch, K., & Festing, M. (2020). Dynamic talent management capabilities and organizational agility. Human Resource Management, 59(1), 43–61. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21972.
- Hasan, E. F., Alzuod, M. A., Al Jasimee, K. H., Alshdaifat, S. M., Hijazin, A. F., & Khrais, L. T. (2025). The role of organizational culture in digi-tal transformation and modern accounting practices among Jordanian SMEs. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 18(3), 147. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm18030147
- Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43, 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8.
- Hernita, H., Surya, B., Perwira, I., Abubakar, H., & Idris, M. (2021). Business sustainability and strengthening HR capacity of SMEs. Sustainabil-ity, 13(6), 3177. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063177.
- Holbeche, L. (2019). Designing sustainably agile and resilient organizations. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 36(5), 668–677. https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.2624.
- Huo, W., Zhang, Z., Qu, J., Yan, J., Yan, S., Yan, J., & Shi, B. (2024). Speciesism and preference of human–AI interaction. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 40(11), 2925–2937. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2023.2176985.
- Imran, F., Shahzad, K., Butt, A., & Kantola, J. (2021). Digital transformation of industrial organizations. Journal of Change Management, 21(4), 451–479. https://doi.org/10.1080/14697017.2021.1929406.
- Kaber, D. B., & Endsley, M. R. (2004). Effects of automation level on performance and workload. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 5(2), 113–153. https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922021000054335.
- Kambur, E., & Yildirim, T. (2023). From traditional to smart human resources management. International Journal of Manpower, 44(3), 422–452. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-10-2021-0622.
- Katou, A. A. (2022). Human resources flexibility as a mediating mechanism. EuroMed Journal of Business, 17(2), 174–192. https://doi.org/10.1108/EMJB-11-2020-0120.
- Khuntia, J., Saldanha, T., Kathuria, A., & Tanniru, M. R. (2024). Digital service flexibility. European Journal of Information Systems, 33(1), 61–79. https://doi.org/10.1080/0960085X.2022.2115410.
- Khurana, I., Dutta, D. K., & Ghura, A. S. (2022). SMEs and digital transformation during crisis. Journal of Business Research, 150, 623–641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.06.048.
- Kleynhans, D. J. (2022). Dynamic organisational capabilities and employee flourishing in a precarious work context. North-West University.
- Kraus, S., Jones, P., Kailer, N., Weinmann, A., Chaparro-Banegas, N., & Roig-Tierno, N. (2021). Digital transformation: Overview of current re-search. SAGE Open, 11(3), https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211047576.
- Kuhn, K. M., Meijerink, J., & Keegan, A. (2021). HRM and the gig economy. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 39, 1–46. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0742-730120210000039001.
- Kwon, K., & Jang, S. (2022). There is no good war for talent. Employee Relations, 44(1), 94–120. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-08-2020-0374.
- Leon, R. D. (2023). Employees’ reskilling and upskilling for industry 5.0. Technology in Society, 75, 102393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2023.102393.
- Leso, H. B., Cortimiglia, M. N., Ghezzi, A., & Minatogawa, V. (2024). Exploring digital transformation capability. Review of Managerial Science, 18(4), 1149–1187.
- Madhani, P. M. (2021). Enhancing supply chain capabilities with blockchain deployment. IUP Journal of Business Strategy, 18(4), 7–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-023-00692-3.
- Mahato, M., Kumar, N., & Jena, L. K. (2021). Rethinking gig economy post-COVID-19. Journal of Work-Applied Management, 13(2), 261–276. https://doi.org/10.1108/JWAM-05-2021-0037.
- Mahmoud, M. H. (2025). Mitigating employee turnover in Jordanian private universities. Human Systems Management. https://doi.org/10.1177/01672533251355888.
- Mahmoud, M. H., & Othman, R. (2023). Performance management system in developing countries. Journal of Public Affairs, 23(4), e2864. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2864.
- Mahmoud, M. H., & Othman, R. (2024). Effects of NPM reforms on HR practices. Management and Labour Studies, 49(1), 149–176. https://doi.org/10.1177/0258042X231185216
- McCartney, S., & Fu, N. (2022). Bridging the gap: When HR analytics impacts performance. Management Decision, 60(13), 25–47. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-12-2020-1581.
- Minbaeva, D. (2021). Disrupted HR? Human Resource Management Review, 31(4), 100820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2020.100820.
- Mrugalska, B., & Ahmed, J. (2021). Organizational agility in Industry 4.0. Sustainability, 13(15), 8272. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158272.
- Nambisan, S., Wright, M., & Feldman, M. (2019). Digital transformation of innovation and entrepreneurship. Research Policy, 48(8), 103773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2019.03.018.
- Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
- Daoud, M. K., Sharabati, A. A., Samarah, T., Alqurashi, D., Alfityani, A., Allahham, M., & Nasereddin, A. Y. (2024). Optimizing online visibility: A comprehensive study on effective SEO strategies and their impact on website ranking. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development, 8(7), 4860. https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i7.4860.
- Sabra, S., Sharabati, A. A. A., Almajali, W. I., Allahham, M., & Alqurashi, D. R. (2024). The mediating effect of TQM on the relationship between market orientation and organizational performance. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 12(4), 2807-2816. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2024.4.021.
- Al-Daradkah, H. Y., Allahham, M., & Sabra, S. (2024). Sustainability as a Mediator of Artificial Intelligence's Impact on Reverse Logistics: In-sights from the Energy Sector. Pakistan Journal of Life & Social Sciences, 22(2). https://doi.org/10.57239/PJLSS-2024-22.2.00850.
- Alsammak, M. (2025). Adopting green knowledge management processes via core business processes to promote sustainable innovation. Quality – Access to Success, 26(209), Article 14.
- Aljalely, A., & Alsammak, M. (2019). Cognitive transformation reflections based on the supply chain management and 5S requirements (An analyt-ical descriptive study of a sample of workers in Zaki/Iraq factory in the province of Dohuk). International Journal of Supply Chain Management.
- Al-Sammak, M. A. J., Al-Hamamy, M. A., & Yaqoob, M. K. (2025). The role of open knowledge management in driving marketing innovation within organizations: The mediating role of technology empowerment. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 23(4), Article 6. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.23(4).2025.06.
- Al-Sammak, M. A. J., Al-Hamamy, M. A., Yaqoob, M. K., & Jassim, I. M. (2025). Green knowledge to market performance: Does leadership bridge the gap in Iraq's renewable energy companies. International Journal of Operations and Quantitative Management, 31(1), Article 5.
- Cao, L., Ahmad, S. F., Wang, Y., Jamal Shah, S., Ibrahim, M., Alhamdi, F. M., ... & Abbas, A. (2025). Examining the relationship of inflation, gross domestic product, oil price, foreign direct investment, and trade openness on unemployment in Saudi Arabia. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05059-5.
- Khaled, H.; Yahiya, A.; Ahmad, B.; Allahham, M.; Al-, M. Uncertain Supply Chain Management the Mediating Role of ICT on the Impact of Supply Chain Management ( SCM ) on Organizational Performance ( OP ): A Field Study in Pharmaceutical Companies in Jordan. 2024, 12, 1251–1266, https://doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2023.11.011.
- Alkhazaleh, A.; Assaf, A.; Shehada, M.; Almustafa, E.; Allahham, M. Analysis of the Impact of Fintech Firms’ Lending on the Expansion of Ser-vice Base Companies in Jordan. Inf. Sci. Lett. 2023, 12, 2891–2902, https://doi.org/10.18576/isl/120837.
- Bataineh, A. Q., Abu-AlSondos, I. A., Almazaydeh, L., El Mokdad, S. S., & Allahham, M. (2023). Enhancing Natural Language Processing with Machine Learning for Conversational AI. 2023, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1049/icp.2024.0492.
-
Downloads
-
How to Cite
Mousa Alawneh , O. ., Allahham, M. I. ., Almagharbeh, B. ., Al Oakely , T. ., Mohammad Ogielat, B. ., & Muhammad Abdoh Aldalalah, M. . (2026). The Impact of Electronic Human Resource Management onBusiness Performance: The Mediate Moderate Model. International Journal of Accounting and Economics Studies, 12(8), 1107-1119. https://doi.org/10.14419/waqqr148
