What Drives Human Development in Sumatra? A Study of Life ‎Expectancy, Literacy, and Nutrition

  • Authors

    • Noni Rozaini Faculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Medan, Indonesia
    • Fitrawaty Faculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Medan, Indonesia
    • ARWANSYAH Faculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Medan, Indonesia
    • Mica Siar Meyriza Faculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Medan, Indonesia
    • Ambrosya Faculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Medan, Indonesia
    https://doi.org/10.14419/j0gaeg95

    Received date: July 16, 2025

    Accepted date: August 29, 2025

    Published date: October 12, 2025

  • Human Development Index; Life Expectancy; Literacy Rate; Panel Data Regression

  • Abstract

    This study aims to examine the impact of life expectancy, literacy rate, calorie consumption, and protein consumption on the Human Development Index (HDI). The analysis utilizes secondary data collected from six provinces on the island of Sumatra over the period 2019 to ‎‎2023. Employing a quantitative approach, the study applies panel data regression to investigate the relationship between the selected variables and HDI. The findings reveal that life expectancy and protein consumption each have a significant positive effect on HDI. In contrast, ‎literacy rate does not exhibit a statistically significant effect, as indicated by a significance value of 0.9178. Interestingly, calorie consumption demonstrates a significant negative influence on HDI, with a coefficient of -0.988981. Overall, the four independent variables collectively account for 70.11% of the variation in HDI across the six provinces, while the remaining 29.89% is attributed to other factors not ‎examined in this study‎.

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  • How to Cite

    Rozaini, N., Fitrawaty, ARWANSYAH, Meyriza, M. S. ., & Ambrosya. (2025). What Drives Human Development in Sumatra? A Study of Life ‎Expectancy, Literacy, and Nutrition. International Journal of Accounting and Economics Studies, 12(6), 449-456. https://doi.org/10.14419/j0gaeg95