Transesterification of biodiesel from kapok seed oil (ceiba pentandra) using a natural heterogeneous katalyst (rice husk activation)

  • Authors

    • marhaini . universitas muhammadiyah Palembang
    • Eka Sri Yusmartini
    • Dewi Fernianti
    • Larasati Okka Widhanny
    2023-10-30
    https://doi.org/10.14419/36w3ym34

  • Biodiesel as a renewable energy source can be produced by a chemical reaction between vegetable oil or animal fat and short-chain alcohol such as methanol, ethanol or buthanol and is supported by a catalyst. This process is called transesterification. From an environmental point of view, the use of biodiesel has several advantages such as reducing carbon dioxide emissions, being non-toxic and biodegradable. Kapok seed oil has potential for exploitation, particularly as a raw material for the manufacture of biofuel. Kapok seeds (Ceiba pentandra) have the potential to be used as a feedstock for biodiesel because their oil content is quite high, around 18-25% oil. The controlled combustion of rice husks produces ash containing high purity amorphous silica. Amorphous silica can be obtained from RHA (rice husk ash) when rice husk is burned at a temperature of 700°C, and it is transformed into crystalline silica when burned at a temperature above 850 °C. This silica has many applications as a filler, adsorbent, catalyst support, star gel component and source for the production of premium silicon and its compounds. The aim of the research is to determine the transisterification process of biodiesel from kapok (Ceiba pentandra) seed oil. using a natural heterogeneous catalyst in It is an activated rice husk. The method used was the preparation of kapok seed samples and the extraction of sokhlet. Determination of free fatty acids (FFA) in kapok seed oil, activation of rice husk, manufacturing of biodiesel from kapok seed with addition of rice husk H2SO4 as catalyst. The characteristics of the biodiesel produced are Density: 859.88572 kg/m3 (SNI: 7182:2015) = 850-890 kg/m3), Viscosity: 2.45824 cSt (SNI: 7182:2015) = 2.3 – 6, 0 cSt, Calorific value: 7,374.5322 cal/g (SNI: 7182; 2015) = 7,100 -11,000 cal/ g, Devil's number: 48 (ASTM: D6751) = 47. Meanwhile, GC-MS with the highest values at all reaction times, namely Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (C17H34O2), methyl tetradecanoate (C15H30O2) and 9 - Octadecenoic acid (Z), methyl ester (C19H36O2) . The functional group found in kapok seeds is –OH.

     

  • References

    1. Demirbas.2009b. Biofuels securing the planet's future energy needs. Energy Convers. Manag., 50 (2009), pp. 2239-2249 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2009.05.010.
    2. Demirbas.2009a. Progress and recent trends in biodiesel fuels. Energy Convers. Manag., 50 (2009), pp. 14-34 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2008.09.001.
    3. Dhaneswara, D., Fatriansyah, J.F., Mahagnyana, A.B., Delayori, F., Putranto, D.A., Adriyani Anwar, S.U.A., 2018. The Role of Modifi-cation SBA-15 Mesoporous Silica with CPTMS in Cd Adsorptions. In: International Conference on Chemistry and Material Science, Volume 299(1), pp. 1–11 https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/299/1/012063.
    4. Dhaneswara, D., Fatriansyah, J.F., Yusuf, M.B., Abdurrahman, M.H., Kuskendrianto, F.R., 2019. Study of Si Surface Adsorption To-wards Hydrogen Molecule. In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Volume 547(1), pp. 1–7 https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/547/1/012038.
    5. DonantaDhaneswara., Jaka Fajar Fatriansyah., Frans WenstenSitumorang., Alfina Nurul Haqoh.2020. Synthesis of Amorphous Silica from Rice Husk Ash: Comparing HCl and CH3COOH Acidification Methods and Various Alkaline Concentrations. International Jour-nal of Technology (IJTech).Vol 11.No.1 https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v11i1.3335.
    6. Dwi Ardiana Setyawardhani.,SperisaDistantina.,HayyuHenfiana.,Anita Saktika Dewi.2010.
    7. Pembuatan biodiesel Dari asam lemak jenuhminyakbijikaret. Seminar Rekayasa Kimia Dan Proses 2010 ISSN : 1411-4216
    8. Endang Dwi Siswani, Susila Kristianingrum, Tohari. 2015. Sintesis Biodiesel Dari MinyakBijiKapukRandu (Ceiba Pentandra L) Pada Variasi Lama Pengadukan Pada ReaksiTransesterifikasi.Jurusan Pendidikan Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta.
    9. Fatriansyah, J.F., Dhaneswara, D., Abdurrahman, M.H., Kuskendrianto, F.R., Yusuf, M.B., 2019. Modeling of Nitrogen Adsorption Phenomena in Amorphous Silica using Molecular Dynamics Method. AIP Conference Proceedings, Volume 2169(1), pp. 030001-1–030001-8
    10. Fernandes, I.J., Calheiro, D.F., S?nchez, A.L., Camacho, A.L.D., de Campos Rocha, T.L.A., Moraes, C.B.A.M., de Sousa, V.C., 2016. Characterization of Silica Produced from Rice Husk Ash: Comparison of Purification and Processing Methods. Materials Research, Volume 20(2), pp. 512–518 https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2016-1043.
    11. Gardy, J., Hassanpour, A., Lai, X., Ahmed, M.H., 2016. Synthesis of Ti (SO4) O solid acid nano-catalyst and its application for bio-diesel production from used cooking oil. Appl. Catal. Gen. 527,81-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2016.08.031.
    12. Lotero, E., Liu, Y ., Lopez, D.E., Suwannakarn, K., Bruce, D.A., &Goodwin,.G., 2005. Synthesis of Biodisel via Acid Catalysis, In-drustrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 44(14), 5353-5363. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie049157g.
    13. Maceiras R, Rodrı´guez M, Cancela A, Urréjola S, Sánchez A. Macroalgae: Raw material for biodiesel production. Appl. Energy. [Inter-net]. 2023, 13 September]; 88(10):3318-23. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261910004903 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.11.027.
    14. Manique, M. C., Faccini, C. S., Onorevoli, B.,Benvenutti, E. V., dan Caramao, E.B .2012. Rice husk ash as an adsorbent for purifying biodiesel from waste frying oil, 92(2012), 56-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2011.07.024.
    15. Miguel-Angel Perea-Moreno.,EstherSameron-Manzano.,Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno.2019. Biomass as Renewable Energy: Worldwide Research Trends. Sustainability, 11(3), 863; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030863.
    16. Muhammad Dani Supardan, Satriana, Ryan Moulana., 2014. In Situ Transesterification of Jatropha Seed Using Hydrodynamic Cavita-tion., Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Universitas Syiah Kuala
    17. Nixon Poltak. F, 2013. Making Biodiesel From Kapok Seed Oil with esterification process of transesterification, Journal Technolgy Of Chemical Industrial, 2(2)p.262-266
    18. Phillips JC dan Mattamal GJ.1978. Effect of number of carboxyl groups on liquiddensity of esters of alkyl carboxylic acids.J.Chem Eng. 23(1): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1021/je60076a031.
    19. Pooja.S.,Anbarasan.B.,Ponussami.V.2021. Efficient production and optimization of biodiesel from kapok (Ceiba pentandra) oil by li-pase transesterification process: Addressing positive environmental impact.RenewableEnergy.Volume 165,Part 1.Page 619-631 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.11.053.
    20. Skoog, Holler, Nieman, 1998, Principle Of Instrumental Analysis, Stanford University, United States of America.
    21. Ramirez-Verduzco LF, Rodriguez-Rodriguez JE, Jaramillo-Jacob A. 2012.Predicting cetane number, kinematic viscosity, density and higher heating value of biodiesel from its fatty acidmethyl ester composition.J Fuel. 91 (1): 102-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2011.06.070.
    22. Wilson, L.D., Mahmud, S.T., 2015. The Adsorption Properties of Surface-modified Mesoporous Silica Materials with ß-Cylodextrin. International Journal of Technology, Volume 6(4), pp. 533–545 https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v6i4.2036.
    23. Toldrá-Reig, L. Mora, F. Toldrá.2020. Trends in biodiesel production from animal fat waste. Appl. Sci., 10 (2020), p. 3644 https://doi.org/10.3390/app10103644.

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    ., marhaini, Sri Yusmartini, E., Fernianti, D., & Okka Widhanny, L. (2023). Transesterification of biodiesel from kapok seed oil (ceiba pentandra) using a natural heterogeneous katalyst (rice husk activation). International Journal of Advanced Chemistry, 11(2), 15-19. https://doi.org/10.14419/36w3ym34