Transesterification of Moringa Oleifera Seed Oil by Sodium Silicate Catalyst Using Different Co-Solvents

  • Authors

    • Puvaniswaran K. Moorthi
    • Preeti Shrivastava
    • Soundarajan Krishnan
    2018-05-06
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.36.29068
  • Biodiesel, Co-solvent, Moringa olifera seed oil, Sodium silicate, Transesterification.

  • Biodiesel is a renewable energy source which is derived as an alternate fuel for diesel engine. It is produced by transesterification process. Moringa oleifera seed oil has been extracted using n-hexane by solvent extraction method. The high flashpoint of Moringa oleifera oil is a beneficial safety feature so that it can safely be stored at room temperature. The study examines the production of biodiesel using Moringa oleifera seed oil with sodium silicate as catalyst and different co-solvents. The biodiesel produced from Moringa oleifera seed oil exhibits high yield using diethyl-ether as co-solvent with 60oC as the reaction temperature and 1 hour as the reaction time. Furthermore, the optimum ratio of methanol to oil is 7:1 and the amount of catalyst required to produce highest yield is 0.30 g. Moreover, the optimum ratio of methanol to co-solvent is 1:1 ratio. It has been found that the saponification value and free fatty acid are 170.2 mg of KOH/ g of oil and 0.33 %, respectively. The moisture content of biodiesel is 0.04% with higher calorific value when compared to diesel and vegetable oil. The pH and cloud point of biodiesel recorded are 7.37 and 18oC, respectively. All these values have been found to be within the range of American Standard for Testing Material for biodiesel. Only the acid value has fallen outside the ASTM limits. Hence, it can be concluded that biodiesel produced from Moringa oleifera seed oil has the potential to be an alternate fuel and the energy of the future.

     

  • References

    1. [1] Ivase, T.J., “A Review of Moringa oleifera Seed Oil as Feedstock for Biodiesel Productionâ€, Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology, Vol. 2, No. 12, (2015), pp. 3574–3581.

      [2] Lisa, S.T. and Thomas, J.B. “Comparison of Biodiesel Properties with Petroleum Derived Diesel Fuelâ€, Energy Fuels, Vol. 4, No. 22, (2008), pp. 2861–2868.

      [3] Azad, A.K., Rasul, M., Khan, M.M.K, Sharma, S.C, Islam, R. “Prospect of Moringa Seed Oil as a Sustainable Biodiesel Fuel in Australia-A Reviewâ€, Procedia Engineering, No. 105, (2015), pp. 601–606. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.05.037

      [4] Aji, M.M., Gutti, B, Bitrus, K., Abba, S. “Soxhlet Extraction and Characterization of Oil from Canarium schweinfurthii (Black Date) Fruits for Domestic Purposeâ€, Applied Research Journal, Vol. 1, No. 2 (2015), pp. 41–45. Available online: http://arjournal.org, last visit 07.09.2018

      [5] Vyas, A.P., Verma, J.L. and Subrahmanyam, N. “Effects of Molar Ratio, Alkali Catalyst Concentration and Temperature on Transesterification of Jatropha Oil with Methanol under Ultrasonic Irradiationâ€, (2011), available online: https://file.scirp.org/pdf/ACES20110200010_87486837.pdf, last visit: 20.09.2018

      [6] Predojevic, Z.J. “The Production of Biodiesel from Waste Frying Oils: A Comparison of Different Purification Stepsâ€, Fuel, Vol. 87, Nos. 17-18, (2008), pp. 3522–3524.

      [7] AOCS, Official Methods and Recommended Practices of the American Oil Chemists Society, 6th Edn., (2001), AOCS Press, Champaign.

      [8] FAO/WHO (2009). Report on the 21st Session of the Codex Alimentarius Committee on Fats and Oils. Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.

      [9] Atadashi, I.M., Aroua, M., Aziz, A., Sulaiman, N. “The Effect of Catalyst in Biodiesel Productionâ€, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol. 19, No.1, (2010). Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2012.07.009

      [10] Encinar, J.M., Gonzalez, J., Pardal, A., Martinez, G. “Transesterification of Rapeseed Oil with Methanol in the Presence of Various Co-solventsâ€, Transesterification of Biodiesel, Vol. 2 (2010).

      [11] Palafox, J.O., Navarrete, A., Sacramento, J., Rubio, C., Pablo, R., Antonio, J., “Extraction and Characterization of Oil from Moringa oleifera using Supercritical CO2 and Traditional Solventsâ€, American Journal of Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 3, No. 12, (2012) pp. 946–949.

      [12] Duc, P., Takenake, N., Luu, B., Ngoc, L. “Co-solvent Method to Produce Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil with Small Pilot Plantâ€, Energy Procedia, Vol. 61, (2014), pp. 2822–2832. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.12.303

      [13] Atadashi, I.M., Aroua, M., Aziz, A., Sulaiman, N., “Production of Biodiesel Using High Free Fatty Acid Feedstocks†Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 16, No. 5, (2012), pp. 3275–3285. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.02.063

      [14] Asyikin, N., Azam, M, Uemura, Y., Kusakabe, K., “Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil Using Micro Tube Reactors : Effects of Catalyst Concentration and Residence Timeâ€, Procedia Engineering, Vol. 148, (2016), pp. 354–360. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.462

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    K. Moorthi, P., Shrivastava, P., & Krishnan, S. (2018). Transesterification of Moringa Oleifera Seed Oil by Sodium Silicate Catalyst Using Different Co-Solvents. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(3.36), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.36.29068