Title: SPC Journal of Education E-ISSN: 3079-6237
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Assessment of Prospective Teachers' Attitude Toward TeachingProfession in Funtua, Katsina State, ‎Nigeria
Student teachers’ attitudes toward the teaching profession significantly affect their future ‎commitment, effectiveness, and retention. This study examined the perceptions of prospective ‎teachers from six institutions in Funtua, Katsina State, using a descriptive survey and a 15-item ‎Attitude Toward Teaching Profession (ATTP) scale. Data were analyzed through descriptive ‎statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, and multiple regression.‎ Findings showed that while many student teachers value the societal role of teaching, negative ‎attitudes persist, caused by poor remuneration, heavy workload, and low professional recognition. ‎This highlights a disconnect between their intrinsic motivation and the external realities of the ‎profession, weakening long-term commitment. Regression analysis identified remuneration ‎perception, social status, and teaching practice experience as key predictors of negative attitudes. ‎Minor institutional differences reflected variations in support and supervision. The study underscores ‎the need for policies that improve teacher welfare, elevate professional status, and enhance teacher ‎education, offering vital insights to improve motivation, retention, and educational quality‎.
Copyright (c) 2025 SPC Journal of Education
Transforming Secondary Education in Bangladesh: A Reflective Essay on ‎student-centered Pedagogy
The reflective essay tries to find out the necessity of student-based instructional pedagogy in the ‎context of Bangladesh Secondary Education system. The data and information have been collected through library methods, i.e., from various sources such as books, journals, government websites, newspapers, etc. The data reflects the findings that most of the teachers follow the ‎traditional teacher-based teaching method while conducting classes in secondary schools. The reasons for this are numerous, including the use of traditional methods, inadequate professional development training, flawed curriculum systems, a lack of technological knowledge, and an authoritative attitude. Conversely, secondary education needs a democratic ‎classroom where students will get their proper involvement with belongingness, and their voice ‎will be heard. The authorities have taken some steps, but they also face challenges in implementing a ‎student-based teaching system. Teachers also face other challenges like large classroom size, ‎accommodation problems, and overworkload, which tend to encourage them to follow ‎teacher-based classroom activities‎.
Shaping The Future of Teacher Education Through Information and Communication Technology
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) now transforms the way training occurs for future teachers and impacts their classroom teaching practices. This research analyzes how ICT introduces new potentials that enhance educational meth-‎ods and developer teaching abilities and promote equitable learning spaces. This study investigates the transformative effects that virtual classrooms, combined with mobile learning, Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, and Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) platforms, have on teacher education programs. The complete implementation ‎of ICT as a learning solution faces significant obstacles due to digital inequality difficulties, besides technical barriers and ‎educational training readiness among teachers. This research emphasizes the requirement for professional training pro-‎grams that help instructors develop abilities for applying technology effectively throughout their training strategies. The ‎paper examines modern developments by asking for both beneficial influences and obstacles to implementing ICT systems ‎that will shape teaching practice of the future through clear implementation plans‎.
Teaching challenges in a large classroom in the secondary schools of ‎Bangladesh
Bangladesh is an overpopulated country, and it has a direct impact on the classroom settings. ‎Teachers are exerting themselves to ensure a quality education, but they encounter a lot of ‎problems. This mixed-method study tried to reveal the true picture of the secondary education of ‎Bangladesh. Teachers have participated in the study by filling out questionnaires and online ‎interviews from different areas of the country, both from urban and rural areas. Both quantitative ‎and qualitative data were collected and analyzed. From the analysis, the study has found that the ‎number is higher than the expectation of the teachers. The ratio is very high in many ‎schools. Giving individual feedback is the most challenging for them, and facilitating classroom ‎activities is also challenging. They applied their pedagogical strategies, but those are not ‎enough. It needs the attention of the authority to solve it‎.
Understanding the relationship between teachers’ efficiency and content ‎delivery in secondary classrooms
Classroom management is a very important term in academia because everything related to ‎education encompasses it. The teacher’s efficiency and proper content presentation makes ‎classroom management a success. Thus, the study aims to find out the correlations between a ‎teacher’s efficiency and content delivery in the secondary classrooms of Bangladesh. For collecting, this study reviews ‎the literature pertaining to ‎teacher’s efficiency and content delivery and collects some information thereon. The literature reviews ‎showed that the content of the subject matter is important but the more important is how a teacher ‎deals with it before the learners. It also showed that teaching is an art, and a teacher here should be a great artist to deal with the contents to be taught. A ‎teacher should motivate students when necessary and must be familiar with the students’ cultural ‎background, learning stages, and challenges of the learners while delivering the content materials. So, a teacher should have proper style and structure ‎of content delivery so that the students can enjoy it, grasp it and may have effective learning outcomes‎. If a teacher cannot show proper efficiency, the goals of the teaching may not be reached.
Advancing Embedded Systems Education: A Pedagogical Programming Framework for Smart System and Control Applications
This article introduces a pedagogical framework incorporating a curriculum and conceptual examples, specifically tailored to the need of embedded systems technology instructors The curriculum covers crucial subjects such as hardware and software fundamentals, programming languages, sensors integration, motion control, and their practical applications. It emphasizes hands-on training, project-based learning, and problem-solving to foster a holistic understanding of embedded systems. The curriculum is designed to cater to embedded systems training centers globally, addressing the growing demand for skilled professionals in areas such as robotics, telecommunications, automation, and microprocessor engineering. It aims to bridge the skills gap, empower trainers, and equip students with the necessary competencies to thrive in the evolving field of robotics and programming. Overall, this curriculum serves as a valuable resource for instructors, enabling them to enhance their teaching methods and contribute to the advancement of embedded systems and STEM education.
Copyright (c) 2024 SPC Journal of Education
Professional and qualification development of enterprise personnel in terms of human capital theory
The subject of the consideration of this article is the theoretically based concept of determining fair remuneration for the personnel of an enterprise who decide to continue their education or upgrade their professional skills. The basic theory that is taken in the article as the basis for determining the level of remuneration is the theory of human capital developed by M. Dobija. The model uses the capitalization rate, which determines the measure of spontaneous natural attrition of human capital and is related to the size of the constant a = 0.08 [1/year].
Copyright (c) 2023 SPC Journal of Education
Perceptions of female students toward video conferencing technology at AOU-KSA.
Educational institutes are incorporating technology in their teaching methods to facilitate their students. The female students in Saudi Arabia, studying at Arab Open University have to attend lectures from male teachers through video conferencing due to religious restrictions. The institutes ensure to facilitate the students in every aspect to make learning process convenient. Whereas, at times there are some issues that may linger on and cause a disturbance in the learning environment. This study aims to find out the opinion of female students at AOU who have to attend classes through video conferences. The purpose is to identify the issues in the video conference technology regarding the environment of the class, the technical facilities available to them, the kind of classrooms they study in how effective the video conference method is in interaction between the male instructors and the female students. Students seem to be neutral or at times satisfied with facilities available to them, however, in some matters, it is a close call, as some of the students may not be comfortable as others. Â Â Â Â
Copyright (c) 2020 SPC Journal of Education
The New Shape of Global Higher Education in COVID-19 Era
The effect of COVID-19 in the world made us face unprecedented challenges. It reflects a model of the Butterfly effect. The butterfly effect is the sensitive dependence on initial conditions in which a small change in one state of a deterministic nonlinear system can result in large differences in a later state. Governments have introduced emergency measures to save lives, Working from home has gone from perk to necessity, Lockdowns and closed borders have become part of 2020. As global citizens, it is crucial that we develop social responsibility towards each other to safeguard the entire humanity. At this stage, it’s still impossible to say which phase of the pandemic we find ourselves in. Are we at the beginning of the end, or at the end of the beginning? Will we see a second wave of infections? When will a vaccine be ready? We are going through challenging times and the world around us is changing fast. We may not have all the answers to these ques-tions, but we do know that the world will witness lasting changes due to COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 as an international pandemic, has shed its profound impact on all daily aspects of life in the entire world; political, economic, social and apparently the education sector has not been immune. Â Â
Impact of large class on teaching learning at the primary school of Bangladesh
Each Large classes teachers faces challenges everyday diversity of scholars , lack of flexibility, class environment management, difficulty of setting and enforcing classroom behavior, minimum attention to students, limited monitoring of students' learning and difficulty in engaging students to activities. The main assumption of this study is that effective teaching and producing learning is critically constrained by the large size of classes. Therefore the students' perception about large classes is negative. This research is to interact during a study of the effectiveness of educational science for big classes. The baseline of our study is predicated on data that has been collected from students' survey. The study was conducted throughout the 40 government primary school in Gazipur district of Bangladesh. During this study are observed the students' expectations, motivation, own perception on performance, views and preferences about the delivery of the lecture and therefore the learning. It was designed the study to detect accurately the maximum amount as possible students' attitude towards learning. Each student's responses, like the students own perception has been correlated to real performance as measured, weekly class work, quizzes, tutorials In this study will focuses other solutions to the above obstacles to conducting an efficient learning environment. The lecturing time and the mode of teaching both are investigated, and reviewed as a possible solution the issues encountered during the lecture. It compared the findings to the prevailing literature and other teachers' experiences. Studying students’ experience is sort of challenging. It may be used as a top quality indicator additionally to the quality in education. Evaluating students’ experience, need and expectations can cause improvements in teaching performance and achieving learning outcomes. Finally, there'll be a discussion of the problems raised and therefore the implications of those for various stakeholders in developing countries. Â Â
The central bank and its role in shaping and managing the monetary policy of the state
The article presents the role of the central bank in shaping and managing the monetary policy of the country. The central bank plays a special role in the state. It is an institution that is important for the country's economy. It is responsible for conducting monetary and exchange rate policy in the state. The central bank has a fundamental influence on the level of stability of the banking system of a given country and has a monopoly in the scope of central money emission, which is necessary for proper functioning of commercial banks. Â Â Â
Financing of small and medium-sized enterprises on the example of bank loans
The main purpose of the article is to present the small and medium-sized enterprises sector, their size and the possibility of choosing individual sources of financing, and above all a brief presentation of bank loans. They constitute one of the largest and the most important sources of financing of external origin and are the main financing source of the majority of investments of an enterprise. Â
A flat-rate income tax on revenue recorded as an effective form of taxation on the economic activities of individuals
The article presents an analysis of the form of income taxation in Poland which is a lump sum recorded in terms of its conduct, as well as the construction of this variant of settlement with the tax office. The types of taxation on the basis of personal income tax have been men-tioned, which begins the criteria and restrictions that the income tax payer must meet in order to be able to settle with the chosen form. The example company, its analysis and example of settlement by means of a recorded lump sum of this particular enterprise was given. Â Â
Distance learning in higher education during coronavirus (covid-19) outbreak
When E-Learning is not a choice but the salvation for proceeding in education across the globe. In this paper, we spotlight on the challenges facing the higher education systems during the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of the COVID-19 crisis on students and higher education institutes are discussed to clarify the available technological opportunities that can be used to address students’ needs. A Case Study is presented in this work to discuss the role of the E-learning in the international pandemic outbreak. Â Â Â
Competency based primary education curriculum of Bangladesh: SDG
Education now is first time truly aiming to improve access to quality education on sustainable development to develop knowledge and skills required for sustainable development. Many countries in Asia are transforming institutions as ‘Thinking Schools’. The government of Bangladesh, just like other countries, because of the impact of globalization, it has continued to reform education sector to respond to more emerging issues towards sustainable development. It is on this premise that the introduction of new education system. However, there is too little which has been done in establishing the link between competencies based curriculum and sustainable development and their teething challenges. This article is purposed to link competency based learning curriculum to sustainable development, while bringing to the fore the challenges the Competency Based Curriculum (CBC) is contenting with from conception to its implementation phase and their possible panaceas. Specifically and chronologically, this reflective article attempts clarification of key operational terminologies used, link between competencies and sustainable development, Role of CBC in SDG, theoretical underpinnings of CBC, challenges of CBC, conclusions and recommendations. This reflective and theoretical article significantly contributes to the ongoing debates and reflections on the contribution of competency based curriculum on sustainable development, while addressing the teething challenges undermining the CBC implementation with a view of making it acceptable to all and providing apt strategies towards its successful implementation. Bangladesh is on its way to achieving a Middle Income Country (MIC) status in 2021 and will become a developed country by 2041. Â Â
Perception of students about primary science classes of GPS of Bangladesh
According to the record most of the PEC examination, the quality of science was the below among other subjects. Even internal examination results also showed the same picture. Students cannot achieve satisfactory level of the competency of science. This study analysis revealed varies dimensions of the students’ perceptions that relate to different aspects of the teacher’s pedagogy and the learning environment created by the teachers, like: student center learning, class Environment, use of teaching aids and modern equipments, positive attitude of teacher, feedback, etc. The study was qualitative and quantitative in nature. It was decided to select samples from Dhaka and Gazipur district under the Dhaka division of Bangladesh. Total 40 government primary schools (GPS) selected from the selective area. For this study, data collected from 80 student focus group discussion (FGD) by questionnaire method from 40 different GPS. Also 80 science classes were observed for realizing actual teaching-learning situations and document study. Most of the school hasn’t use of multimedia, modern class room, library and science equipment. Utmost of the teachers never used teaching aids. Students always needed help from others. Maximum students don't interaction with the teacher in the classrooms. At the annual and PEC examinations of 2018 the students who failed in different subjects, they also failed in science. The study recommended that student teacher ratio should be reduced by appointing new teacher, quality based supervision should be improved. Science subject training are much needed for all school. Science class time should be increase. Â Â Â
Estimation of minimum wage in the aspect of preservation human capital
The article presents an overview of the basic models of measuring the value of human capital, which are based on the theory of labor economics. There is also a systematic study of economic constant, which is an integral part of the capital model. An empirical study was presented, which found that economic constant of potential growth was at the level of 0.08 [1/year]. The calculation of the minimum wage for the economy of Ukraine in the light of the theory of measuring the value of human capital is also presented. The percentage of compliance with the statutory and theoretically calculated wages has been calculated. The data obtained are compared with the results of calculations of this indicator for the economy of the USA and Poland. Comparable percentages of minimum wage compliance can be used to build appropriate country ratings.
Creative accounting - innovation or fraud?
The aim of this article is presentation of typical issues that concern definition and interpretation of the nature of creative accounting, and also difficulties faced with differentiation between creative accounting and book-keeping fraud. Historical and contemporary views as well as own interpretation of creative accounting have been proposed. Â
Perception of head teachers of primary schools about quality primary science teaching- learning (TL) practice in Bangladesh
The quality teaching and learning play an important role in achieving overall quality education. According to the record most of the PEC examination, the quality of science was the below among other subjects. Even internal examination results also showed the same picture. The purpose of this study was that, to investigate and describe perception of Head teachers of Primary schools about Quality Primary Science Teaching Learning practice in government primary schools of Bangladesh. For this study, data collected from a sample of 40 Head teachers from 40 government primary schools of Dhaka and Gazipur district of Bangladesh. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and structured interview schedule. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used for analysis of data. The findings of the study revealed that student-teacher ratio was high and also there were lack of subject based teaching and effective use of teaching aids. Maximal school has multimedia but they do not use. Maximum school has not modern class room, library and science equipment. Utmost of the teachers never used teaching aids. Near about fifty five percent of head teachers did not have science subject training. The study recommended that student teacher ratio should be reduced, quality based supervision should be improved. Science subject training are much needed for all teacher. Science class time should be increase. Teacher should be taking class with the lesson plan and striking. Â Â Â
The theory of human capital as the basis of the economy of labor
The aim of this article is to show how well-known and respected economists with different background have perceived capital and economy over the centuries. Particular attention has been paid to the history of economics and the importance of human capital, which should be con-tinuously expanded and deepened in order to develop new skills needed, for example in future work, but also the attention will focus on several formulas which are used to calculate capital.
Demystify the real time implementation of an aero pendulum with dSPACE to visualize and compare the results of PID and SMC
dSPACE is a real-time platform based on software and hardware in loop with MATLAB/Simulink. The real-time environment provides us a visual way to understand the actual real-time behaviour of the designed controller. This paper proposed a method to better understand the behaviour of a different de-signed controller in a real-time environment during learning. For application-specific we designed a pitch control hardware model for aero pendulum using single brushless dc motor (BLDC), position encoder and H-bridge in loop with MATLAB/Simulink and dSPACE hardware box. Different controllers (Proportional integral derivative (PID) and sliding mode controller (SMC)) are designed, then implemented to check its behaviour on the designed hardware in real-time. The performance is evaluated using overshoot, rise time, settling time peak time and disturbance rejection. Using the control desk software Graphics user interface (GUI) is developed not only to continuously monitor the behaviour but also to make changes into the system conditions during real-time.
Cooperation of internal and external audit
This article addresses the issue of cooperation between internal and external auditing, their similarities and differences, as well as the areas in which they complement each other. It presents the main assumptions and objectives of audits, their functions and shows the importance of integrating both of audits to increase company efficiency and thoroughly examine purposefulness and correctness of ongoing processes.
Impact of loans to farmers on rice production in funtua local government area katsina state, north west Nigeria
This research examined the impact of loans to farmers on rice production in Funtua Local Government Area, Katsina State. Three hy-pothesis; there is no significant difference in the loans lend to farmers for their rice production; there is no significant difference on those farmers that collect loans for rice production and those that did not; there is no significance difference, that loans lend to farmers can affect their production, were tested. The quasi experimental-control group design involving pre and post-tests were used. The target population for this study was thirty thousand, two hundred and thirty one (30,231) farmers within the study Area. The sample of the study consists of one hundred and fifty (150) farmers randomly drawn from five (5) selected towns/villages within the study Area. The data was divided into experimental and control groups. Questionnaire was used in gathering data, the respondents will chose the right opinion running from strongly agreed, agreed, uncertain, disagreed and strongly disagreed based on their experience or perception. Percentage score, Mean and standard deviation of differences between the mean impact of loan to farmers on rice production of experimental and control group and gender were used to answer research questions. The null hypothesis were tested with the aid of SPSS Package using ANOVA and t-test at p =0.05 level of significance. The result obtained shows that: there is no significant difference between farmers that collect loan and those that did not within the mean of 2.4533 and 1.8800 respectively.
Classroom interaction patterns of high and low achievers at an undergraduate private university in Dubai
This research emphasizes a study which was conducted to observe the patterns of classroom interactions of both high and low achieving students at a private university in Dubai. The main aspects of the research were: (1) Frequency of interactions; (2) Nature of interactions; and (3) Reasons for avoided interactions initiation. It was determined that more interactions were initiated by high achieving students than by low achieving students, although low achieving students attained a similar level of interaction as high achievers when discussion was initiated by the teacher. It was also observed that low achieving students prefer privacy when asking a question or checking for correctness of answers, whereas high achievers exhibited more confidence towards asking questions and providing comments on discussion. Surveying students regarding the reasons they avoid initiating interactions revealed that high achieving students lack motivation as they are probably under-challenged, while low achieving students lack confidence as well as motivation. Â Â Â
Copyright (c) 2019 SPC Journal of Education
Instructional strategies for different learning styles: a study
Learning is a continuous process for two classes of people (for both teacher & student). We all learns something new every day. It is gaining knowledge by studying; being taught & experiencing, whereas teaching is defined as just a more formal approach to deliver lessons with learning as end result. Teaching & learning are permitted not only within the dimensions, but it should happen beyond that. A learning style can best be explained as the most unique way in which a student prefers to learn new concepts. Students learn quicker and more effectively when teaching style is matched to their individual preferred styles. This paper explains about existing learning styles and also suggests few teaching methodologies that are to be adopted for different learning styles, which creates inter-est in students that leads to outstanding performance in academics. Â Â
Implementing contemporary issues through curriculum development, teaching models and curriculum design for teaching institutes in Nigeria
The paper investigated contemporary issues in Nigeria through curriculum development and teaching models at various levels of education. In this research the researchers found that curriculum designing is conducted stage by stage at all levels of education. It was found out that some of the model presented the process stage to be more important than the objectives. Other models puts objectives to be the most important feature of curriculum design. All models presented stress the importance of considering a variety of factors affecting the society in which the curriculum is to be implemented, as curriculum is meant to solve the problem of the society in which it is developed. Â Â Â
A study on the effects of inadequate sport equipment and facilities on sports development and academic performance in primary schools: a case study of Bwari area council of Abuja-Nigeria
Since physical education was designed to help students develop their physical, mental, and social abilities, there is a need to explore the development of sport in Nigerian schools, particularly, in the primary schools. This paper presents the results of a survey that provides insights on the effect of inadequate sporting facilities and equipment on the development of sports in primary schools in Bwari Area Coun-cil, FCT-Abuja, Nigeria. The six month questionnaire study was carried out in fifteen selected primary schools from the four educational zones in the Area Council. The questionnaire was administered to 195 teachers from the selected schools before the data collected was analyzed using simple percentage approach. The study identifies the factors that influence non-participation of schools in this Area council in sport competitions. The academic and social impacts of providing adequate sporting activities, equipment and facilities are discussed before recommending the appropriate programs that can help enhance sport development at the primary school level in Bwari Area Coun-cil and Nigeria at large. Â
Copyright (c) 2018 SPC Journal of Education
Potential impact/effect of alcohol abuse on human development: a theoretical approach
A theoretical survey on the potential impact/effect of alcohol abuse on human development was carried-out. The impact of alcohol abuse on the victims has being proven negative, with consequences like health challenges, financial challenges including societal challenges being identified as factors dragging the society towards ruin. Â Â