Employment and The Occurrence of Early Childhood Caries(ECC) in Children Aged 2–3 Years at PosyanduRambipuji Village, Jember Regency
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14419/70bryx87Published
22-04-2026Keywords:
Early Childhood Caries; ECC; Maternal Employment; Early Childhood; Def-T IndexAbstract
Introduction: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is one of the most common oral health problems in early childhood and can cause both short-term and long-term impacts on children’s quality of life, including the growth and development of permanent teeth. The occurrence of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is closely related to the level of parental involvement, particularly mothers’ involvement in paying attention to and supervising children’s oral hygiene habits from an early age. This level of involvement is strongly influenced by the amount of time mothers can spend with their children in daily life. Therefore, maternal employment status is presumed to be associated with the availability of such time, which in turn may affect the intensity of maternal supervision and guidance in children’s oral health care.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between maternal employment and the occurrence of Early Childhood Caries among children aged 2–3 years at Posyandu Rambipuji village, Rambipuji District, Jember Regency.
Method: This study employed an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The study subjects consisted of 63 children aged 2–3 years who met the inclusion criteria. Data on ECC were obtained through clinical examination using the def-t index, while data on maternal employment status were collected using a demographic questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using univariate and bivariate analyses with Fisher’s Exact Test.
Results: The results showed a statistically significant association between maternal employment status and the occurrence of Early Childhood Caries among children aged 2–3 years. Children of working mothers tended to have higher def-t scores compared to those of non-working mothers. The Fisher’s Exact test showed a p-value of 0.018, indicating a statistically significant association between maternal employment status and Early Childhood Caries occurrence.
Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between maternal employment status and the occurrence of Early Childhood Caries among children aged 2–3 years at Posyandu Rambipuji village. This study can serve as an initial screening to identify children who are at a higher risk of developing dental caries, particularly those whose mothers are employed. By understanding the characteristics of maternal employment and the potential limitations in time that may affect mothers’ involvement in children’s oral health care, preventive efforts can be implemented earlier and in a more targeted manner. Therefore, promotive and preventive oral health interventions can be focused on high-risk groups to more effectively reduce the occurrence of dental caries in early childhood.
References
Natasha, V. P. (2024). Early Childhood Caries : Tinjauan Pustaka. Jurnal Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut (JKGM), 6(2), 169–178. https://doi.org/10.36086/jkgm.v6i2.2515.
Fitriani, N., Flora, R., Zulkarnain, M., Fajar, N. A., Sunarsih, E., & Rahmiwati, A. (2021). Open access. Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science, 1(1), 1–12.
Astuti, E. Y. (2020). Etiologi, Dampak Dan Manajemen Early Childhood Caries (Ecc). Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG), 16(2), 57–60. https://doi.org/10.46862/interdental.v16i2.1297.
Kusumadewi, S. (2017). Taksonomi dan Nomenklatur Gigi. Simdos.Unud.Ac.Id, 1–14. https://simdos.unud.ac.id/uploads/file_penelitian_1_dir/7ad1caefc676c2fffc07dccdc7ed34d1.pdf%0Ahttps://simdos.unud.ac.id/uploads/file_penelitian_1_dir/7ad1caefc676c2fffc07dccdc7ed34d1.pdf.
Chowdhury, S., & Chakraborty, P. pratim. (2017). Universal health coverage ‑ There is more to it than meets the eye. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 6(2), 169–170. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_13_17.
Kurniawati, D., & Hartarto, D. (2022).
Hubungan tingkat pendidikan ibu dengan pola asuh kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada anak usia pra-sekolah
The relationship between a mother’s education level and oral health care pattern for preschool children. Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran, 34(2), 143. https://doi.org/10.24198/jkg.v34i2.37329.Fitriani, I. D., Hikmawati, I., Sodikin, & Azizah, U. (2023). Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat. Seminar Kesehatan Masyarakat, 1, 1. https://jurnalnew.unimus.ac.id/index.php/prosidingfkm. https://doi.org/10.26714/pskm.v1iOktober.232.
Baiju, R. ., Peter, E., Narayan, V., Mary Varughese, J., & Varghese, N. . (2018). Review Article Prevention and Treatment of White Spot Lesions in Orthodontic Patients. Contemporary Clinical Dentistry, 8(September), 11–19.
Noviani, S. E., Pujiastuty, A., & Symod, D. (2022). Hubungan Severe Early Childhood Caries (S-ECC) dengan Status Gizi Anak Usia 36-71 Bulan di Paud Kota Bukittinggi. Andalas Dental Journal, 10(1), 24–30. https://doi.org/10.25077/adj.v10i1.215.
Sari, D. L., & Agustriana, N. (2024). Menggenggam Masa Depan: Panduan Komprehensif Pengembangan Kemampuan Motorik Halus Anak Usia Dini. Penerbit : CV. Edupedia Publisher, 12–13. http://press.eduped.org/index.php/pedia/article/view/21%0Ahttp://press.eduped.org/index.php/pedia/article/download/21/20.
Lammi-Taskula, J., Hietamäki, J., & Repo, K. (2025). Employed Mothers’ Justifications for Using Child Home Care Allowance in Finland. Journal of Family Issues, 46(2), 275–295. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X241257226.
Fitriani, I. D., Hikmawati, I., Sodikin, & Azizah, U. (2023). Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat. Seminar Kesehatan Masyarakat, 1, 1. https://jurnalnew.unimus.ac.id/index.php/prosidingfkm. https://doi.org/10.26714/pskm.v1iOktober.232.
Mamonto, N., Mangantes, M. L., & Naharia, M. (2025). Analisis Work Life Balance pada Singel Mothers Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) di Kota Ko-tamobagu. Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research, 5(4), 4127–4136. https://doi.org/10.31004/innovative.v5i4.20599.
Wardani, L. M. I., & Firmansyah, R. (2021). Work-Life Balance Para Pekerja Buruh. Penerbit NEM. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=g7I2EAAAQBAJ.
Aulia, F. (2025). Peran Istri Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Perekonomian Rumah Tangga Ditinjau dari Ekonomi Islam. 2(2), 50–59. https://doi.org/10.61341/mueamala/v2i2.015.