Association of nurses’ self perception about their public image and their job satisfaction in tertiary care hospitals, Karachi, Pakistan

  • Authors

    • Sarfraz Masih Dow University of Health Sciences, Institute of Nursing, Karachi, Pakistan
    • Laila Gulzar Project Manager, Population Health Management, Quality & Patient Safety Palo Alto Medical Foundation, CA,
    2018-03-13
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijans.v7i1.8407
  • Nurses, Diploma Prepared Nurses, Nursing Profession, Self Perception, Public Image, Job Satisfaction.
  • Purpose: The purpose of the study was to explore association of nurses’ self perception about their public image and job satisfaction in tertiary care hospitals, Karachi, Pakistan.

    Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted on 281 diploma prepared nurses working in two public and two private tertiary care hospitals in Karachi. A combination of probability cluster sampling and non probability convenience sampling techniques were used to select units and the participants from each research setting respectively. Data were collected using the Porter Nursing Image Scale, Index of Work Satisfaction, and a self developed demographic tool by the primary researcher.

    Results: Majority of the participants were women, of ages 20 to 30 years, from private hospitals. Nurses’ self perception about their public image was ranked positive but differed in degree by the tool’s components. Nurses ranked ’Professional Status’ as important for their job satisfaction. A weak negative association was found between nurses’ self perception about their public image’ and level of job satisfaction.

    Conclusion: Nurses, who perceive their public image positively, tend to be satisfied with their job. Nurse leaders need to understand that the efforts to enhance the image of the nursing profession are directly linked with nurses’ job satisfaction.

     

  • References

    1. [1] Achakzai J (2008, May 13) Nurses complain of sexual advances by co-workers. Daily Times. Available at: http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C13%5Cstory_13-5-2008_pg11_9. Accessed August 26, 2015.

      [2] Agenta S (2002) Nurse apprentice 1860- 1977, The ethics & medicine. Available at: http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa4004/is_200210/ai_n9126616. Accessed June 10, 2015.

      [3] Amarsi Y N (1998) Key stakeholders’ perceptions of nursing human resource development in Pakistan: A situational analysis. Unpublished doctorate thesis, McMaster University: Hamilton, Ontario.

      [4] Amarsi Y, Chappy E, Pirmohammad K, Scott P &Holzemer W (1989) Nursing at the Aga Khan University Medical Centre Karachi, Pakistan. AKUMC. Unpublished Study, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.

      [5] Austin J K, Champion V L, &Tzeng OCS (1985) Crosscultural comparison on nursing image. International Journal of Nursing Studies 22, 231- 239.https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7489(85)90006-9.

      [6] Aziz A (2008) Student nurses: Experiences and perceptions of quality assurance in the Basic Nurse Education Programme (BNEP) in Pakistan. The Silent Voice 1, 13-18.

      [7] Azmat H (2008, July) Delayed knots may jeopardize the joys. Monthly Shifa News International. Available at: http://www.shifanews.com/index_eng_dett.php?newsid=158. Accessed September 11, 2014.

      [8] Azmi R (2005, November 24) thinking aloud: Women are more than a match. Daily Times. Available at: http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2005%5C11%5C24%5Cstory_24-11-2005_pg3_2. Accessed August 20, 2014.

      [9] Bahalkani HA, Kumar R, Lakho AR, Mahar B, Mazhar SB et al. (2011) Job satisfaction in nurses working in tertiary level health care settings of Islamabad, Pakistan. Journal of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad 23, 130-133.

      [10] Baumann A (2007) Positive Practice Environments: Quality Workplaces = Quality Patients Care. Information and Action Tool Kit. Geneva: International Council of Nurses.

      [11] Champion V, Austin J, &Tzeng OC (1987) Cross- cultural comparison of images of nurses and physicians. International Nursing Review 34, 43- 48.

      [12] Chan MF, Leong SM, Luk AL, Yeung SM, & Van IK (2010) Exploring the profiles of nurses’ job satisfaction in Macau: results of a cluster analysis. Journal of Clinical Nursing 19, 470-478.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.02902.x.

      [13] Chitrali AQ (2007) He Nursing. Available at: http://www.chitraltimes.com/english07/letteredetail146.htm. Accessed March 19, 2014.

      [14] Curtis EA (2007) Job satisfaction: a survey of nurses in the Republic of Ireland. International Nursing Review 54, 92-99.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-7657.2007.00507.x.

      [15] Dahl M (1992) Nurses: An image change still needed. International Nursing Review 39, 121- 127.

      [16] Fletcher K (2007) Image: Changing how women nurses think about themselves. Literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing 58, 207-215. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04285.x.

      [17] Fung- Kam L (1998) Job satisfaction and autonomy of Hong Kong registered nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing 27, 355- 363. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.1998.00527.x.

      [18] Ghaffar A (2006) Job Satisfaction among registered/ staff nurses of government tertiary care hospitals with schools of nursing in Sindh, Pakistan. Unpublished Master’s thesis, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

      [19] Gul R (2008) the image of nursing from nurses’ and non- nurses’ perspectives in Pakistan. The Silent Voice 1, 4-17.

      [20] Gul R (1998) the image of nursing from nurses and non-nurses’ perspectives in a Pakistani society. Unpublished Master’s Thesis. University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia.

      [21] Gulavani A & Shinde M (2014) Occupational stress and job satisfaction among nurses. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 3, 733-740.

      [22] Hemani H (2003) History of nursing in Pakistan: Better to light a candle than curse the darkness (1st ed.). Peshawar: National Nursing Textbook Board.

      [23] Higher Education Commission, Islamabad, & Pakistan Nursing Council, Islamabad. (2006). Curriculum of Nursing Education BScN. Available at: http://www.hec.gov.pk/AcademicAffairs/Curriculam_Revision/download/2006/nursing-education-booklet.pdf. Accessed August 10, 2015.

      [24] Jaffer S (2003) Job Satisfaction and Nurses’ Intent to Stay in a Private University Hospital in Karachi. Unpublished Master’s thesis, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.

      [25] Kalisch PA & Kalisch BJ (1983) Improving the image of nursing. American Journal of Nursing 83, 48-52. https://doi.org/10.2307/3470127.

      [26] Kalisch PA & Kalisch BJ (1986) A comparative analysis of nurse and physician characters in the entertainment media. Journal of Advanced Nursing 11, 179-195. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.1986.tb01236.x.

      [27] Karanikola MN, Papathanssoglou ED, Giannakopoullou M & Koutroubas A (2007) Pilot exploration of the association between self-esteem and professional satisfaction in Hellenic hospital nurses. Journal of Nursing Management 15, 78- 90. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2934.2006.00673.x.

      [28] Khan MH, Hassan R, Anwar S, Babar TS & Babar KS (2007) Patient satisfaction with nursing care. Rawal Medical Journal 32, 27- 29.

      [29] Khawar H (2003, March 18) Workplace harassment needs to be dealt with. Dawn. Available at: http://www.dawn.com/weekly/folio/folio.htm. Accessed August 29, 2015.

      [30] Khowaja K, Merchant RJ & Hirani D (2005) Registered nurses’ perception of work satisfaction at a tertiary care university hospital. Journal of Nursing Management 13, 32-39.Khursheed I (2008, April 30). Personality. Daily Express, 16. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2834.2004.00507.x.

      [31] Liu C, Zhang L, Ye W, Zhu J, Cao et.al. (2012) Job satisfaction and intention to leave: a questionnaire survey of hospital nurses in Shanghai of China. Journal of Clinical Nursing 21, 255-263. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2011.03766.x.

      [32] Masih S & Gulzar L (2016) Nurses’ self perception about their public image in a metropolitan city, Karachi. Journal of Dow University of Health Sciences 10, 70 – 74.

      [33] Matri S (2003, March) Silence of Lamb. Newsline. Available at: http://www.newsline.com.pk/NewsMar2003/crimemar2003.htm. Accessed March 20, 2015.

      [34] Merriam-Webster’s Online Dictionary (2015- 2016). Image. Available at: http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/image. Accessed July 06, 2016.

      [35] Mowla K (1958) Progress in Pakistan: Pakistani nurses are working with patience and determination for the advancement of their profession. The American Journal of Nursing 58, 237- 239. https://doi.org/10.2307/3461345.

      [36] Nizami A, Rafique I, Aslam F, Minhas FA, Najma N (2006) Occupational stress and job satisfaction among nurses at a tertiary care hospital. Journal of Pakistan Psychiatric Society 3, 25-29.

      [37] Nurse Advocacy (2007). What's the big deal about "naughty nurse" images in the media? I mean, no one believes nurses really dress like that! Available at: http://www.nursingadvocacy.org/faq/naughty_nurse.html. Accessed March 20, 2015.

      [38] Pietersen C (2005) Job satisfaction of hospital nursing staff. SA Journal of Human Resource Management 3, 19-25.https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v3i2.66.

      [39] Peterson J, Hall LM, O'Brien-Pallas L &Cockerill R (2011). Job satisfaction and intentions to leave of new nurses. Journal of Research in Nursing 16, 536 -548.https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987111422423.

      [40] Porter RT, Porter MC & Lower MS (1989) Enhancing the image of nursing. Journal of Nursing Administration 19, 36- 40.https://doi.org/10.1097/00005110-198902010-00008.

      [41] Rafii F & Haghani H (2013) the relationship between ethical climate at work and job satisfaction among nurses in Tehran. Indian Journal of Medical Ethics 10, 238-242.

      [42] Ramoo V, Abdullah KL, Piaw CY (2013) the relationship between job satisfaction and intention to leave current employment among registered nurses in a teaching hospital. Journal of Clinical Nursing 22, 3141-3152.https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.12260.

      [43] Regan M (2005) Virgin nurses and the public image of nursing. Nursing Philosophy 6, 210- 212. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-769X.2005.00222.x.

      [44] Reutter LI & Ford JS (1996) Perceptions of public health nursing: Views from the field. Journal of Advanced Nursing 24, 7- 15. Available at: http:/www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1365-2648.1996.01681.x Accessed March 09, 2015.https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.1996.01681.x.

      [45] Ruggiero JS (2005) Health, work variables, and job satisfaction among nurses. Journal of Nursing Administration 35, 254-263.https://doi.org/10.1097/00005110-200505000-00009.

      [46] Siebens K, Casterle BD, Abraham I, Dierckx K, Braes T, Darras E et al. (2006) The professional self-image of nurses in Belgian hospitals: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies 43, 71-82.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2005.04.004.

      [47] Sindh Governor House, Islamic Republic of Pakistan. (2003, June). Karachi: Nurses ‘training planned. Available at: http://www.governorsindh.gov.pk/pressrelease/news.asp?id=126Accessed August 29, 2015.

      [48] Stamps PL & Market Street Research Inc. (2001) Scoring Workbook for the Index of Work Satisfaction.

      [49] Sullivan P (2001) Nurses decry profession’s 1:19 male-to- female ratio. Canadian Medical Association Journal 164, 1738.

      [50] Takase M (2005) The Relationship between images of Nursing and person-environment fit. Unpublished doctorate dissertation, School of Nursing, University of Melbourne, Australia.

      [51] Takase M, Kershaw E & Burt L (2002) does public image of nurses’ matter? Journal of Professional Nursing 18, 196- 205. https://doi.org/10.1053/jpnu.2002.127014.

      [52] Takase M, Maude P & Manias E (2006). Impact of the perceived public image of nursing on nurses’ work. Journal of Advanced Nursing 53, 333- 343.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.03729.x.

      [53] Tzeng HM (2006) Testing a conceptual model of the image of nursing in Taiwan. International Journal of Nursing Studies 43, 755- 65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2005.10.004.

      [54] Ten HY, Jansen G &Roodbol P (2014) the nursing profession: public image, self-concept and professional identity. A discussion paper. Journal of Advance Nursing 70, 295-309. Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jan.12177/abstract;jsessionid=D2D2DBC47638AD49B8D32FFFFFE1C782.f04t02. Accessed July 8, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.12177.

      [55] Ugwuegbu DCE &Ogundeyin WM (1977) Self-image and job satisfaction of the Nigerian nurse: a comparative study. Journal of Advanced Nursing 2, 29 - 39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.1977.tb03310.x.

      [56] Yaktin US, Azoury NB &Doumit MA (2003) Personal characteristics and job satisfaction among nurses in Lebanon. Journal of Nursing Administration 33, 384-390.https://doi.org/10.1097/00005110-200307000-00006.

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Masih, S., & Gulzar, L. (2018). Association of nurses’ self perception about their public image and their job satisfaction in tertiary care hospitals, Karachi, Pakistan. International Journal of Advanced Nursing Studies, 7(1), 55-61. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijans.v7i1.8407