A home-based health care programme to facilitate coping in survivors of cerebro-vascular accidents and their Caregivers in Oshana Region, Namibia

  • Authors

    • Suama Kuugongelwa University of Namibia
    • Louis Small University of namibia
    2016-07-05
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijans.v5i2.6278
  • Caregivers, Cerebro-Vascular Accidents, Facilitation, Home Care, Optimal Functioning, Survivors.
  • A cerebro-vascular accident entails the sudden death of brain cells resulting from a problem with the blood supply. The patient is consequently left with varying degrees of disability, and usually requires the assistance of a caregiver. This article describes the development of a home-based health care programme intended to facilitate optimal functioning, which formed the final phase of a qualitative study that explored and described the experiences of survivors of cerebrovascular accidents and their caregivers. The development of this programme was based on the four themes that emerged from the original study and which were conceptualised by applying Dickoff, James and Wiedenbach’s (1968) practice theory. These four themes were restructured as four dynamics, namely, reframing knowledge and skills regarding self-care, modifying the daily routine, assisting with the adjustment to altered social relationships, and reframing negative emotions. The programme was implemented over four days and an evaluation was done after two months. The feedback revealed that the survivors and their caregivers had benefitted with regard to the skills and knowledge gained from the educational programme.

  • References

    1. [1] Becker, G. (2004). Continuity after a stroke: Implications for life-course disruptions in old age. Gerontologist, 33, 148–158, Berkeley: University of California Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/33.2.148.

      [2] Boswell, D., & Wingrove, J. M. (2009). The handicapped person in the community: A reader and source book. Retrieved September 29, 2009 from http://books.google.com.na/books?id =MEQOAAAAQAAJ & pg = PA...

      [3] Charmaz, K. (2005). Loss of self: A fundamental for suffering in the chronically ill. Sociology of Health and Illness, 5, 168–195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.ep10491512.

      [4] Cookfair, J. M. (2004). Nursing care in the community (2nd ed.). St Louis, MO: Mosby.

      [5] Dickoff, J., James, P., & Wiedenbach, E. (1968). Theory in a practice discipline: Part 1. Practice oriented theory. American Journal of Nursing Company. Nursing Research, 17(5), September–October, 17(5), 415–444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006199-196809000-00006.

      [6] Donnellan, C., Hevey, D., Hickey, A., & O’Neill, K. (2006). Defining and quantifying coping strategies after stroke: A review. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 77, 1208–1218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2005.085670.

      [7] Doolittle, N. D. (2003). The experience of recovery following lacunar stroke. Rehabilitation Nursing, 17(3), 122–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2048-7940.1992.tb01528.x.

      [8] Gallozi, C. (2008). Coping with guilt. Retrieved from http://www.personal-development.com/chuck/guilt.htm

      [9] Gibson, K., Swartz, L., & Sandenberg.R. (2002). Counseling and coping. Cape Town: Oxford University Press.

      [10] Gitlin, L., Belle, S., Burgio, L., et al. (2003). Effects of multicomponent interventions on caregiver burden and depression: The REACH multisite initiative at 6-month follow up. Psychology of Aging. 8(3), 361–374. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/1037/0882-7974.18.3.361.

      [11] Glanz, K., Rimer, B. K., Viswanath, K. & Orleans C .T. (4th Eds). (2008). Health behavior and health education: Theory, research, and practice (4th ed.). California: Jossey Bass.

      [12] Han, B., & Haley, W. E. (2007). Family caregiving for patients with stroke. Review and Analysis: Stroke, 30(7), 1478–1485.

      [13] Hartz, G. W., & Splain, D. M. (2005). Psychosocial intervention in long-term care: An advanced guide. London: Haworth Press.

      [14] Harway, M. (2006). Treating the changing family: Handling normative and unusual events. Canada: John Wiley.

      [15] Kettunen, T., Oskiparta, M., & Liimatainen, L. (2011). Empowering counselling – a case study: Nurse–patient encounter in a hospital. Health Education Research, 16(2), 227–238. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/her/16.2.227.

      [16] Kim, J. J., & Keshian, J. C. (2007). Old caregivers: A growing challenge for community health nurse. Journal of Community Health Nursing, 11, 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327655jchn1102_1.

      [17] Kuugongelwa, S., & Small, L. (2015). Assessment of experiences of survivors of cerbro-vascular accidents and their caregivers functioning at home in the Oshana region of Namibia. International Journal of Advanced Nursing Studies, 4(2), 153–157. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijans.v4i2.5164.

      [18] Lee-Hood Ahmad, E., Lennihan, L., Moore, S., Naylor, D., Tarvestad, D., & Zorowitz, R. (2009). HOPE: The stroke recovery guide. USA: National Stroke Association.

      [19] Leininger, M. M. (2004). Caring: An essential human need. Proceedings of the Three National Caring Conferences. Wayne State University Press, Detroit, Michigan 48202.

      [20] Low, J. T. S., Roderick, P., & Payne, S. (2004). An exploring looking at the impact of domiciliary and day hospital delivery of stroke rehabilitation on informal carers. Clinical Rehabilitation, 18, 776–784. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0269215504cr748oa.

      [21] Marzo, D. (2009). Why not me? Dealing with survivor guilt in the aftermath of a disaster. Retrieved from http;//www.selfhelpmagazine.com/articles/trauma/guilt.html

      [22] McCann, J. J., & Christiansen, K. E. (2004). Home care. In A. G. Lueckenotte (Ed.), Gerontologic nursing (pp. 913–943). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

      [23] McEwen, M. (2004). Community-based nursing: An introduction. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders.

      [24] McLaughlin, M. (2002). Recovery self-care skills guides available. Mental Health E-News, 02-49. Retrieved August 23, 2009 from http://www.namiscc.org/Recovery/ 2002/Recovery Guides.htm

      [25] McLean, J., Roper-Hall, A., Mayer, P., & Main, A. (2006). Service needs of stroke survivors and their informal carers: A pilot study. Journal Advanced Nursing, 16, 559–564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.1991.tb01691.x.

      [26] McLeod, B. W. (2007). Caregiving: The spiritual journey of love, loss and renewal. New York: John Wiley.

      [27] McMurdo, M. (2003). Stroke (cerebro-vascular accident). Retrieved September 12, 2009 from http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/facts/stroke.htm

      [28] Miller, J. F. (2003). Coping with chronic illness: Overcoming powerlessness (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: FA Davis.

      [29] Ministry of Health & Social Services. (2005). Information system (2001–2005). Oshakati District, Republic of Namibia: HIS Office.

      [30] Ministry of Health & Social Services. (April 2009–February 2010). Information System. Oshakati District, Republic of Namibia: HIS Office.

      [31] Mitchell, G, R. (2011). Empowering caregivers. Retrieved December 1, 2011 from www.caregivers.com

      [32] Mui, A. C. (2006). Caring for frail elderly parents: A comparison of adult sons and daughters. The Gerontologist, 35, 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/35.1.86.

      [33] Myco, F. (2006). Nursing care of the hemiplegic stroke patient (1st ed.). London: Harper and Row.

      [34] Parks, S. H., & Pilisuk, M. (2005). Caregiver burden: Gender and psychological costs of caregiving. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 61, 501–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0079290.

      [35] Peu, M. D. (2008). Home/community-based care. Pretoria: Van Schaik.

      [36] Reinardy, J. R., Kane, R. A., Huck, S., Thiede Call, K., & Shen, C. (2007). Beyond burden: Two ways of looking at care given burden. Res Aging, 21, 106–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0164027599211005.

      [37] Ritcher, S., & Peu, M. D. (2004). The educational and supportive needs of informal caregivers working at Refentse Clinic, Hammanskraal. Curationis, 27(1), 31–40.

      [38] Rodgers, H., Bond, S., & Curless, R. (2005). Inadequacies in the provision of information to stroke patients and their families. Age Ageing, 30, 129–133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/30.2.129.

      [39] Senelick, R. C., Rossi, P. W., & Dougherty, K. (2005). Living with stroke: A guide for families: Help and new hope for all those touched by stroke. New York: McGraw-Hill.

      [40] Smit, J., Forster, A., & Young, J. (2004). A randomized trial to evaluate an education programme for patients and carers after stroke. Clinical Rehabilitation, 18, 726–736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0269215504cr790oa.

      [41] Smith, C. E. (2004). Caregiving effectiveness in families managing complex technology at home: Replication of a model. Nursing Research, 48, 120–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006199-199905000-00002.

      [42] Stajduhar, K., Leigh Martin, W., Barwish, D., & Fyle, G. (2008). Factors influencing family caregivers’ ability to cope with providing end-of-life cancer care at home. Cancer Nursing 31(1), 77–85. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.NCC.0000305686.36637.b5.

      [43] Stanhope, M., & Lancaster, L. (2000). Community health nursing: Process and practice for promoting health. Washington, DC: Mosby.

      [44] Trochim, W. M. K. (2006). Social interaction. Retrieved August 23, 2009 from http//wikipedia.org/wiki/Social interaction

      [45] Van Excel, N. J. A., Scholte, W. J. M., Brouwer, W. B. F., Van der Berg, B., Koopmanschap, M. A., & Van den Bos, G. A. M. (2004). Instruments for assessing the burden of informal caregiving for stroke patients in clinical practice. Journal Clinical Rehabilitation, 18, 203–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0269215504cr723oa.

      [46] Wellwood, I., Dennis, M. S., & Warlow, C. P. (2007). Perceptions and knowledge of stroke among surviving patients with stroke and their carers. Age Ageing, 23, 293–298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/23.4.293.

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Kuugongelwa, S., & Small, L. (2016). A home-based health care programme to facilitate coping in survivors of cerebro-vascular accidents and their Caregivers in Oshana Region, Namibia. International Journal of Advanced Nursing Studies, 5(2), 122-126. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijans.v5i2.6278