Effects of roadside dust pollution on fruit trees of miyyaghundi (Quetta) and ghanjdori (mastung), Pakistan

  • Authors

    • Shehnaz Sher Ahmed M.Phil scholar Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University Quetta,Pakistan
    • Rukhsana Jabeen
    • Saima Johar
    • Mahjabeen Hameed
    • Shazia Irfan
    2015-12-12
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijbas.v5i1.5477
  • Dust Pollution, Closure of Stomata, Accumulated Dust on Leaves, Effect on Fruit Production.
  • The research was conducted to evaluate the effects of road side dust pollution on fruit trees of Miyyaghundi (Quetta) and Ghanjdori (Mastung), Pakistan. The data were collected from the two orchards near the road where the road construction was in process. The effect of road side dust was observed on the leaves of trees growing at the edges of orchards as compare to those trees growing in the center of orchards. The highest percentage of dust was observed on the leaves of Pyrus malus L. (apple) which was (1.05 g) grown at the edges of an orchard compared to those leaves growing in the center of an orchard. The lowest dust (0.08 g) was observed on the leaves of Prunus domestica L. (plum) that were away from the road. Closure of stomata was observed highly affecting the trees grown at the edges of orchards compared to the central ones. The highest mean for closed stomata was (419.3) recorded in P. malus, grown at the edges of an orchard and the lowest mean (75) was recorded in P. domestica. The fruit production was also observed, the highest mean was recorded in Apple (pyrus malus L.) before road construction in central trees of Miyyaghundi which was (200 kg). The lowest mean for fruit production was recorded in Apple (pyrus malus L.) trees grown at the edges of an orchard that was (15 kg).

  • References

    1. [1] Aggarwal, P. 2000. The effect of auto-exhaust pollution on leaf surface of Cassia siamea (L.), a road side tree. Acta Ecologica 22:101-106.

      [2] Anonymous.1999. Agricultural Statistics of Pakistan. 1998-99. Government of Pakistan, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Food, Agriculture and Livestock Division (Economic Wing), Islamabad.

      [3] Anonymous. 2004. U.S. EPA, Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter, US Environmental Protection Agency.

      [4] Anwar, B. 2011. Balochistan: Improving fruit production. Daily Dawn Newspaper, (23 May).

      [5] Atiq-Ur-Rehman,S., and M.Z. Iqbal.2008. Level of heavy metals on the Foliage of naturally growing plants collected from Korangi and Landhi industrial areas of Karachi city < Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 40(2), 785-789.

      [6] Auto exhaust pollution. Journal of Environmental Biology 21 (1): 15-21.

      [7] Bernatzky, A.1978. Tree Ecology and Preservation, Development in Agricultural and management Forest Ecology, 2 Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co.New York.

      [8] Bhatti, G.H and M.Z. Iqbal.1988. Investigation into the effect of automobile exhausts on the phenology, periodicity and productivity of some roadside trees. Acta Sac. Bot. Polon, 57:395-399 http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1988.038.

      [9] Casselles, J.1998. Levels of lead and other metals in Citrus alongside a motor road. Water, Air, Soil Pollute, 105:593 – 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004937224850.

      [10] Chaudary, M.I.1994. Fruit crops book of Horticulture, Sponsored by United states Agency for international Deveploment Mission to Pakistan. Published by the National Book Foundation Islamabad.

      [11] Cowan, L. R. 1982. Regulation of water use in relation to carbon gain in higher plants. In "Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology" 0.L Lange and J. D.Bewley, eds, 12, 535-562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68150-9_18.

      [12] Dineva, S.2004. Comparative studies of the leaf morphology and structure of white ash Fraxinus americana L. and London plane tree Platanus acerifolia willd. Growing in polluted area. Dendrobiology. 52, 3-8.

      [13] Dineva, S.2006. Development of leaf blades of Acer platanoides in industrially contaminated environment. Dendrobiology 55, 25-32.

      [14] Dogan, Y., N. DURKAN, S. BASLAR. 2007. Trace element pollution biomonitoring using the bark of Pinus brutia (Turkish red pine) in the Western Anatolian part of Turkey. - Trace Elements and Electrolytes, 24, 146-150. http://dx.doi.org/10.5414/TEP24146.

      [15] Farmer, A.M.1993. The effects of dust on vegetation - a review. Environ. Pollut. 79:63-75 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(93)90179-R.

      [16] Feng,H., L. An., L. Tan., Z. Ho., X. Wang., 2000. Effects of enhanced Ultra violate-B radiation on pollen germination and tube growth of 19 Taxa in Vitro. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 43, 45-53 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0098-8472(99)00042-8.

      [17] Gajghate, D.G. and M.Z. Hassan. 1999. Ambient lead levels in urban areas. Bull. Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 62, 403-408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001289900889.

      [18] Gangloff, D. and G. Moll.1987. In the United States. Unaslyva, 39, 36–45

      [19] Gostin I.N.2009. Air pollution effects on the leaf structure of some Fabaceae species. Not. Bot. Hort. Agrobot. Cluj, 37, 57–63.)

      [20] Gratani, L., M.F. Crescente and M. Petruzzi.2000. Relationship between leaf life – span and photosynthetic activity of Quercus ilex in polluted urban areas (Rome). Environmental Pollution, 110, 19-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00285-7.

      [21] Gravano, E., Gilnlietti, V., Desotgiu, R., Bussotti, F., Grossoni, P., Gerosa, G & Tani, C. (2003). Foliar response of an Ailanthus altissima clone in two sites with different levels of ozone-pollution. Environmental Pollution 121 (1), 137-146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00180-X.

      [22] Grodzinka, K. 1977. Acidity of tree bark as a bioindicator of forest pollution in southern Poland. Water, Air, Soil Pollution, 8, 3 – 7.

      [23] Gupta, M.C and A.K.M. Ghouse.1988. Effects of coal smoke pollutants from different sources in the growth, chlorophyll content, stem anatomy and cuticular traits of Euphorbia hirta L. Environmental Pollution 47, 221-230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(87)90212-0.

      [24] Hampp, R and W. Ho¨ll.1974. Radial and axial gradient of lead concentration in bark and xylem of hardwoods. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol, 2, 143 – 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01975468.

      [25] Inamdar, J.A. and G.S. Chaudhari.1984. Effect of environmental pollutants on leaf epidermis and leaf architecture of Peristrophe bicalyculata. Journal of plant Anatomy and Morphology 1, 1-8.

      [26] Iqbal, M.Z.1985. Cuticular and anatomical studies of white clover leaves from clean and air-polluted areas. Pollution Research 4, 59-61.

      [27] Jarvis, P. G and I.A. Mansfield. 1981. Stomatal Physiology. Cambridge University Press, London.

      [28] Kabir,M., M. ZafarIqbal and M. Shafiq. 2012. Traffic dansity, Climatic conditions and seasonal growth of Samanea Saman ( Jacq) Merr. On different polluted roads of Karachi area. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 44(6), 1881-1890

      [29] Karandinos, H.G., G.K. Papakostidis and A.A. Fantinnou.1985. In: Lekkas TD, editor. Heavy metals in the environment. International Conference, Athens. Edinburgh: CEP-Consultants, 602 – 6.

      [30] KOVÃCS, M.1992. Trees as biological indicators. – In: Kovacs M. (Ed.) Biological indicators in environmental protection. New York, Ellis Harwood, 207.

      [31] Kulshreshtha, K., K. Srivastava and K.J. Ahmad.1994. Effect of automobile exhaust pollution on leaf surface structure of cuticular and epidermal features of Lantana camara Linn. And Syzygium cumini Linn. (Skeels). Journal of Environmental Science.

      [32] Kumar, P. and S. Bhathacharya.1999. Down to Earth. 7, 32-40.

      [33] Li, M.H.2003. Peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities in fig leaves in response to ambient air pollution in a subtropical city. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol, 45, 168-176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-003-0154-x.

      [34] Mage, D., G. Ozolins., Y. Peterson., A. Webster., R. Orthofer., R. Vandeweerd and Gwyane, R.1996. Urban Air Pollution in Mega City of the World. Atmospheric Environment, 30, 681-686. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(95)00219-7.

      [35] Malhotra, S.S and D. Hocking.1976. Biochemical and cytological effects of sulphur dioxide on plant metabolism. New Phytol. 76, 227-237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1976.tb01456.x.

      [36] Mandre, M.2002. Relationships between lignin and nutrients in Picea abies L. under alkaline air pollution. Water Air Soil Polution, 133, 361-377.

      [37] Mandre, M., J. KlõÅeiko., K. Ots and L. Tuulmets.1999. Changes in photomaas and nutrient partitioning in young conifers in extreme alkaline growth conditions. Environ. Pollution, 105, 209-220.

      [38] Mayer, H.1999. Air Pollution in Cities. Atmospheric Environment, 33, 4029-4037.

      [39] Meidner, H and L.A. Mansfield.1968. Physiology of Stomata" McGraw-Hill, London, Ting, L. P. (1985) Crassulacean acid metabolism. Annu .Rev .Plant Physiol, 36, 595-622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.36.060185.003115.

      [40] Momani, K., A. Jiries and Q. Jaradat.2000. Atmospheric deposition of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd in Amman, Jordan. Turk Journal of Chemistry, 24, 231 – 7.

      [41] Nabais, C., H. Freitas and J. Hagemeyer.1999. Dendroanalysis: a tool for biomonitoring environmental pollution? Sci. Total Environ, 232 (2), 33-37.

      [42] Nergiz, C and Y. Engez.2000. Compositional variation of olive fruit during ripening. Food Chemistry, 69, 55-59.

      [43] Novak, K., J. Skelly., M. Schaub., V. Kraeuchi., C. Hug., W. Landlot and P. Bleuler.2003. Ozone air pollution and foliar injury on native plants of Switzerland. Environmental Pollution 125 (1), 41-52.

      [44] Odukoya, O.O., T.A Arowolo and O. Bamgbose.2000. Pb, Zn, and Cu levels in tree barks as indicator of atmospheric pollution. Environ Int, 26, 11 – 6.

      [45] Oliva S.R and B. Valdés.2003. Metal concentrations in Seville orange (Citrus aurantium) fruits from Seville (Spain) and Palermo (Italy). Ann. Bot. Fenn. 40(5), 339-344.

      [46] Oliva S.R., B. Valdés and M. D. Mingorance.2008. Evaluation of some pollutant levels in bitter orange trees: Implications for human health. Food Chem. Toxicol. 46, 65-72.

      [47] Pacheco, A.M.G., M.C. Freitas, L.I.C., R. Baros and Figueria.2001. Investigating tree bark as an air pollution biomonitor by means of neutron activation analysis. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 249 (2), 327-331.

      [48] Pal, A., K. Kulshreshtha., K.J. Ahmad and H.M. Behl.2002. Do leaf surface characters play a role in plant resistance to auto–exhaust pollution? Flora, 197, 47-55.

      [49] Palaniswamy, M., T. Gunamani and K. Swaminathan.1995. Effect of air pollution caused by automobile exhaust gasses on crop plants. Proc. Acad. Environ biol, 4, 225-260.

      [50] PETROVA S.2011. Biomonitoring study of air pollution with Betula pendula Roth, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. Ecologia Balkanica, 3(1), 1-10.

      [51] Prajapati, S. K., S.K. Pandey and B.D. Tripathi.2006. Monitoring of vehicles derived particulates using magnetic properties of leaves. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 120(1-3), 169-175

      [52] Prajpati, S.K.2012. Biomontoring and speciation of roadside for heavy metals using Calotropis procera AND Delbergia sissoo. Environmental Skeptics and Critics, 1(4), 61-64

      [53] Rai, A., K. Kulshreshtha, P.K. Srivastava, and C.S. Mohanty.2009. Leaf surface structure alterations due to particulate pollution in some common plants. Environmentalist, 30, 18-23.

      [54] Rosen, P.M., R.C. Musselman and W.J. Kender1978. Relationship of stomatal resistance to sulfur dioxide and ozone injury in grapevines. Sci Hortic, 8, 137-142.

      [55] Sahan Y. and F. Basoglu.2009. Heavy metal pollution in olives grown in Bursa, Turkey. Asian Journal of chemistry, 21, 3023-3029.

      [56] Saralabai, V.C. and M. Vivekanandan.1995. Effect of application of cement exhaust on germination and seedling growth of legumes. Indian J. Pl. Physiol., 3, 257-259.

      [57] Sawdis, T., M.K. Chettri., A. Papaioannou., G. Zachariadis and J. Stratis.2001. A study of metal distribution from lignite fuels using trees as biological monitors, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 48, 27-35.

      [58] Scerbo R., L. Possenti., L. Lampugnani., T. Ristori., R. Barale and C. Barghigiani.2002. Lichen (Xanthoria parietina) biomonitoring of trace element contamination and air quality assessment in Livorno province (Tuscany, Italy). Sci Total Environ, 286 (1 – 3), 27 – 40.

      [59] Semiprocessed vegetables by dehydration. Industria Conserve 61(2), 147-151.

      [60] Shah,N.A., M. Afzal and A. H. Bajoi. 2000. Effect of Drought on the performance of Major Fruits in Highland Balochistan, AERU staff paper, 2, 2001

      [61] Sharma, M and A.N. Roy.1995. Effect of automobile exhaust on the leaf epidermal features of Azadirachta indica and Dalbergia sissoo. Int. Journal of Mendel, 12 (1-4), 18-19.

      [62] Singh, N., M. Yunus., K. Srivastava., S.N. Singh., V. Pandey., J. Misra and K. J. Ahmad. 1995. Monitiring of auto exhaust pollution by road side plants. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 34, 13-25.

      [63] Trivedi, M.L. and R.S. Singh.1990. Effect of air pollution on epidermal structures of Croton bonplandianum Baill. New Botanist, 17 (3-4), 225-229.

      [64] Turunen, M., Huttunen, S., 1990. A review of the response of epicuticular wax of conifer needles to air pollution. Journal of Environmental Quality, 19, 35-45.

      [65] Ward N.I., R.R. Brooks and R.D. Reeves.1974. Effect of lead from motor vehicle exhausts on trees along a major through fare in Palmerston North, New Zealand. Environ Pollution, 6, 149 – 58.

      [66] Wasim, M.R.2011. Trends, growth and variability of major fruit crops in Balochistan, Pakistan: 1989-2009. ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science, 6, 27-36.

      [67] Weyers, J. D B and H. Meidner.1990. Methods of Stomatal Research. Longman, Scientific & Technical, UK.

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Ahmed, S. S., Jabeen, R., Johar, S., Hameed, M., & Irfan, S. (2015). Effects of roadside dust pollution on fruit trees of miyyaghundi (Quetta) and ghanjdori (mastung), Pakistan. International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(1), 38-44. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijbas.v5i1.5477