2024-03-29T14:44:30Z
http://www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/IJBR/oai
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/703
2014-11-13T03:02:43Z
IJBR:ART
"130312 2013 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Reduced glutathione and acetylcholinesterase expressions in Perna indica exposed to trivalent arsenic
Rajkumar, J S I
In the present study Indian brown mussel, Perna indica was exposed to 20, 40, 80, 160 and 320 ppb (µg/l) arsenic concentrations under short-term chronic toxicity bioassay (14 days) for the assessment of reduced glutathione and acetylcholinesterase as potential biochemical biomarkers in arsenic pollution. A higher level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and increased acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity was expressed when compared to control in 160 and 320 ppb arsenic concentration. The found values were significant at P<0.01. The values of total protein were significantly lower (P<0.05) in all the exposed concentration when compared with control. This study suggests that metabolites and antioxidant enzymes activity was affected by heavy metal exposures and strongly have the potential as indicators of heavy metal contamination and arsenic in specific. Hence, the determination of oxidative stress biomarkers in Perna indica may serve as a convenient approach during pollution biomonitoring programme.
Science Publishing Corporation
2013-03-12 05:23:57
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2013)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/754
2014-11-13T03:02:44Z
IJBR:ART
"130407 2013 eng "
2307-9029
dc
ß-Glucuronidase as a new potent biomarker in the diagnosis and prognosis of organophosphorus toxicity
Kale, Bhagwat
Background: Organophosphorus poisoning occurs as a result of accidental exposure, suicidal and homicidal attempts. Organophosphorus compounds are known to cause selective release of liver microsomal ß-glucuronidase (BG) into serum. Dissociation of the egasyn – ß-glucuronidase complex in the liver by organophosphorus compounds was followed by a massive release of ß-glucuronidase from liver into the serum.
Objectives: There are few papers suggesting increase in activity of ß-glucuronidase (BG) in serum of experimental animals subjected to organophosphorus poisoning. But, still there is less or no such study in human beings having organophosphorus poisoning. Thus, aim of our this research was to estimate and correlate activity of ß-glucuronidase (BG) in different stages of organophosphorus poisoning.
Methods: ß-glucuronidase (BG) activity was determined by Goldstein method.
Results and Conclusions: We found that the serum activity of ? – glucuronidase (BG) proportionally increases (p < 0.01) and correlates with severity of organophosphorus poisoning. Further, there was found a significant increase in ? – glucuronidase (BG) activity in low dose (mild) poisoning also. Thus, ? – glucuronidase (BG) can be used as a potent biochemical marker in the diagnosis and prognosis of organophosphorus poisoning along with acetylcholinesterase or may also without acetylcholinesterase.
Science Publishing Corporation
2013-03-12 05:23:57
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http://www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/IJBR/article/view/754
International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2013)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/1093
2014-11-13T03:02:45Z
IJBR:ART
"130728 2013 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Xanthine Oxidase and Paraoxonase – 1 as a new markers in the diagnosis and prognosis of organophosphorus pesticide poisoning
Kale, Bhagwat
Background: Acetylcholinesterase is already well known marker for organophosphorus poisoning in human beings. But, our interest was to known for another new markers. There is high limited study on xanthine oxidase and paraoxonase 1 in human beings having organophosphorus poisoning. Thus, aim of our this research was to estimate and correlate activities of xanthine oxidase and paraoxonase 1 in different stages of organophosphorus poisoning in a way to find out potential of these enzymes as marker of organophosphorus poisoning in human beings.
Method: Xanthine oxidase (XO) activity was determined by Roussos method while paraoxonase (PON1) activity was determined by spectrophotometric method.
Result: As compared to healthy controls, the activities of paraoxonase 1 were continuously and significantly decreased (p < 0.01) from group I to group V, while, the activities of xanthine oxidase were continuously and significantly increased (p < 0.01) from group I to group V in organophosphorus poisoned patients.
Conclusion: We found a proportional increase in xanthine oxidase (XO) and a proportional decrease in paraoxonase 1 activity with severity of organophosphorus poisoning. Increase in xanthine oxidase activity is less significant compared to decrease in activity of paraoxonase 1. However, xanthine oxidase activity is a marker of oxidative stress developed in organophosphorus poisoning. Thus, paraoxonase 1 (PON1) can be used as a potent biochemical marker in the diagnosis and prognosis of organophosphorus poisoning along with xanthine oxidase (XO).
Science Publishing Corporation
2013-07-28 05:34:31
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2013)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/1223
2014-11-13T03:02:47Z
IJBR:ART
"130917 2013 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Studies of the Fecundity of Sind Sardine fish, Sardinella sindensis (Day, 1878) (Family: Clupeidaee), from Karachi Coast, Pakistan.
safi, Amtyaz
Dept. of Zoology, Sir Syed govt. Girls college, Karachi.
Hashmi, Usman
Dept. of Zoology, Dehli Govt. Science College, Karachi.
Khan, Atiqullah
Dept. of Zoology, university of Karachi.
Khan, Zaheer
Dept. of Zoology, university of Karachi.
Sardinella sindensis is one of the dominant small pelagic fish of Karachi coast of Pakistan. Investigation on fecundity of sind sardinella was studied from January 2001 to April 2002. A total of 37 ovaries were examined of stages IV-VI (when not running). Mean fecundity ranged from 47521 to 110876 eggs. Log-log relationship between fecundity with total body-length, fish-weight & ovary weight were correlated. Therefore it may be mentioned that the fecundity is generally proportional to the size of the ovary, which in turn is related to the size of the fish. The mean number of ova/g body weight and mean number of ova/g ovary weight were found to be 2425.250 and 9537.855 respectively. The gonads are two lobed; the left lobe is more fecund than the right one.
Science Publishing Corporation
2013-07-28 05:34:31
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2013)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/1282
2014-11-13T03:02:48Z
IJBR:ART
"130924 2013 eng "
2307-9029
dc
A Comparative Study on Extraction, Purification and Characterization of Amylase Enzyme from Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus awamori
G, Swaroop
Newcastle University, United Kingdom
Karakaraddi, Dr Ashwini
Bangalore University
Kumar G, Vinod
Rajiv gandhi University of Health Sciences
Amylase is an enzyme, which is produced by the microorganisms, which has many applications in today’s market. Amylase is required in digestion of carbohydrates into smaller units and eventually converting them into even smaller units such as glucose. It is also involved in inflammatory reaction, such as those caused by the release of histamine and similar substances. A number of digestive enzymes including amylase are required to produce fructose in large quantities. Objective of our research is to study the comparative production of amylase enzyme from both the fungal strains of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus awamori which are used as the digestive enzymes in baby foods. In this study we have investigated the level of amylase produced by the each Aspergillus strain, isolation and characterization will be discussed in detail.
Science Publishing Corporation
2013-07-28 05:34:31
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2013)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/1284
2014-11-13T03:02:49Z
IJBR:ART
"130923 2013 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Co-relation between xanthine oxidase and ceruloplasmin in acute myocardial infarction
Kale, Bhagwat
Kale Bhagwat
Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry,
Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay Dental College, Kegaon, Solapur, Maharashtra.
Myocardial ischemia results from the reduction of coronary flow to such an extent that supply of oxygen to the myocardium does not meet the oxygen demand of myocardial tissue. Xanthine oxidoreductase, under normal conditions, exists in dehydrogenase form. Under ischemic conditions it is converted into xanthine oxidase. Ceruloplasmin is ?2 globulin –a glycoprotein, an acute phase protein synthesized by the liver in response to tissue damage. Our aim in this study was to determine levels of xanthine oxidase and ceruloplasmin in acute myocardial infarction.
We found that, xanthine oxidase activity in acute myocardial infarction patients increases significantly (p < 0.01) upto 12 hours and then slowly decreases. The maximum activity is found after 12 hours of acute myocardial infarction. While, ceruloplasmin level in the serum of patients increases significantly (p < 0.01) upto 48 hours and then slowly decreases. We found xanthine oxidase and ceruloplasmin have no specific co-relation between them. But, still it is found that xanthine oxidase activity reaches to peak more early as compared to ceruloplasmin.
Thus, it is concluded xanthine oxidase is more potent in diagnosis and prognosis of acute myocardial infarction and can be utilized as a marker of oxidative stress developed in acute myocardial infarction.
Science Publishing Corporation
2013-07-28 05:34:31
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2013)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/1317
2014-11-13T03:02:51Z
IJBR:ART
"131122 2013 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Meatproteome of 2, 4-D degradation analysis between agro chemical contaminated soils
Dakshinamoorthy, Karthika
Solomon Ebenezer, King
Velu, Rajesh Kannan
Bioremediation is a process to remove pollutants from soil by employing microorganism. One of the most major herbicide that contaminates soil is 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. There are several molecular and proteomics analyses have been used to find out the biological interaction, but metaproteomics is an ideal tool to study the biological interactions between soil and microorganisms in the ecosystem. The present study has focused on to identify the removal of 2, 4-D by soil microbes. The 2, 4-D degrading bacteria from these soil samples were produced chlorocatechol dioxygenases. Here, 2, 4-D enriched soil samples were studied through experimentally with HPLC and metaproteome of soil were analyzed using SDS-PAGE. Based on the study it has revealed that sample 1 and 3 completely degraded but sample 2 was degraded only 80% on significantly. The preliminary reports of the soil bioremediation study have been provided a paradigm for metaproteomic research on soil biology.
Science Publishing Corporation
2013-07-28 05:34:31
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2013)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/1348
2014-12-19T12:37:36Z
IJBR:ART
"131109 2013 eng "
2307-9029
dc
The effects of increased temperature and CO2 on the Amazon fish, tambaqui (Collosoma macropomum, Cuvier, 1818)
Safi, Amtyaz
SIR SYED GOVT. GIRLS COLLEGE, KARACHI, PAKISTAN.
Baptista, Ramon Barros
Array
The effect of Changed temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) variations on LDH (Lactate de Hydrogenase), MDH (Malate de Hydrogenase) & GST (Glutathione-S-Transferase) enzymes of muscles and MDH & GST Enzymes of liver of Tambaqui fish (Collosoma macropomum, Cuvier, 1818) were studied in the Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution (LEEM) of the National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA). The initiative involves exposing fish to a temperature rise from 28C to 32C and a CO2 concentration up to 10 times higher than today for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The level of LDH, GST and MDH in both the tissues of Tambaqui (Muscles & Liver) showed a significant decreased at different exposure period. The level of Glucose in blood showed decreased and the values of Hb, Ht, RBC, VCM, HCM & CHCM showed increased at that exposure.
Science Publishing Corporation
2013-07-28 05:34:31
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2013)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/1368
2014-11-13T03:02:53Z
IJBR:ART
"131111 2013 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Impacts of Inclusion of Column Feeder Rohu (Labeo Rohita) at Different Stocking Densities on Growth and Production in Freshwater Prawn-Finfish Polyculture System
Ahsan, Md. Emranul
Patuakhali Science and Technology University
Wahab, Md. Abdul
Bangladesh Agricultural University
Siddik, M.A.B.
Alam, M.A.
Sharker, M.R.
Nahar, A.
An experiment was conducted to assess the impacts of inclusion of column feeder rohu (Labeo rohita) on growth and production in freshwater prawn-carp-mola polyculture system at the Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh for a period of 172 days (June - December, 2008). Four stocking densities of Rohu were maintained as 500, 1,000, 1,500 and 2,000 ha-1in treatment R500, R1000, R1500 and R2000, respectively in triplicates. All ponds each 120 m2 were stocked with juvenile freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), catla (Catla catla) and small fish mola (Amblypharyngodon mola) at the fixed stocking densities of 20,000, 1,500, 1,000 and 20,000 ha-1, respectively. Prawns were fed with pelleted feed twice daily started initially with 10% and gradually reduced to 3% of body weight and continued throughout the study period. All fish were fed with mixture of soaked rice bran and mustard oilcake (2:1) at the rate of 3% of the body weight daily. All the water quality parameters such as temperature, transparency, pH, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, NH3-N, NO2-N, NO3-N, PO4-P and chlorophyll-a did not differed significantly (>0.05) among the treatments. The survival rate, mean individual weight and production of prawn were decreased with increasing density of rohu. Therefore, the density of rohu significantly (P<0.05) influenced the growth and production of freshwater prawn. Catla and Mola production were affected adversely with increasing rohu density. The production of rohu increased with increasing density although the individual weight decreased. The combined production of all finfish was significantly lower in R0 whereas, the combined production of all species including prawn did not differ significantly (P<0.05) among the treatments. The treatments R0 and R500 fetched higher net profit without significant difference between them. Therefore, inclusion of rohu at a density of 500 ha-1 may be recommended for prawn-carp-mola polyculture.
Science Publishing Corporation
2013-07-28 05:34:31
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2013)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/1375
2014-11-13T03:02:55Z
IJBR:ART
"131028 2013 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Studies on Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) & Sex Ratio of Sind Sardine fish, Sardinella sindensis (Day, 1878) (Family: Clupeidae) of Karachi Coast, Pakistan.
Safi, Amtyaz
SIR SYED GOVT. GIRLS COLLEGE, KARACHI, pAKISTAN.
Hashmi, Usman Ali
Dept. of zoology, Dehli Govt. science College, Karachi.
The sex ratio & Gonadosomatic index of sind sardine, Sardinella sindensis (Day, 1878) of Karachi coast, Pakistan were investigated. Sardinella sindensis had sex ratio of 1: 1.25 (male to female). The difference in sex ratio was not significantly different (p > 0.05) from the expected theoretically 1: 1 distribution except April 2002.
The highest Gonadosomatic index value in males during June – August were 3.813 to 4.078, while in females the high values during June – August were found to be 3.157 to 5.616, which suggested the spawning period. The highest GSI value in males were 2.548 to 2.711 in size groups of 170 – 199Mm and the lowest GSI value were 0.627 – 0.746 recorded in 110 – 129Mm, while in females at high values were 3.769 to 4.550 in 180 – 209 Mm Size groups and the lowest GSI values were 0.686 to 1.064 in 100 – 139 Mm size groups. The results will increase our knowledge of reproductive biology of Sardinella sindensis which is relevant for fisheries and aquaculture management as well as breeding programmes.
Science Publishing Corporation
2013-07-28 05:34:31
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2013)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/1383
2014-11-13T03:02:56Z
IJBR:ART
"131028 2013 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Serum paraoxonase-1 activity as a novel marker in the diagnosis and prognosis of hyperthyroidism
Kale, Bhagwat
Lecturer,
Department of Biochemistry
Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay Dental College and Hospital, Kegaon,
Dist : Solapur (Maharashtra)
Thyrotoxicosis or hyperthyroidism is the clinical syndrome caused by an excess of circulating free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine, or both. It was first diagnosed in 1979 in the US. Since this time, the frequency of this diagnosis has increased. It is common, affecting about 2% of women and 0.2% of men. The most common causes of Thyrotoxicosis are Graves' disease and formation of multinodular goiter and autonomously functioning solitary thyroid nodule. In excessive production of thyroid hormones, the basal metabolic rate can be increased by 100%. Hyperthyroidism also induces a hyperdynamic cardiovascular state that is associated with tachycardia, systolic hypertension, atrial fibrillation and increased cardiovascular mortality. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship among the serum PON-1 activity, lipid profile, and thyroid hormone level in patients with hyperthyroidism. In our research, we have estimated PON 1 activity in hyperthyroidism. We found the PON 1 activity decreased in the hyperthyroid patients (144.89 ± 3.27 U/ml) as compared to controls (214.71 ± 5.46 U/ml) significantly (p < 0.05). The thyroid hormones T3 and T4 also significantly increases (p < 0.001) in hyperthyroidism. In case of lipid profile triacylglycerol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol as well as VLDL cholesterol was also found significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in hyperthyroidism. In our study, we found a decrease in triacylglycerol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol as well as VLDL cholesterol. However, the decrease in HDL, LDL and VLDL cholesterol may also be associated with other disorders. Further, the blood quantity required for lipid profile is large (5 ml) and patients have to be fast for at least 14 hours. Similarly, estimation of lipid profile is time consuming method and hence it is not preferable as a marker.
The increase in thyroid hormones T3 and T4 significantly correlates with hyperthyroidism. However, estimation of thyroid hormone also required large (5 ml) quantity of blood sample. Similarly, the sample required should be always fresh. The estimation is carried generally by enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) which is time consuming and costly method. But, on the other hand quantity of blood sample required for estimation of PON 1 activity is very less (1 ml). The estimation of PON 1 activity is easy and the method is chief. The most important thing is that PON 1 activity is decreased only in few disorders. Further, it correlates well with severity of hyperthyroidism. Thus, PON 1 activity is a novel marker in the diagnosis and prognosis of hyperthyroidism.
Science Publishing Corporation
2013-07-28 05:34:31
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2013)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/1417
2014-11-13T03:02:57Z
IJBR:ART
"140211 2014 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Effect of combined oral contraceptive (Duofem) on platelet indices in female wistar rats
TORYILA, JOSEPH EMBERGA
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY DEPARTMENT, FACULTY OF MEDICINE,AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY,ZARIA.
K., Amadi
S.A, Odeh
U.G, Egesie
A.B, Adelaiye
A., Mohammed
L.N, Achie
D., Atsukwei
This research is aimed at determining the effect of low dose combined oral contraceptive (Duofem) on platelet count and mean platelet volume.
Methods: 80 female wistar rats weighing 180 to 250g were used for the study. They were divided into four groups of 20 rats each (each group containing 10 treated and 10 control rats). The treated rat received 0.66mg/kg body weight of combined oral contraceptive intragastrically, for 36, 48, 60 and 72 days in five-day cycles (four-day treatment with one-day break). Rats in control groups remain a standard chow and water. Platelet count and mean platelet volume were determined using Symex Kx21-N Haematology auto analyzer.
Results: There were no significant difference in platelet count and MPV in all the treated groups compare to the control (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Low dose ethinylestradiol in combined oral contraceptive (Duofem) produces no changes in platelet count and mean platelet volume.
Keywords: Combine oral contraceptive, platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV).
Science Publishing Corporation
2013-12-24 13:10:01
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2014)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/1502
2014-11-13T03:02:58Z
IJBR:ART
"131224 2013 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Mathematical investigation of two dimensional pattern formation
Madani Tonekaboni, Seyed Ali
School of Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Shademani, Ali
School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
In this paper, one of the significant effects on two dimensional pattern formations of chemical reactions concerned with diffusion of species is investigated. Gray-Scott model is employed to study the effect of diffusion on reaction rate and distribution of the reactants. Nonlinear dimensionless partial differential equations of the problem are solved using explicit finite difference method. Contours of one agent are obtained for different parameter values and time dependencies of the patterns are investigated. Different time scales of the problem are also took into consideration.
Keywords: Diffusion, finite difference method, Gray-Scott model, pattern formation, time scale.
Science Publishing Corporation
2013-12-24 13:10:01
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2014)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/1946
2014-11-13T03:03:00Z
IJBR:ART
"140412 2014 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Effect of trichloroethylene (TCE) on female albino mice and their early embryos
El-Shershaby, AM
El-Balshy, RM
Abd El-Hady, SI
Abou-Rashed, NM
Dept. of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Egypt.
cell no. 002-01286024454
The present study investigates the effects of different doses of "trichloroethylene" TCE on pregnancy, early embryos on days 6 and 8 of pregnancy. The experimental females (90 virgin females) were divided into three groups; the first one (C) was the control that treated with the solvent only (corn oil), the second (G1) and the third (G2) treated groups with low (24 mg/kg) and high (240 mg/kg) dose of TCE, respectively. Oral administration of TCE to female mice once daily for a period of 21 days before mating and till 5th and 7th day of pregnancy, caused a significant decrease in the body weight for non-pregnant females and weight gain for pregnant females. The percentage of survival, mating and abortion were also significantly decreased by TCE treatment for pregnant females. Histological examination for the obtained 6 and 8 day mice embryos from treated mothers showed some histopathological alterations in compared with the normal control embryos. These alterations indicated that TCE treatment resulted in retarded, delayed and deformed embryos. The results suggest that TCE has teratogenic and embryo toxic effects on the early development of mice embryos following a short-term of exposure.
Keywords: Trichloroethylene, Mating, 6th and 8th Day Mouse Embryo, Histopathology, Early Developmental Stages.
Science Publishing Corporation
2013-12-24 13:10:01
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http://www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/IJBR/article/view/1946
International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2014)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/2252
2014-11-13T03:03:01Z
IJBR:ART
"140426 2014 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Electrocardiographic abnormalities in young healthy sheep and goats
Sudhakara Reddy, B
Assistant Professor,
C.V.Sc.
Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University.
Venkatasivakumar, R.
Sivajothi, S.
Pridhvidhar Reddy, Y. V.
Electrocardiographic studies were done in clinically apparently healthy young sheep (26) and goats (32) in Andhra Pradesh. The electrocardiograms were recorded in standard base apex lead system. Five types of cardiac arrhythmias have been detected in this study, namely sinus tachycardia (18.9%), respiratory sinus arrhythmia (8.6%), sinoatrial block (6.8%), second-degree atrioventricular block (3.4%) and ventricular premature complex (1.7%). These abnormalities were recorded in both sheep and goat.
Keywords: ECG, Young Sheep, Young Goats, Cardiac Arrhythmia.
Science Publishing Corporation
2013-12-24 13:10:01
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2014)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/2276
2014-11-13T03:03:02Z
IJBR:ART
"140419 2014 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Screening of biological actives extracts from Annona squamosa
C., Babu
1Pioneer Kumaraswamy College, Nagercoil – 629 003, Tamil Nadu, India
Devi, P. Rama
Kombiah, P.
The aim of the present study is to focus on the cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activities from Annona squamosa plant seed extracts. The plant A. squamosa seed was extracted with various solvents like chloroform, methanol, hexane, petroleum ether and acetone. The antimicrobial activities of all these extracts were determined by disc diffusion method against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteius vulgaries, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli pathogens. Methanol, hexane and acetone extracts of A. squamosa showed highest anti-microbial activity against all pathogens. Cytotoxic activity of A. squamosa seed extract was tested using Artemia salina (Brine shrimp) bioassay. In cytotoxicity study, extract caused 86% mortality of Brine shrimp larvae after 24 h at a concentration of 500 µg/mL.
Keywords: Antimicrobial Activity, Cytotoxicity Activity. Extract, Pathogens, Solvent.
Science Publishing Corporation
2013-12-24 13:10:01
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2014)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/2364
2014-11-13T03:03:06Z
IJBR:ART
"140915 2014 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Brief information related to potential therapeutic tendencies of citrus plants
Asif, Mohammad
GRD(PG)IMT, RAJPUR, DEHRADUN
Citrus plants play an important role as a health-protector. They are containing various phytochemical that reduce or prevent risk for various diseases such as cancer, heart disease and aging effects. Citrus are good sources of naturally occurring antioxidants like vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenes, phenolic acids, phytate and phytoestrogens that have been recognized potentially to reduce various disease risks. Some compounds, have strong antioxidant activity, while others, such as the mono-phenols are weak antioxidants. Antioxidant compounds scavenge free radicals and thus inhibit the oxidative mechanisms that lead to degenerative diseases. The free radicals may oxidize nucleic acids, proteins, lipids or DNA and can initiate degenerative disease. There are a number of studies suggesting that the antioxidants are the main factors for reducing the incidence of chronic diseases including heart disease and some cancers.
Keywords: Citrus, Antioxidants, Vitamins, Degenerative Diseases.
Science Publishing Corporation
2014-05-31 04:16:38
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http://www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/IJBR/article/view/2364
International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2014)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/2440
2014-11-13T03:03:06Z
IJBR:ART
"141027 2014 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Tourism and resource development: a case study of Madhya Pradesh
Pandey, Devendra
Prof. Department of Zoology
Govt. S.K.N. P.G. College
Mauganj, Rewa (M.P.)
Mishra, Satyendra
Govt. S.K.N.P.G. College
Mauaganj, Rewa M.P.
Shukla, Sandeep
Department of Zoology
Govt. Maharaja P.G. College
Chhatarpur M.P.
At present tourism is considered as one of the important economic sector, which impels the growth & development of many of the states of India. Tourism provides a marketable product, which does not depend on raw materials from outside. This paper analyses the problems & strategies for tourism and resource development, which bears great prospects in future development of Tourism. Hospitality, the foundation on which the edifice of Madhya Pradesh tourism built, is indigenous to Madhya Pradesh. Madhya Pradesh sends largest number of travellers to almost every corner of the world, but its strengths to be host is not yet been fully utilized due to the lack of information highway. Madhya Pradesh is also known, as the “Heart of India”. It offers colourful experience to its travellers packed with pleasant surprises, endowed with forest & deserts, hills & plains, & lakes, tribal hinterlands & special interest destination with a strong rail, road, & air network. The Poor infrastructure, ineffectual marketing & inefficient management of resource ensures that tourist steer clear, little wonder then, Madhya Pradesh contribute little over 2% to the total tourist traffic of the country, while neighbouring Rajasthan share is over 4%. The Government policies has been introduced to eradicate the problems associated, but still it is on the paper & will have to travel far long way to reach their destinations. Most of tourism planning in the region appears to be adhoc. Therefore, it is essential to move away from such an ad hoc approach to draw up definite plans of action, charting out the future directions clearly.
Keywords: Tourism, Resource Development, Eradication, Hospitality and Infrastructure.
Science Publishing Corporation
2014-05-31 04:16:38
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http://www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/IJBR/article/view/2440
International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2014)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/2493
2014-11-13T03:03:03Z
IJBR:ART
"140520 2014 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Characterization of vibrio cholerae isolated from human Diarrhoea in mymensingh, Bangladesh
Rahamat Ali, Md.
Veterinary Surgeon, Upazilla Livestock Office, Razarhat, Kurigram
Shahidur Rahman Khan, Md.
Professor, Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University
Arifa Khatun, Most.
Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Bangladesh Agricultural University;
Shah Alam, M.
Lecturer, Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University;
Mostafa Anower, AKM
Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University
Enamul Hoque Kayesh, Mohammad
Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University
Diarrhoeal diseases are one of the top five causes of mortality in all age groups in Bangladesh. An investigation was carried out with the aim of focusing the isolation and characterization of Vibrio cholerae from diarrhoeal stools of human in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. A total of 42 rectal swab samples were aseptically collected from human. Vibrio cholerae was isolated from diarrhoeal stools of human by cultural and biochemical examinations and susceptibility of the isolated Vibrio cholerae to different antibacterial agents was performed by Disc diffusion test. Out of 42 samples, 8 were found to be positive for Vibrio cholerae. The overall prevalence of Vibrio cholerae was 19.05%. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern demonstrated that Vibrio cholerae isolates were highly sensitive to Polymixin B, ciprofloxacin and co-trimoxazole; moderately sensitive to cephalexin and nalidixic acid; less sensitive to erythromycin; and resistant to amoxicillin. This study suggested that there was remarkable prevalence of Vibrio cholerae in human diarrhoea and Polymixin B, ciprofloxacin and co-trimoxazole could be used for treating the patients with diarrhoea caused by Vibrio cholerae.
Keywords: Characterization, Vibrio Cholerae, Human, Diarrhoea.
Science Publishing Corporation
2013-12-24 13:10:01
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http://www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/IJBR/article/view/2493
International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2014)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/2507
2014-11-13T03:03:05Z
IJBR:ART
"140520 2014 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Studies in rust fungi VIII
Patil, Anjali
Department of Botany, Rajaram College, Kolhapur, India
Dangat, Bhaurav
Department of Botany, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India
Patil, Mansaram
Department of Botany, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India
Two rust fungi Puccinia iphigeniae sp. nov. collected on Iphigenia pallida Baker (Liliaceae) and Uromyces euphorbiae Cooke and Peck var. euphorbiicola (Tranz.) Arthur on the leaves of Euphorbia thymifolia L. and E. chemaesyce L. have been described in the present article. Puccinia iphigeniae sp. nov. is a new species and Uromyces euphorbiae Cooke and Peck var. euphorbiicola (Tranz.) Arthur is a nomenclatural change.
Keywords: Rust, Puccinia, Uredinales, Uromyces.
Science Publishing Corporation
2013-12-24 13:10:01
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http://www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/IJBR/article/view/2507
International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2014)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/2537
2014-11-13T03:03:07Z
IJBR:ART
"141008 2014 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Molecular identification and amylolytic potential of a thermophilic bacteria species from refuse dump in Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Omoboye, Olumide
Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State
Bakare, Mufutau
Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State
Adewale, Isaac
Department of Biochemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State
Oyedeji, Olaoluwa
Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State
Molecular identification and amylolytic potential of a thermophilic bacterium species isolated from refuse dump was investigated. Bacterial isolates were identified by morphological and biochemical characterization while amylolytic bacterium of interest was identified by molecular analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The bacterium with the highest ?-amylase activity was selected for enzyme production. The optimal conditions for ?-amylase secretion were determined by varying the pH, temperature, percentage soluble starch, nitrogen sources and carbon sources. The isolated and identified bacteria were Bacillus alvei (40%) Bacillus licheniformis (40%) and Bacillus brevis (20%) while Bacillus licheniformis RD24 was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The peak of amylase production was at 20 h of incubation (925 µg/ml/min). The optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme production were 7 and 45oC respectively. Enzyme production medium with 1% starch gave highest enzyme activity of 102 ± 5.3 µg/ml/min. Peptone gave an enzyme activity of 165 ± 8.97 µg/ml/min and yeast extract gave 52.26 ± 2.86 µg/ml/min. Of the raw starches, cassava flour gave the highest specific activity of 72 ± 0.07 Units/mg proteins, while sorghum starch gave the lowest specific activity of 5 ± 1.52 Units/mg proteins. The study concluded that starch-rich household waste can be employed for amylase production using Bacillus licheniformis RD24.
Keywords: Alpha Amylase, Bacillus Species, Optimum, Soluble Starch, Thermophilic.
Science Publishing Corporation
2014-05-31 04:16:38
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http://www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/IJBR/article/view/2537
International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2014)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/2540
2014-11-13T03:03:09Z
IJBR:ART
"140704 2014 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Intestinal coccidiosis infection in domestic rabbits
Sivajothi, S
Assistant Professor
Reddy, B. Sudhakara
Rayulu, V. C.
The present study reports about the intestinal coccidiosis in a commercial rabbit farm. Seven New Zealand white rabbits were died in a commercial rabbit farm in Tirupati during the month of August. All the rabbits had signs of anorexia, diarrhea, dullness and weakness. Rabbits were necropsied and collected the intestinal contents for laboratory examination. Up on post mortem examination, hyperemic and oedematous intestinal mucosa was noticed. Oocysts of Eimeria spp. were detected in the faeces of all the rabbits. The collected oocysts were transferred into 2.5% aqueous potassium dichromate solution for sporulation. Faecal samples were examined by modified McMaster technique to determine oocyst counts which had ranged from 13,200 to 16,400.
Keywords: Intestinal Coccidiosis, OPG, Rabbits, Sporulation.
Science Publishing Corporation
2014-05-31 04:16:38
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2014)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/2553
2014-11-13T03:03:10Z
IJBR:ART
"140531 2014 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Ameliorative effects of grape seed proanthocyanidins on cadmium induced metabolic alterations in rats
Bashir, Nazima
Annamalai University
Manoharan, Vaihundam
Annamalai University
prabu, Milton
Annamalai University
Objective: To study the ameliorative effects of grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSP) against cadmium (Cd) induced hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia in rats.
Methods: Wistar rats, body weight 180-200g, were randomly divided into four groups, six rats in each group. First group (control) represented the control animal, the second group (Cd) was fed orally with Cd in the form of CdCl2 (5mg/kg bw), the third group (GSP) was fed with GSP (200 mg/kg bw) and to the fourth group (Cd+GSP), CdCl2 was administered orally at a dose of (5 mg/kg bw) and pre-treated with GSP (200 mg/kg bw) 90 min before Cd intoxication for 4 weeks. At the end of experiment, rats were sacrificed; blood and liver samples were collected and used for analysis of various metabolic parameters.
Results: The result of the present study revealed that Cd exposure caused significant reduction in food intake and body weight gain, but increased the liver weight. GSP administration significantly revert all these changes to normal level. Cd intoxication induced hyperglycemia, elevate plasma glucose and lipid profiles and decline in high density lipoprotein (HDL) -cholesterol respectively. The GSP pre- treatment regimen was beneficial in the restoration of the increased serum levels of TC, TG and lipid profiles and of the suppressed insulin and total antioxidants on Cd exposure.
Conclusion: From the present investigation, it may be concluded that Cd intoxication caused deleterious effects on the metabolism of rats which were successfully restored by GSP. Therefore, the present work suggests that GSP is a feasible therapeutic agent to improve and treat patients with hyperlipidemia, obesity, hyperglycemia in addition to its anti-oxidant properties and can be used as a component in food to promote the health of people.
Keywords: Cd, GSP, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Lipid Metabolism, Liver.
Science Publishing Corporation
2014-05-31 04:16:38
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2014)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/2835
2014-11-13T03:03:11Z
IJBR:ART
"140618 2014 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Prevalence of subclinical mastitis and its association with bacteria and risk factors in lactating cows of Barisal district in Bangladesh
Kayesh, Mohammad
Patuakhali Science and Technology University
Talukder, Milton
Patuakhali Science and Technology University
Anower, AKM
Patuakhali Science and Technology University
The subclinical mastitis is more serious and is responsible for much greater loss to the dairy industry in Bangladesh. This study was per-formed to determine the prevalence of bovine subclinical mastitis and to isolate and identify the bacterial agents and risk factors associated with subclinical mastitis in randomly selected 200 lactating cows (147 local zebu and 53 crossbreds) of Barisal district in Bangladesh. California Mastitis Test (CMT) was performed on each quarter sample of lactating cows at field condition for determination of subclinical mastitis. Out of 200 lactating cows, 57 were found to be positive for subclinical mastitis by CMT. Out of 57 CMT positive cows, only 15 cows showed strong positive reactions and these samples were used for bacteriological culture to isolate and identify bacterial agents. The overall prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 28.50%. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis was significantly high in crossbreds (45.28%) compared to local zebu (22.45%) (p < 0.05). Based on CMT results of quarters, prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 40.57% (n=212) in crossbreds and 20.92% (n=588) in local zebu cows. The prevalence was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in cows with a daily milk yield of 3-5L and 5-7L. The highest prevalence found in mid lactation was 32.50% and the highest prevalence in the age group of 7 to 9 years was 37.50%. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis was comparatively higher (32.69%) in lactating cows where housed with earthen floor compared to concrete floor (23.17%). Among the pathogens isolated from the strongly positive subclinical mastitis samples, the most frequent bacteria were Staphylococcus spp. (73.33%). For early detection of subclinical mastitis, CMT can be performed regularly as a control measure and emphasis should be given on farm management practices, particularly on milking procedure and udder sanitation.
Keywords: Bacteria, CMT, Prevalence, Risk factors, Subclinical mastitis.
Science Publishing Corporation
2014-05-31 04:16:38
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2014)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/2877
2014-11-13T03:03:12Z
IJBR:ART
"140625 2014 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Low density polyethylene degrading fungi isolated from local dumpsite of shivamogga district
H.V, Sowmya
Kuvempu University
bellibatlu, Ramlingappa
Davangere
M, Krishnappa
Kuvempu University
B, Thippeswamy
Kuvempu University
Objective: To isolate polyethylene degrading fungi from dumpsite soil and to screen the enzymes responsible for polyethylene degradation.
Methods: Enrichment method was followed for isolation of fungi. Plate assay method was followed for screening of fungus for its capacity to degrade polyethylene. Degradation experiment was carried out using different types of polyethylene. Degradation was confirmed by weight loss, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) studies. Enzymes responsible for polyethylene degradation were screened and their activity was measured by spectrophotometric method.
Results: Fungus isolated was identified as Chaetomium globsum. Chaetomium globsum was able to degrade differently treated polyethylene which was confirmed by weight loss, SEM and FTIR studies. Lactase and Manganese peroxidase enzymes were responsible for degradation.
Conclusion: From current investigation, it can be concluded that our isolated fungus Chaetomium globosum had the capacity to degrade polyethylene and it can be useful in solving the problem caused by polyethylene in the environment.
Keywords: Polyethylene; Chaetomium globosum; Laccase; Manganese Peroxidase; Biodegradation.
Science Publishing Corporation
2014-05-31 04:16:38
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2014)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/2878
2014-11-13T03:03:14Z
IJBR:ART
"140625 2014 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Enzymatic studies on Natural rubber biodegradation by Bacillus pumilus
G, Nayanashree
Kuvempu univerisity
B, Thippeswamy
Kuvempu univerisity
M, Krishnappa
Kuvempu univerisity
Objective: To isolate Natural Rubber degrading Bacteria from soil and to screen the enzymes responsible for Natural Rubber degradation.
Methods: Soil burial method was followed for isolation of bacteria. Plate assay method and liquid assay method by using Mineral Salt Medium was followed for screening of bacteria for its capacity to degrade Natural rubber. Degradation was confirmed by weight loss experiment, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) studies. Enzymes responsible for Natural rubber degradation were screened and their activity was measured by spectrophotometric method.
Results: Isolated organism was identified as Bacillus pumilus. It was able to degrade Natural rubber which was confirmed by weight loss, SEM and FTIR studies. From the current work it was studied that Laccase and Manganese peroxidase were the enzymes which were responsible for Natural rubber degradation.
Conclusion: From current investigation, it can be concluded that our isolated bacterial strain Bacillus pumilus have the capacity to degrade Natural rubber and it can be useful in solving the problem caused by waste Natural rubber products in the environment.
Keywords: Bacillus Pumilus, Hevea Brasiliensis, Polyisoprene, Laccase, Manganese Peroxidase.
Science Publishing Corporation
2014-05-31 04:16:38
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2014)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/2894
2014-11-13T03:03:15Z
IJBR:ART
"140709 2014 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Effect of combined oral contraceptive on erythropoietin in female waster rats
Toryila, Joseph
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY DEPARTMENT, FACULTY OF MEDICINE,AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY,ZARIA.
K., Amadi
S.O, Odeh
A.B, Adelaiye
A., Mohammed
L N, Achie
U.G., Egesie
Erythropoietin (EPO), a 30kd glycoprotein is the primary hormonal regulator of erythropoiesis. erythropoietin promotes proliferation and differentiation of erythrocytes progenitor cells leading to production and release of mature reticulocytes expression and haemoglobin synthesis. Erythropoietin may also influence platelet production.
This study examined the effort of combined oral contraceptive (COCs) on serum erythropoietin level in female wistar rat.
80 female wistar rats weight 180g – 250g were grouped into four (10 treated and 10 control rats). 0.66g/body weighgt COCs (DUOFEM) was given determined using ELISA kit. There was no significant increased or decreased in serum EPO in the treated groups compared to control groups (p < 0.119). Key word: combined oral contraceptives, erythropoietin, and female wistar rats.
Keywords: Combined Oral Contraceptives, Erythropoietin, Female Wistar Rats.
Science Publishing Corporation
2014-05-31 04:16:38
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2014)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/2921
2014-11-13T03:03:16Z
IJBR:ART
"140905 2014 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Study on heavy metals biosorption ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
B, Thippeswamy
Assistant Professor
Dept. of P.G. Studies and Research in Microbiology, Kuvempu University,
Bio-Science Complex, Jnanasahyadri, Shankaraghatta-577 451,
Karnataka, India.
C.K., Shivakumar
Research Scholar
Dept. of P.G. Studies and Research in Microbiology, Kuvempu University,
Bio-Science Complex, Jnanasahyadri, Shankaraghatta-577 451,
Karnataka, India.
M, Krishnappa
Professor
Dept. of P.G. Studies and Research in Applied Botany, Kuvempu University,
Bio-Science Complex, Jnanasahyadri, Shankaraghatta-577 451,
Karnataka, India.
Potential Saccharomyces cerevisiae was isolated from paper effluent for bioremediation of heavy metals. Morphological studies, physiological tests and molecular characterization confirmed isolated yeast colony was S. cerevisiae. S. cerevisiae has showed high biosorption of Cd2 + (67%), followed by Pb2+ (61%)> Ni2+ (64%)> Cr6+ (63%)> Cu2+ (57%)> Zn2+ (53%). SEM image of heavy metals treated S. cerevisiae showed patches of accumulated heavy metals and ED’s spectrum of S. cerevisiae treated with heavy metals contained metal peaks. Elemental analysis by EDS confirmed that ion exchange mainly involved in heavy metals biosorption by S. cerevisiae. Optimization of parameters made maximum biosorption of heavy metals. The pH 4.0-5.0, temperature 20-25°C and contact time of 60 minute was found optimal for heavy metals biosorption. The metal biosorption was found maximum in single metal system compared to multi metal ions. Pre-treatment method enhanced the metal biosorption. Sorption isotherm studies fit into the model of Langmuir isotherm compared to Freundlich isotherm.
Keywords: Biosorption, Heavy metals, Optimization, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Sorption isotherm.
Science Publishing Corporation
2014-05-31 04:16:38
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2014)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/2923
2014-11-13T03:03:18Z
IJBR:ART
"140709 2014 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Immunity in the first year of life and call for vaccination
Shewale, Sunil
Ex.Officer-Clinical Trials
Serum Institute of India Ltd.
India.
Parekh, Sameer
Project Manager-Clinical Trials
Serum Institute of India Ltd.
India.
Children present special needs because of their vulnerability and developmental peculiarities. Early stage protection is critical in children and the immunization in the first year is especially important. Hence to protect them against some of the most dangerous diseases during and beyond the first year of life, it is essential that infants should get all recommended vaccines at the right time. The vaccines work by building up the child's defense mechanism against diseases. Some vaccines require multiple doses for full protection and every child thus, must complete particular immunization schedule. A child who is not immunized is more likely to become sick, permanently disabled or undernourished, and could possibly die. This article explores the current knowledge about the importance of immunity before and after the beginning of human life and reviews the essential vaccines for infancy. It will ultimately help to explore science of immunology and vaccinology.
Keywords: Infants, Infectious Diseases, Immunity, Immunization, Vaccine.
Science Publishing Corporation
2014-05-31 04:16:38
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2014)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/2936
2014-11-13T03:03:19Z
IJBR:ART
"140707 2014 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Embryonic developmental study on inner ear of Columba livia domestica (the early, intermediate stages)
El-Balshy, Ragaa
Egypt-Qualubia-Benha-Benha University-Faculty of Science
Si, Abd El-Hady
M M, El-Hady
Sh, El-Sayed
The present study deals with the embryonic development of the early and the intermediate embryonic stages of Columba livia domestica inner ear or the membranous labyrinth (10, 15, 20, 22, 26,30,33,36 and 47 mm total body length). During the early development (10 mm stage), neuroepithelium of the ventral rhompencephalon evaginates laterally to form an ectoderm thickening, the otic placode. The latter invaginates forming the otocyst that subsequently gives all other components of the membranous labyrinth. The surrounding mesenchyme is the origin of cartilaginous capsule of the ear. The endolymphatic duct is the first appeared structure in 15 mm stage, followed by cochlear duct (in 22 mm stage) and finally the three semicircular ducts. The latter begin in 26 mm stage and end in 47 mm stage .The inner ear contains sensory organs; the macula of ( utriclus , sacculus) and the crista ampullaris ( of the three semicircular canals ) and the basilar papillae of the cochlear duct; not only for the sense of hearing but also for the equilibrium ,stability and balance. The sensory organs of the intermediate stages (36 and 47 mm stages) showed no differentiation to hair or supporting cells. In the intermediate stage (47 mm stage), the inner ear has undergone a considerable development in its structure. It consists of a dorsal vestibular part including two connecting sacs (utriculus and the sacculus) and three semicircular canals and ventral cochlear part (the cochlear duct).
Keywords: Columba, Embryo, Early, Intermediate Stages, Inner Ear Development.
Science Publishing Corporation
2014-05-31 04:16:38
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http://www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/IJBR/article/view/2936
International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2014)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/2988
2014-11-13T03:03:20Z
IJBR:ART
"140715 2014 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Corelation between glucose level, lipid profile and risk of coronary heart disease associated with organophosphorus pesticide poisoning
Kale, Bhagwat
Lecturer, PDU Dental College Solapur
The aim of our research was to correlate blood glucose and serum lipid profile parameters with risk of coronary heart disease associated with organophosphorus pesticide poisoning. For the purpose of this, 50 patients of organophosphorus poisoning and 50 healthy controls were selected. Blood glucose and serum lipid profiles were estimated by using commercially available diagnostic kits. We found a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in serum TAG, serum HDL cholesterol and serum VLDL cholesterol. On other hand we found a significant increase (p < 0.05) in blood glucose, serum total cholesterol and serum VLDL cholesterol. Organophosphorus poisoning is also associated with increased free radical production. Free radicals oxidize LDL cholesterol and oxidized cholesterol is taken by macrophages to form foam cells. Foam cells are responsible for formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Such plaques reduce coronary artery lumen and thus blood supply to heart get reduced which enhances the chances of myocardial infarction. Here, decreased HDL and VLDL and increased LDL cholesterol in organophosphorus poisoning is associated with increased risk of coronary heart diseases. Hence, estimation of blood glucose and lipid profile play important role in the diagnosis of risk of coronary heart diseases in organophosphorus poisoning.
Keywords: Organophosphorus, Acetyl cholinesterase, Lipid Profile, Acetylcholine, Glucose.
Science Publishing Corporation
2014-05-31 04:16:38
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2014)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/2999
2014-11-13T03:03:21Z
IJBR:ART
"140715 2014 eng "
2307-9029
dc
A review on organophosphorus toxicity in the farmers of solapur district from India
Kale, Bhagwat
Lecturer, PDU Dental College Solapur
Organophosphorus compounds were first developed by scientist Schrader shortly before and during Second World War. They were first used as agricultural insecticides and later as potential chemical warfare agent. A great proportion of acute poisoning cases are caused by exposure to these pesticides. Pesticides can enter the body through the skin (dermal), mouth (oral), lungs (breathing), and eyes (ocular) and due to accidental ingestion. It is found that the Organophosphorus compound, dimethoate is more commonly used to attempt suicide as it is easily available and cheap. 54 % poisoning cases were observed only due to dimethoate. The poisoning due to warfarin, tick-20, chlorpyrifos, fenthion, thymate and lice powder is less common. Acute Organophosphorus poisoning leads to paralysis of skeletal muscles. Paralysis generally occurs in between 48 to 72 hours after poisoning and is associated with cranial and proximal limb muscle weakness. Inability to lift the neck, inability to sit up, opthalmoparesis, slow eye movements, facial weakness, difficulty in swallowing, limb weakness (proximal is more than distal), areflexia, respiratory failure etc. are clinical features of paralysis. These features together are called as intermediate syndrome. On other hand, organophosphorus poisoning is also associated with respiratory failure. Respiratory failure occurs due to many reasons, such as central respiratory depression, respiratory muscle weakness, bronchospasm, bronchorrhea, aspiration of gastric contents, anorexic brain damage etc. This togetherly is associated with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Identification of poisoning is done on the basis of symptoms shown by patients while perfect diagnosis requires biochemical analysis. Symptoms such as hyper-salivation, convulsions, respiratory failure, ataxia, slurred speech, miosis, muscle cramping suggest about poisoning. To access Organophosphorus poisoning, it is necessary to analyze biological samples mostly blood and urine. Organophosphorus compounds can be detected in urine however, their degradation is rapid and hence their detection in urine is possible for short time. The detection of metabolites of Organophosphorus compounds is another way to detect Organophosphorus poisoning. Metabolites circulate for longer time and mostly excreted in urine. Detection of metabolites of Organophosphorus compounds is always better than detection of parent compound in blood or urine. This is because parent compound has short life time and its detection is not possible for more than hours after poisoning. For some Organophosphorus compounds (e.g. Parathion, Paraoxon), detection of P–nitrophenol in urine is an indicator of Organophosphorus poisoning. Recently, antibodies against Organophosphorus compounds in blood are also detected. Thus, blood and urine remains main source for biological and biochemical examination in Organophosphorus poisoning. Most commonly, detection of Organophosphorus poisoning is done by estimating activities of enzymes namely Acetyl Cholinesterase, Butyryl Cholinesterase and Acylpeptide Hydrolase from blood. All these enzymes contains serine residue at their catalytic sites. Organophosphorus compound binds with this serine residue and inactivates the enzymes. Such inactivation of above enzymes is only concerned with Organophosphorus poisoning and thus inhibition of Acetyl Cholinesterase, Butyryl cholinesterase and Acylpeptide Hydrolase is highly correlated with severity and duration of poisoning with Organophosphorus compounds.
Keywords: Organophosphorus, Acetyl Cholinesterase, Butyryl Cholinesterase, Pest, ARDS Etc.
Science Publishing Corporation
2014-05-31 04:16:38
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2014)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/3161
2014-11-13T03:03:22Z
IJBR:ART
"140821 2014 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Administration of counterfeit sildenafil citrate to Wistar rats: impact on serum micronutrient levels
Iyanda, Ayobola
Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Dept of Chem Pathology, Osogbo
Oparinde, Dapo
Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Dept of Chem Pathology, Osogbo
Background: Counterfeit drugs have been recognized as a cause of many pathologic states, sometimes resulting in death. Even when their exposure does not lead to death, there is still the possibility of slight alteration in many physiologic processes in the body; namely digestion, absorption and homeostatic mechanisms.
Objective: The objective of the study is to determine the impact of counterfeit sildenafil citrate on serum micronutrient levels in male Wistar rats. Method: Twenty-one rats (250 g) were randomly distributed equally into 3 groups. The first, second and third groups were administered with 25 mg/kg BW of fake sildenafil citrate, 25 mg/kg BW genuine sildenafil citrate and distilled water (control) respectively. The route of administration was by gastric gavage. The serum concentrations of trace elements and vitamins were estimated using the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and High Performance Liquid Chromatography respectively. Statistical analysis of data was carried out by using analysis of variance. A p value of ? 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Results revealed that all the micronutrients were significantly different except thiamine, niacin, vitamin B12, Mn, Fe, Cr, Mo, Co, riboflavin, pyridoxine, pantothenic and vitamin D. All the animals survived till the end of the study.
Conclusion: The implication of the results is that while fake drug exposure may not result in death, it may cause depletions in various micronutrients known for their vital roles in the body.
Keywords: Fake Drug; Minerals; Vitamins; Sildenafil Citrate.
Science Publishing Corporation
2014-05-31 04:16:38
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2014)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/3163
2014-11-13T03:03:24Z
IJBR:ART
"140817 2014 eng "
2307-9029
dc
An investigation of the cause of death in Wistar rats exposed to sunlight: focus on tissue histology
Iyanda, Ayobola
Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Dept of Chem Pathology, Osogbo
Oparinde, Dapo
Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Dept of Chem Pathology, Osogbo
Objective: The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of ultraviolet rays of the sun on organs like the liver, brain, heart, kidney, lung and ileum.
Methods: Fourteen female rats (235 g) were used for the study and equally distributed into 2 groups. While the rats in the test groups were left in an open place for a period of 7 hours daily for adequate exposure to sunlight, control rats were kept in cages at ambient temperature of 26°C in the animal house. When all the animals died on the 10th day of study, samples of different tissues were obtained, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H & E).
Results: 100% mortality was recorded. Results showed no visible lesion for all the tissues of control rats whereas pathological features like severe congestion of the coronary vessel and mild pulmonary congestion as well as thickening of alveolar wall were reported for heart and lung respectively in sun-exposed rats. Moreover, in sun-exposed rats other tissues such as the brain, ileum, kidney and liver showed no visible lesion.
Conclusion: From the outcome of this study, it may be inferred that excessive sun exposure can be a cause of mortality in a nocturnal animal species, with death resulting from multi-organ damage.
Keywords: Daily Exposure, Mortality, Rat, Sunlight, Tissues.
Science Publishing Corporation
2014-05-31 04:16:38
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2014)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/3170
2014-11-13T03:03:25Z
IJBR:ART
"140817 2014 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Effect of Bioremediation on early seedling growth of Amaranthus hybridus L. grown on palm oil mill effluent polluted soil
Okon Godwin, Okon
Universuty of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.
Elijah, Glory
University of uyo,uyo.Nigeria.
The effect of Bioremediation on Early Seedling growth of Amaranthus hybridus L. on oil palm effluent polluted soil was carried out in the field using perforated polythene bags. The soil samples were polluted with 0, 80, 120 and 240ml of oil palm effluent and amended with compost manure supplement (fermented oil palm spikelet) at 0, 40, 60 and 80 g respectively). The 0ml and 0g served as controls. The mean result obtained after 12 weeks showed that the addition of compost manure supplement (fermented oil palm spikelet) to the contaminated soil promotes growth of plant as there was increase in the growth parameters such as shoot height, petiole length, leaf area, number of nodes, number of branches, internode length, root length, and moisture content. This study recommends that contaminated soils should be amended with manure to improve the growth performance of plants.
Keywords: Amaranthus, Bioremediation, Effluent, Palm Oil, Pollution and POME.
Science Publishing Corporation
2014-05-31 04:16:38
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2014)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/3199
2014-11-13T03:03:26Z
IJBR:ART
"140824 2014 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Water quality variation and screening of microalgal distribution in thachan pond Chidambaram taluk of Tamil nadu
Balakrishnan, Elayaraj
Research Scholar
Department of Botany
Annamalai University
Annamalai Nagar - 608002
Tamil Nadu
Selvaraju, M.
A laboratory study was conducted to monitor the water quality and microalgal distribution of Thachan pond, Chidambaram taluk, Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu, India. The important parameters tested were temperature, pH, turbidity, electric conductivity, total dissolved solids, turbidity, alkalinity, free CO2, dissolved oxygen, chloride, nitrate and phosphate. Microalgal distribution studies were observed. Monthly fluctuations of different seasonal diversity i.e., 35 algal species belongs to four groups viz., Cyanophyceae (41%), Chlorophyceae (27%), Euglenophyceae (14%) and Bacillariophyceae or Diatoms (17%). Among the microalgae Cyanophyceae was found to be dominant group throughout in the study period. Microalgae producing biotoxin such as Microcystis aeruginosa, Chroococcus minor, Oscillatoria curviceps, Oscillatoria tenuis, Anabaena spiroides, Nostoc pruniforme and Aphanocapsa grevillei were recorded in the pond. Pond was found to be moderately polluted and showed a trend of increasing eutrophication. The significant correlations were noted in the different parameters.
Keywords: Eutrophication, Microalgal Distribution, Pond Water Quality, Seasonal Diversity.
Science Publishing Corporation
2014-05-31 04:16:38
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2014)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/3274
2014-11-13T03:03:28Z
IJBR:ART
"140904 2014 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Mini review on Incorporation of Cotton Seed Meal, an Alternative to Fish Meal in Aquaculture Feeds
Pavan Kumar, Bokka
Fisheries Development Officer, Uppada, A.P., India
Ramudu, Kurva Raghu
Scientist (Contractual Basis)
Fisheries Research Station,
Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Kakinada-533 00, A.P., India.
Devi, B Chamundeswari
Principal Scientist & Head,
Fisheries Research Station,
Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Kakinada-533 00, A.P., India.
Fish nutrition has advanced dramatically in recent years with the development of new balanced commercial diets that promote best fish growth and health. Feed accounts for a major part (30-70%) of the total operation cost of an average fish farm. Traditionally, animal protein sources, particularly fishmeal have been the major ingredient of aqua feeds. Fishmeal is one of the most expensive ingredients in formulated fish feeds. Due to increasing demand, decreasing supply and the high cost of fish meal, fish nutritionists have concentrated their efforts to find alternative protein sources to substitute fish meal in the diet of fish. Thus, cottonseed meal (CSM), a by-product of the cotton fiber and cottonseed oil industries, may be used to replace fish meal partially or totally in fish diets. However, the cottonseed meal was evaluated by its anti-nutritional factors and its impact on the growth, survival, carcass composition and histopathology of fishes. It is observed that the more research is concentrated on the gossypol content in the cottonseed meal which is described as the anti-nutritional factor that shows high impact on the growth, carcass composition and pathological changes in the fish. Hence, considering these problems it is advised to use low levels of cottonseed meal in the aqua feeds. The gossypol level can be minimized by the solvent extracted cottonseed meal and be counteracted by the fortification of lysine and adding up of required iron levels. Further research may be required in histopathological studies to assess the toxicity levels in the tissues of the fish due to the gossypol factor.
Keywords: Cotton Seed Meal, Fish Meal, Gossypol.
Science Publishing Corporation
2014-05-31 04:16:38
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2014)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/3296
2014-11-13T03:03:29Z
IJBR:ART
"140903 2014 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Comparative clinical competence of two commercial injectable ivermectin against caprine haemonchosis (Haemonchus contortus)
Akanda, Md
Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh
Islam, Md
Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh
Hossain, Md
Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh
Al Masud, Abdullah
Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh
The foremost purpose of the study reported here was to perform a pharmacological evaluation of two different injectable ivermectin formulations in goats infected with haemonchosis. Twenty one (n=21) goats were randomly divided into three groups A, B and C whereas each group consisted of seven (n=7) goats. Product A and Product B were injected subcutaneously to the goat in group A and group B, respectively. Goat in group C was kept as infected control group giving any treatment. With 7th, 14th, 21th and 28th days of treatment, a significantly (P<0.01) decreased of egg per gram (EPG) count was found in treated goat of group A and B, respectively. In experimental period, the EPG count of control group C were significantly (P<0.01) increased. In group A and B reduction of mean EPG on 7th, 14th, 21th and 28th day after treatment were 83.9%-80.8%, 81.7%-80.7, 78.1%-77.0% and 73.7%-61.2%, respectively, whereas in control group C the mean EPG were 6.7%, 9.2%, 21.4% and 30.9%, respectively. The body weight was increased significantly (P<0.01) after treatments in group A and B, respectively except untreated control group C. To sum up, two commercial products contain ivermectin have similar clinical competence against haemonchosis in goat.
Keywords: Clinical Competence, Goat, Ivermectin, Haemonchosis.
Science Publishing Corporation
2014-05-31 04:16:38
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2014)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/3314
2014-11-13T03:03:30Z
IJBR:ART
"140916 2014 eng "
2307-9029
dc
A comparative evaluation of the inulin utilization potential of two Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis strains for the development of a synbiotic powder
JAMES, LIGIMOL
Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Mannuthy, thrissur
Puniya, Anil K.
Singh, Kishan
Assessment of the compatibility between the probiotic and prebiotic is identified as a critical step while developing synbiotic products. So a study was conducted to compare the inulin utilization potential of two Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis strains for selecting a strain for the development of a lyophilized synbiotic product. The growth stimulatory effect of inulin was found to be more prominent on Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis B420 than on Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb-12. So a synbiotic pair of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis B420 and inulin was selected for the development of the synbiotic product. The developed product had a high probiotic count of 6.5x108 cfu/g, showing a survival rate of 65%. On assessing the probiotic count of the developed product during storage, a marked reduction was observed on room temperature storage with the counts reducing to the level of less than five log cfu/g after 60 days. In contrast the count remained in the range of eight to nine log cfu/g even after 60 days of refrigerated storage. So it could be a suggested that considering the probiotic stability and viability problems pertaining to fermented dairy products, lyophilized products could be potential alternatives as matrices for the delivery of probiotics to humans.
Keywords: Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb-12, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis B420, Inulin, Lyophilized powder, Synbiotics.
Science Publishing Corporation
2014-05-31 04:16:38
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2014)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/3398
2014-11-13T03:03:31Z
IJBR:ART
"141017 2014 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Immature paramphistomosis in a sheep herd
Sivajothi, S.
Assistant Professor
Sudhakara Reddy, B
Paramphistomosis is one of the important endo parasitic diseases of small ruminants and causes considerable economical loss to the farmers. The present communication reports about the outbreak of immature paramphistomosis in a sheep herd in Y.S.R.District of Andhra Pradesh. The disease is characterized by sub maxillary edema and severe persistent fluid foetid diarrhoea. Gross examination of the fluid faeces revealed presence of the whitish pink colour round bodies and later they identified as immature paramphistomes. Affected sheep were treated with niclosamide @ 100 mg/kg body weight orally once along with supportive therapy.
Keywords: Immature Oxyclozanide, Paramphistomosis, Sheep, Y.S.R.District.
Science Publishing Corporation
2014-05-31 04:16:38
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2014)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/3415
2014-11-13T03:03:32Z
IJBR:ART
"140920 2014 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Morphological descriptive study of giardia lamblia in man and cow at basrah
Al-Saad, Rasha
Veterinary medicine college\ Basrah university
Microbiology departement\ Parasitology
Al-Emarah, Ghazi
Veterinary medicine college\ Basrah university
Dean & assistant Professor
Giardia was single celled microscopic protozoan parasites that cause enteric disease in human. Because of the impact on socio-economic development, especially in developing countries, it was included in the “Neglected Disease Initiative” of the World Health Organization. This work conducted to descript morphology of Giardia spp in different hosts, which is first study of its type in Basrah, Iraq. This work started from September 2012 till June 2013, through this period collected 2393 stool samples from human and cows. 727 out of 2393 were positive. By using golden standard microscopic methods for diagnosis. A selective 30 positive stool samples for each hosts, measured the dimensions of stages of Giardia. There is different measurement in dimensions of both two phases of Giardia.
Keywords: Giardia Lamblia, Trophozoite, Cyst, Lugol?s Iodine, Giemsa.
Science Publishing Corporation
2014-05-31 04:16:38
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2014)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/3450
2014-11-13T03:03:33Z
IJBR:ART
"140928 2014 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Comparative screening of enzyme producing endophytic actinomycetes from fresh and fallen leaves of Emblica officinalis in Western Ghats
Singh, Mrinalini
Nirmala College for Women
Sedhuraman, Padmavathy
Objective: To assess the comparative amylase, lipase and cellulase production abilities of endophytic actinomycetes isolated from both fresh and fallen leaves of Emblica officinalis in Western Ghats.
Methods: Endophytic actinomycetes were isolated using Starch casein agar media. The screening of these isolates for extracellular enzymatic production was carried out using carbohydrate degradation test.
Results: Among the endophytic actinomycetes isolated from fresh leaves, 75% exhibited amylase activity, 41.66% exhibited lipase activity and 50% exhibited cellulase activity whereas in fallen leaves, 80% exhibited amylase activity, 60% exhibited lipase activity and 60% exhibited cellulase activity.
Conclusion: Hence, endophytic actinomycetes isolated from the fallen leaves exhibited remarkable lipase, cellulase and amylase producing capacity which mediates as biocatalysts in bioremediation and biofuel production, as compared to fresh leaves.
Keywords: Amylase, Lipase, Cellulase, Endophytic Actinomycetes, Emblica officinalis, Western Ghats.
Science Publishing Corporation
2014-05-31 04:16:38
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2014)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/3515
2014-11-13T03:03:34Z
IJBR:ART
"141007 2014 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Studies on the antimicrobial potency of the marine algae - Caulerpa scalpelliformis and Spyridia species
Singh, Mrinalini
Nirmala College for Women
Objective: To study the antimicrobial potency of the marine algae – Caulerpa scalpelliformis and Spyridia sp.
Methods: Caulerpa scalpelliformis and Spyridia sp. were screened for the presence of bioactive components by extracting them with suitable solvents and studying their antimicrobial activities against varied human pathogens. An attempt has also been made to separate the unknown compounds using Thin Layer Chromatography and purify the extracts using column chromatography since not much work has been carried out in these species.
Results: In Spyridia, only the methanolic extract could produce zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella sp. whereas in Caulerpa scalpelliformis, only the petroleum ether, chloroform and methanolic extracts showed antimicrobial properties. Better resolution was found in the mobile phase containing chloroform: methanol 80: 20 ratio for Caulerpa. Hence, its methanolic extract was fractioned in silica gel column and these fractions were effective against some of the test organ-isms but not against all.
Conclusion: Further investigation is required to study the nature of compounds with antimicrobial properties with reference to Caulerpa scalpelliformis; whereas with Spyridia sp. the study can be extracted to collect the samples during different seasons of a year and confirm its antimicrobial potency.
Keywords: Caulerpa Scalpelliformis, Spyridia SP, Antimicrobial Activities, Thin Layer Chromatography, Column Chromatography.
Science Publishing Corporation
2014-05-31 04:16:38
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2014)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/3546
2015-05-05T15:29:55Z
IJBR:ART
"141227 2014 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Effects of various local analgesics and ketamine for cranial epidural analgesia in Black Bengal Goats
Roy, Animesh
Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh
Islam, Md
Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh
Hossain, Mohammed
Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh
Lucky, Nasrin
Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh
Akanda, Md Rashedunnabi
Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh
Paul, Bashudeb
Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh
Hasan, Mir
Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh
Mahfuz, Md
Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh
Uddin, Fokor
Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh
Roy, Sipra
Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh
The present study was conducted to find out the effects of analgesic and anaesthetic drugs for cranial epidural analgesia in Black Bengal goats. A series of thirty two (n=32) analgesic trails were conducted in goats age ranged from 8 to 12 months and with an average body weight of 8.1 kg. The animals were divided into four groups (n=4) and a replication of 8 trails was performed in each group at least one week interval. Two percent (2%) lidocaine hydrochloride (6.0 mg/kg), 2% lidocaine hydrochloride with adrenaline (6.0 mg/kg), 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride (1.5 mg/kg) and ketamine hydrochloride (5.0 mg/kg) were used to perform cranial epidural analgesia. 2% Lidocaine hydrochloride and Ketamine hydrochloride showed rapid onset of analgesia. 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride produced the highest area of desensitization in thigh region during cranial epidural analgesia. Perineal region and tail were totally desensitized during epidural analgesia. 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride prolonged the duration of analgesia during epidural analgesia. 2% Lidocaine hydrochloride showed no side effects whereas 2% Lidocaine hydrochloride with adrenaline showed straining and muscle tremor, 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride shivering and drowsiness, ketamine hydrochloride tympany, excitement and drowsiness. It seemed that 2% Lidocaine hydrochloride is more effective whereas 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride is associated with side effects. Though ketamine hydrochloride is a dissociative agent, it could also be used in epidural analgesia.
Science Publishing Corporation
2014-12-17 14:43:45
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c) 2014 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/3584
2014-11-13T03:03:35Z
IJBR:ART
"141024 2014 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Comparative efficacy of different herbal and modern anthelmintics against gastrointestinal nematodiasis in fowl
Alam, Md.
Department of Pathology and Parasitology,
Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Babugonj, Barisal-8210
Alam, Khondoker
Department of Pathology and Parasitology,
Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Babugonj, Barisal-8210
Begum, Nurjahan
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202.
Amin, Mohammad
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology2, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Babugonj, Barisal-8210
The aqueous and ethanol extract of some plants and plant materials were screened for their in vitro anthelmintic effects against gastrointestinal nematodes of fowl were studied. The plant materials were extracted in distilled water (aqueous extract) and ethyl alcohol (ethanol extract). Screening of freshly prepared aqueous extract of three plant materials namely neem (Azadirachta indica), papaya (Carica papaya), korolla (Momordica charantia) and two patent drugs Eskanex® (Levamisole) and Eskapar® (Piperazine) were selected. Aqueous extracts of 25mg/ml, 50mg/ml and 100mg/ml concentration; ethanol extracts of 10mg/ml, 25mg/ml, and 50mg/ml were used for screening. Among the selected plants and patent drugs and all three concentration of aqueous extracts papaya seed was found best at 25mg/ml concentration (41%), 50mg/ml concentration (74%) and 100mg/ml (92%) followed by korolla (22%, 70% and 90% in 25mg/ml, 50mg/ml and 100mg/ml concentration respectively) against adult parasite and these plants namely papaya seed showed significant efficacy against infective larvae L3. Ethanol extracts of plants also showed significant efficacy against adult gastrointestinal worms at a concentration of 50 mg/ml. Among the selected plants and all three concentration of the ethanol extract revealed the highest efficacious plant (100%) at a concentration of 50 mg/ml. In all concentrations of ethanol extract papaya was observed as the best plant (100%, 98% and 84% at 50mg/ml, 25mg/ml and 10mg/ml concentration respectively) followed by korolla (100%, 93% and 74% at 50mg/ml, 25mg/ml and 10mg/ml concentration respectively) against adult whereas in case of larvae it showed significant efficacy. The present study suggests that papaya, korolla and neem are effective and can be used against the treatment of nematodiasis in fowl in alternative of patent drugs. More studies are needed to determine the active principles of pharmacological and toxicological assessment.
Keywords: Comparative Efficacy, Extract, Gastrointestinal, Herbal Anthelmintic, Nematodiasis.
Science Publishing Corporation
2014-05-31 04:16:38
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2014)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/3591
2014-11-13T03:03:36Z
IJBR:ART
"141020 2014 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Nervous form of ketosis in cows and its treatment
Sudhakara Reddy, B
Assistant Professor,
C.V.Sc.
Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University.
Reddy, B. Soma Sekhar
Reddy, Y. V. Pridhvidhar
Vennkatasivakumar, R.
Ketosis is defined as an abnormal rise of the ketone or acetone bodies in the body. The ketone bodies are organic chemical compounds and include acetone, acetoacetic acid, and beta hydroxy butyric acid. Present study reports the primary nervous ketosis in three cows at their peak milk yield. Cows exhibited the bellowing, head pressing and reluctance to take concentrates. Low serum glucose, high levels of blood urea nitrogen with ketonuria was observed. Cows showed fruitful recovery after treatment with 25% glucose solution, dexamethasone and glycerin along with supportive therapy.
Keywords: Cows, Dextrose, Ketosis, Nervous Signs.
Science Publishing Corporation
2014-05-31 04:16:38
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2014)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/3592
2014-11-13T03:03:37Z
IJBR:ART
"141028 2014 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Haemoglobinuria due to hypophosphataemia in last trimester pregnant buffalo
Reddy, B. Soma Sekhar
Reddy, B. Sudhakara
Venkatasivakumar, R.
Sivajothi, S.
Assistant Professor
A buffalo in her last trimester pregnancy was referred to clinic with signs of anorexia, voiding dark red coloured urine, dullness, mild diarrhoea and depression. It was diagnosed as an acute case of parturient haemoglobinuria by assessing the serum biochemical parameters. It had low levels of serum protein, albumin and phosphorous. Haemogram revealed decreased erythrocyte count, haemoglobin and haematocrit. The buffalo had been treated with phosphorous supplements and other supportive therapy.
Keywords: Buffalo, Last Trimester Pregnancy, Haemoglobinuria, Hypophosphataemia.
Science Publishing Corporation
2014-05-31 04:16:38
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2014)
eng
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/3737
2015-05-05T15:29:55Z
IJBR:ART
"141218 2014 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Taxonomic significance of morphology and palynology of two species of Dracaena found in south eastern Nigeria
Ilodibia, Chinyere
Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka
Okeke, Clement
Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka
Chukwuma, Maureen
Nwafor Orizu College of Education, Nsugbe
Okeke, Nneka
Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka
Akachukwu, Ebele
Nwafor Orizu College of Education, Nsugbe
Aziagba, Bibian
Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka
Morphology and Palynology were carried out on Dracaena mannii Bak and Dracaena arborea Link various parts. T test was used for the analyses. Morphologically, the leaves of D. arborea are longer and wider than those of D. mannii, and the length of the internode of D. arborea is more than those of the D. mannii. Both species are trees and have the same inflorescence, floral, fruit and seed Morphology. Palynologically, the pollen grains of the two species are monocolpate with scabrate surfaces. The colpus in D. mannii is longer than that of D. arborea. The result also showed that there was no significant difference in the sizes of the pollen grains, the pollen form indices as well as length and diameter of the colpi of both D. arborea and D. mannii. The overall analyses showed no significant statistical difference in the morpology and palynology of the two Dracaena species. The implication is that the two species are closely related and this justified their placement under the same genus Draceana while the slight differences between them suggest the reason for their separation into different species.
Science Publishing Corporation
2014-12-17 14:43:45
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c) 2014 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/3760
2015-05-05T15:29:55Z
IJBR:ART
"141217 2014 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Prevalence of infectious and non-infectious diseases in cattle population in Chittagong district of Bangladesh
Badruzzaman, A. T. M.
Siddiqui, Md. Saiful Islam
Faruk, Md. Omer
Lucky, Nasrin Sultana
Zinnah, Mohammad Ali
Hossain, Ferdaus Mohd. Altaf
Rahman, Md. Masudur
Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh.
Background: Cattle are affected by many infectious and noninfectious diseases that can lead to economic losses to the farmers in terms of reduced growth and production performance and mortality.
Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of infectious and noninfectious diseases of cattle in Chittagong district of Bangladesh.
Methods: A total of 2614 clinical cases were diagnosed at five different veterinary hospitals in Chittagong district of Bangladesh during the year 2013. Disease diagnosis was made on the basis of owner’s statement, general examination, clinical signs, gross pathology, and laboratory procedures. Data were analyzed to determine disease prevalence in cattle with respect to breed, sex and season.
Results: Diagnosed diseases were categorized as infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, digestive disorders, metabolic diseases, respiratory diseases and other diseases. According to our results, the prevalence of digestive disorders was the highest (45.14%) followed by parasitic diseases (30.64%), infectious diseases (9.49%), respiratory diseases (3.90%), metabolic diseases (3.18%) and other diseases (3.18%). Disease prevalence was highest in Cross-bred cattle (44. 23%) followed by Red Chittagong cattle (28.46%) and Non-descript Deshi (27.31%). Female were more susceptible to diseases (54.32%) than male cattle (45.68%). Disease prevalence varied according to seasons. Highest prevalence was recorded in summer season (37.49%) followed by rainy season (34.81%) and winter season (27.70%).
Conclusions: Our large set of data on cattle disease prevalence in Chittagong district of Bangladesh provides valuable insight to design and implement priority based research on specific disease and to take efficient control strategies against the diseases.
Science Publishing Corporation
2014-12-17 14:43:45
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c) 2014 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/3770
2015-05-05T15:29:55Z
IJBR:ART
"141223 2014 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Anatomical studies on two species of Dracaena in southeastern Nigeria
Ilodibia, Chinyere
Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka
Ugwu, Rachael.
Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka
Okeke, Clement
Nnamdi Azkiwe University, Awka
Akachukwu, Ebere
Nwafor Orizu College of Education, Nsugbe
Aziagba, Bibian
Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka
Okeke, Nneka
Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka
Anatomical studies of transverse, tangential and radial longitudinal sections of roots, stems and leaves of two species of Dracaena present in southeastern Nigeria were investigated, to determine their anatomical features with regards to arrangement of vascular bundles in their roots, stems and leaves and type of secondary growth occurring in them using standard method. T- test was used for the analyses. Result showed that the number of vascular bundles in the leaves and roots of D. arborea are more in number than those of D. mannii but the reverse is the case in the stem. Secondary growth occurs in both D. mannii and D. arborea. The overall analyses showed no significant statistical difference in the anatomy of the two Dracaena species. The implication is that the two species are closely related and this justified their placement under the same genus Dracaena while the slight differences between them suggest the reason for their separation into different species.
Science Publishing Corporation
2014-12-17 14:43:45
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c) 2014 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/3901
2015-05-05T15:29:55Z
IJBR:ART
"141227 2014 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Diseases affecting livestock production mediate landscape scale of a changing pasture regime in Lake Mburo Conservation Area, Uganda
Nina, Pius
Makerere University,School of biological sciencesP.O Box 7062KampalaUGANDA
Mugisha, Samuel
Makerere University, School of Biological Sciences
Basuta, Gilbert
Makerere University, School of Biological Sciences
Kateregga, Eseza
Makerere University, School of Economics
This study investigated whether spatial disparities in pastoral herd sizes across rangelands from Lake Mburo National Park (LMNP) boundary was responsible for a changing pasture regime. A midst growing concern that cattle diseases associated with wild ungulates outside the protected areas impose limitations on pastoralist household income, the affected communities respond by overstocking as an adaption to disease risks. Therefore, increasing cattle stock holding among pastoralists living at the park boundary was suspected to be facilitating the disappearance of forests in Lake Mburo Conservation Area (LMCA). We applied ecosystem approach in a cross-sectional survey design to assess whether impact of diseases transmitted at the nexus of wildlife and livestock play intermediary role in the emerging spatial pattern of pasture regimes in LMCA. Paired sample t-test was used to examine the mean differences of animal populations between managed and unmanaged pasture and interpreted with Geo-eye satellite data of a typical landscape of savanna ecosystem of LMCA. The results revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the distribution of wild species of animals between managed and unmanaged pasture. Spatial variation in population abundance of wild animals between distance zones was also reflected in the distribution of average household stockholding as well as cattle mortalities along a distance gradient from LMNP boundary. These findings could guide evidence based monitoring of long term effects of changing pasture regimes on pastoralist livelihood systems around LMCA. For example, future research should consider complementarities and overlap of the diets of wild ungulates and cattle at the nexus of wildlife and livestock interface. This will provide an understanding of how wildlife presence in rangelands can lead to either favorable or adverse changes in the fauna as far as the domestic livestock species of cattle and small ruminants are concerned.
Science Publishing Corporation
2014-12-17 14:43:45
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c) 2014 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/4069
2015-05-07T09:27:07Z
IJBR:ART
"150505 2015 eng "
2307-9029
dc
A cassava mosaic disease epidemiologic factors analysis in the Bas-Congo (DR Congo) zone of savannah. case study: “Secteur de Bokoâ€
J.-Roger, Bansimba Mukiese
Institut Supérieur Pédagogique de Mbanza-Ngungu
This paper aims at evaluating epidemiologic parameters of the African Cassava Viral Mosaic Disease (CMVD) in 25 cassava farmer's fields of «Secteur de Boko» (DR Congo) on the basis of foliar symptoms observation. The results showed that the infection of the local varieties comes mainly from the cuttings whereas that of the improved varieties comes from the flies. The disease incidence varied between 10% and 88.33% with an average of 43.8%. Severity varied between 2.42 and 3.42 with an average of 2.913. The gravity varied between 17.86% and 87.81% while the systemicity varied between 21.42 and 96.66%. The mean number of whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) by plant (2.068) revealed a preference of the vectors for the improved variety Kindombe which, however, presents a low severity and a less marked gravity. Globally, the CMVD was more severe for the local variety Mpeko with a score of 3.00. A high correlation was found between the gravity and the number of neighbour fields (-0,437*), the density of culture (-0,431*) and also the systemicity of the disease (0,779**). In addition; it appeared that the land topography strongly influences the disease severity (-0,542**).
Science Publishing Corporation
2014-12-17 14:43:45
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c) 2015 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/4250
2015-05-05T15:29:55Z
IJBR:ART
"150324 2015 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Characterization of an alkaline protease with high quality bating potential in leather processing from Bacillus licheniformis MZK05M9 mutant
Mamun, Md. Arafat Al
Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences (CARS), University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.
Khan, Md. Murad
Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
Akand, Md. Nahinur Rahmam
Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
Khan, Shakila Nargis
Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
Hoq, Md. Mozammel
Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
An alkaline protease from Bacillus licheniformis MZK05M9 (BlM9), a mutant strain developed in our laboratory, has been partially purified and characterized for its robustness and eco-friendly application potential in processing of hides and skins for leather manufacturing and detergent industries. The enzyme was purified 2.70 fold with specific activity of 1624U/mg in comparison to crude enzyme extract by using ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis and Sephadex G-75 column chromatography. The molecular mass of the enzyme was 27.2 kDa as judged by SDS–PAGE. The purified protease had a pH optimum of 8.5 and temperature optimum of 55°C. According to the inhibition profiles obtained with the various protease inhibitors, it was confirmed that the partially purified protease belongs to the serine protease type. The activity of partially purified enzyme was enhanced by calcium, magnesium, barium, potassium and manganese ions and strongly inhibited by mercury ion. In addition, the protease showed remarkable stability in the presence of 1% SDS; 1, 3 and 5% Triton X-100 and H2O2, which comprise the common bleach-based detergent formulation. The enzyme was found equally efficient to a commercial enzyme Oropon K (one of the commercial enzymes imported into Bangladesh for bating purpose) in bating of animal hide as proved by different comparative qualitative tests such as tensile strength, percent of elongation, stitch tears strength, water vapor permeability, grain crack strength and tongue tear strength tests. In addition, the stability profile (pH, temperature and surfactants) and blood stain removal data also revealed its suitability for application in detergent industry.
Science Publishing Corporation
2014-12-17 14:43:45
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c) 2015 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/4267
2015-05-05T15:29:55Z
IJBR:ART
"150417 2015 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Therapeutic efficacy of ivermectin, fenbendazole and albendazole against naturally occuring gastrointestinal nematodiasis infection in Black Bengal Goat of Bangladesh
Aktaruzzaman, Md.
University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
Mirazul Islam, Md.
Mohamed, Zahurin
Siddiqul Islam, Md.
Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
Matiar Rahman Howlader, Md.
Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ivermectin, fenbendazole and albendazole against gastrointestinal nematodes in naturally infected goats of government goat development farm, Sylhet, Bangladesh. The study included 50 black Bengal breed of which 30 were naturally infected and randomly selected 20 on the basis of their weight and egg count. Twenty black Bengal goats of 13-15 month old irrespective of sex infested with gastrointestinal nematodes were selected for this experiment and randomly divided into four equal groups (group A, B, C and D) where each group consisted of 5 goats and goats of group D were kept as control group. One injectable ivermectin (200 µgkg-1 body weight, S/C) preparations (Techno Drugs, Limited, Bangladesh) and two solid fenbendazole, albendazole (7.5 mgkg-1 body weight, orally) preparations (Techno Drugs, Limited and Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Bangladesh) were used for positive control of gastrointestinal nematodes as group A, B and C. Goats of group D was kept as control without giving any treatment. Before trials (day 0), total egg count, blood samples and initial body weight were recorded. During the study period the fecal and blood samples were collected directly from rectum and examined on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day using McMaster fecal egg counting method. Body weight was recorded on day 28 following the treatments. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated through determination of parasitic prevalence, body weight gain/loss and hematological findings. Pre and post-treatment EPG (eggs per gram) values were recorded, and efficacies compared. The results showed that the efficacy of ivermectin was 100%, followed by fenbendazole 95.33% and albendazole 90.11%. The observed differences in efficacy between these three brands of anthelmintics were most likely due to variations either in quality or the administered doses. The body weight of the treated animals was slightly increased, which were significant (p<0.05). After treatment with ivermectin, fenbendazole and albendazole, Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC), Hemoglobin (Hb) content and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) were increased significantly (p<0.01 and p>0.05) in goats but Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) were decreased significantly (p<0.05 and p>0.01) in all treated goat and body weight was increased significantly (p<0.01) on day 28. The farm management practices along with results of the present study revealed the efficacy of multiple anthelmintics against gastrointestinal nematodiasis in goat. Additional detailed studies are required to clarify the current status of the efficacy of the anthelmintics widely used in different agro ecologies, animal species and livestock management systems in Bangladesh.
Science Publishing Corporation
2014-12-17 14:43:45
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c) 2015 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/4301
2015-05-05T15:29:55Z
IJBR:ART
"150317 2015 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Comparative efficacy of Albendazole, Fenbendazole and Levamisole against gastrointestinal nematodiasis in cattle of Bangladesh
Islam, Monirul
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet.
Islam, Siddiqul
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet.
Howlader, Matiar
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet.
Lucky, Nasrin
Department of Surgery and Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet.
Out of 52 cattle 30 were heavily infested with different gastrointestinal nematodes which were identified by faecal examination. Among 30 cattle 20 were selected randomly and divided into four groups (A, B, C and D). Group D was kept as infected control group. Group A, B and C were treated with patent drug Albendazole (Helmex-vet® 600 mg/Tab) 7.5, Fenbendazole (Peraclear® 250 mg/bolus) 7.5 and Levamisole (Ralnex® 708 mg/bolus) 7.5 mg/kg body weight orally for the determination of effects on blood parameters. Before trials with Helmex-vet®, Peraclear® and Ralnex® initial total egg count of gastrointestinal helminths and haematological parameters were examined and recorded. During the experimental period the faecal samples were examined on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day. Haematological parameters (TEC, Hb, ESR, TLC and PCV) were also examined from 7 to 28 days for the determination of effects of Helmex-vet®, Peraclear® and Ralnex®. A significant reduction of EPG of gastrointestinal nematodes were found on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day of Helmex-vet® (46.91%, 72.84%, 84.44% and 93.58%), Peraclear® (46.67%, 71.67%, 83.33% and 90.56%) and Ralnex® (49.27%, 72.82%, 93.93% and 85.80%) of group A, B and C respectively. The EPG of untreated group were significantly increased about 3.37%, 6.75%, 8.13% and 9.69% on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day respectively. After treatment with Helmex-vet®, Peraclear® and Ralnex®, TEC, Hb, TLC and PCV were increased and ESR were decreased in cattle. On the other hand, TEC, Hb, TLC and PCV were decreased and ESR was increased significantly (p<0.05) in untreated group.
Science Publishing Corporation
2014-12-17 14:43:45
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http://www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/IJBR/article/view/4301
International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c) 2015 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/4486
2015-05-05T15:29:55Z
IJBR:ART
"150426 2015 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Effects of oxyclozanide (Tremacid®) preparation against fascioliasis on clinical and haematological parameters in cattle of Bangladesh
Alam, Naim
Assistant superintendent of police (ASP), Bangladesh Police.
Islam, Md
Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet .
Howlader, Matiar
Professor, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet
Lucky, Nasrin
Associate Professor, Department of Surgery and Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet
The effects of Oxyclozanide (Tremacid®) on some clinical (body weight) and haematological parameters (TEC, Hb, PCV, ESR and TLC) were determined in this study. Among 55 cattle, 10 were selected, which were suffering from fascioliasis and divided randomly into two groups. Each group was consisting of five cattle. One was treated with Tremacid® @ (15 mg/kg body weight). Other was kept as an infected control group. Before trials with Tremacid® initial body weight, EPG of liver fluke and hematological parameters were examined. During the experimental period the faecal samples, clinical and hematological parameters were examined on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days for the determination of effects of Tremacid®. A significant reduction of EPG count was found on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day of Tremacid® (61.87%, 71.22%, 76.98% and 84.53%) in a treated cattle group. The EPG of an untreated control group was significantly (p<0.01) increased about 3.97%, 7.64%, 11.04% and 64.89% respectively. Total TEC was increased after treatment with Tremacid® and decreased in an untreated control group significantly (p<0.01), Likewise, after treatment with Tremacid® Hb content and PCV were increased, and ESR was decreased. Total leukocyte count (TLC) was decreased and the body weight was increased after Tremacid® treatment in the group A. On the other hand, Hb content PCV and body weight was decreased significantly (p<0.01) in the group B.
Science Publishing Corporation
2014-12-17 14:43:45
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c) 2015 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/5197
2015-11-11T12:26:25Z
IJBR:ART
"151105 2015 eng "
2307-9029
dc
In vitro meristem-tip culture and regeneration approaches in Congolese cassava accessions (Manihot esculenta Crantz cv. Boma and cv. Mpelo-Nlongi)
Mukiese, J.-Roger Bansimba
Institut Supérieur Pédagogique de Mbanza-Ngungu
Ndofunsu, Aimé Diamuini
Bulubulu, Freddy
Ntumbula, Alexandre Mbaya
Ndiku, Sébastien Luyindula
Shiny dome-like structures measuring less than 1mm in length were excised aseptically from shoot tip buds of infected of two cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) local cultivars (Boma and Mpelo Nlongi) and cultivated in vitro in two types of media with different combination of growth hormone: Murashige and Skoog supplemented of sucrose (20 g/l), Naphtalenacetic acid (NAA, 10 μM), Ben-zylaminopurine (BAP, 0.66 μM) as well as Gibberellic acid (GA3, 0.1 μM) with 80 mg/l of Adenine sulphate and MS-free growth regulators. After four weeks, data were scored: 29.5% responding explant with callus formation and 20.5% responding explants to shoot development in the medium with growth regulators for the cultivar Boma whereas the cultivar Mpelo-Nlongi presented 5.7% and 25.7% respectively of callus formation and shoot development. The cultivar Boma presented a tendency more pronounced for the callus formation rather than with the shoot development contrary to the cultivar Mpelo-Nlongi. In regards of this experiment, it was shown that the media composition and genotype are essential factors, which influence in vitro growth, mainly the shoot development, in the culture of meristems for cassava local accessions.
Science Publishing Corporation
2015-10-27 13:32:18
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 3 No. 2 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c) 2015 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/5211
2015-11-11T12:26:25Z
IJBR:ART
"151027 2015 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Impact of the foraging activity of Apis mellifera adansonii Latreille (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Bradyrhizobium fertilizer on pollination and yield components of Glycine max L. (Fabaceae) in the field
Kengni, Stephanie Beaudelaine
University of Maroua-Cameroon
Tchuenguem Fohouo, Fernand-Nestor
University of Ngaoundere-Cameroon
Ngakou, Albert
University of Ngaoundere-Cameroon
To determine the impact of Apis mellifera adansonii and Bradyrhizobium on pod and seed yields of Glycine max, field trials were carried out during 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons. Hence, 120 to 25658 flowers were labeled each year and divided into five treatments, differentiated according to whether plots were inoculated with Bradyrhizobium or not, or plants were protected from insects activities or not and the last treatment with flowers isolated then opened only to A. m. adansonii. The effects of Bradyrhizobium on nodulation, plant biomass and seed yield, as well as the foraging behavior of A. m. adansonii on flowers, the number of seeds per pod and the normal seeds' rate were evaluated. Results indicate that Bradyrhizobium significantly increased the number of flowers (P<0.001), root nodules (P<0.0001), plant biomass (P<0.0001), pod and seeds yields in inoculated plots. A. m. adansonii foraged on G. max flowers from 09.00 a.m. to 16.00 p.m. and throughout the whole blooming period. This insect intensely harvested only nectar. By comparing the yields of unprotected flowers to those of flowers isolated then opened to A. m. adansonii, 35.85% increase fructification index, and 73.09% increase in the number of seeds per pod due to this bee were recorded. The synergistic activity of insects and Bradyrhizobium increased the number of seeds per pod by 32.16% and the percentage of normal seeds by 32.87%. Our results reveal that inoculation of soybean plant at sowing with Bradyrhizobium and installation of hives close to the field could be recommended for a sustainable pods and seed yield improvement of this crop.
Science Publishing Corporation
2015-10-27 13:32:18
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 3 No. 2 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c) 2015 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/5323
2015-11-13T10:54:57Z
IJBR:ART
"151111 2015 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Presence and antibiotic susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes in retail meat and meat products
DoÄŸruer, Yusuf
University of Selcuk, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology
Telli, Nihat
University of Selcuk, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Department of Food Technology
Telli, Arife Ezgi
University of Selcuk, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology
Güner, Ahmet
University of Selcuk, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology
In this study total of 200 samples including red meat, ready to eat meat (RTE) and traditional red meat products were taken from butcher shops and supermarkets and analyzed for the presence of L. monocytogenes. Presence of Listeria spp. was investigated with cultural and PCR methods. Susceptibility of the isolates to 18 antibiotics were determined by disk diffusion method.
19 out of 200 samples (9.5 %) were found to be contaminated with Listeria spp. The isolates were identified as L.monocytogenes, L. innocua, L. seeligeri, L. welshimeri, L. ivanovii; 22.10 %, 55.79 %, 11.58 %, 6.32 %, 4.21 % respectively. L. monocytogenes were isolated from meat pieces (2/40), minced meat (3/40) and hamburger (1/20).
All of the L. monocytogenes isolates were susceptible to three antibiotics (Amoxycillin/Clavulonic acid, Sulphamethoxazole/ Trimethoprim and Vancomycin) and resistance to one antibiotic (Clindamicin).
As a result, it was evaluated that minced meat and meat pieces was the highest rate (83.3 %, 5/6) of contamination with L. monocytogenes. Determination of non-pathogenic Listeria spp. is found to be important because of the indicator of L. monocytogenes. Hereby, the results presented in this study indicated the potential risk of raw meat and meat products on infection with L. monocytogenes.
Science Publishing Corporation
2015-10-27 13:32:18
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 3 No. 2 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c) 2015 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/5552
2016-05-27T08:41:17Z
IJBR:ART
"160120 2016 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Mineralisation of natural rubber (poly cis 1-4 isoprene) by co-cultured bacterial strains isolated from rubber plantation area
Muralidharan, Manasa
Department of Biotechnology, Stella Maris College
Krishnaswamy, Veena Gayathri
Objective: To isolate Natural Rubber degrading Bacterial co-cultures from rubber plantation soil and to characterize and identify the organisms by 16s r RNA sequencing.
Methods: Cocultures of the bacteria were isolated from the contaminated site by enrichment culture technique. Plate assay method and liquid assay method by using Mineral Salt Medium was followed for screening of bacteria for its capacity to mineralize Natural rubber. Degradation was confirmed by Spectrophotmetric and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) studies.Natural rubber degraded by the cocultures were studied at different concentrations and the physico-chemical analysis were optimized (pH, temperature, carbon and nitrogen sources)
Results: Isolated organism was identified as Bacillus cohnii and Brevundimonas naejangsanensis. The co-cultures were able to utilize the Natural rubber which was confirmed by Spectrophotometric and FTIR studies. From the current study it was evaluated that Natural rubber was mineralized up to 50 % where optimum concentration was 10 %.
Conclusion: From current investigation, it can be concluded that our isolated bacterial cocultures Bacillus cohnii and Brevundimonas naejangsanensis have the capacity to mineralize Natural rubber and hence such isolated cocultures can be used in removal of from waste Natural rubber products in the environment.
Science Publishing Corporation
2016-01-20 11:57:48
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/5684
2016-05-27T08:41:17Z
IJBR:ART
"160129 2016 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Poronia radicata Hembrom, A. Parihar & K. Das, A new record from Maharashtra State, India
Rajendra, Patil Anjali
Research Student,Department of Botany, Rajaram College, Kolhapur,Maharashtra, India.
Prakash, Patil Ketaki
Assistant Professor,Department of Botany, Rajaram College, Kolhapur
Family Xylariaceae is represented from India by 187 species belonging to 12 genera till date. Genus Poronia Willdenow ex SF Gray was reported for the first time from Kolkata in 2013. During the present mycological exploration, the species Poronia radicata Hembrom, A. Parihar & K. Das, a coprophillous member of family Xylariaceae was collected and studied. This is the second report from the Indian sub-continent and first from state of Maharashtra, India. Thus, it makes a new report to the fungi of Maharashtra.
Science Publishing Corporation
2016-01-20 11:57:48
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/5692
2016-05-27T08:41:17Z
IJBR:ART
"160126 2016 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Marital fidelity and congregation of Indian sarus crane, Grus antigone antigone in and around Alwara lake of district Kaushambi (Uttar Pradesh), India
Prakash, Shri
KAPG College Allahabad-211001(U.P.)
Verma, Ashok Kumar
Government Post Graduate College Saidabad Allahabad (U.P.)
Sarus crane is a monogamous bird and well known as an eternal symbol of unconditional love, devotion and good fortune. Its occurrence represents a healthy wetland ecosystem. These cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds belonging to family: Gruidae, order: Gruiformes, class: Aves and phylum: Chordata. Indian Sarus Crane, Grus antigone antigone is the largest of the crane species found in India. These water birds prefer open habitat like marsh areas, abundantly irrigated paddy fields, grass land and river banks as these areas suit them for foraging, roosting and nesting. It has been showing an increasing population trends in this wetland because its habitat is well suited for its population growth. The present study concerns the survey of Indian Sarus Crane in and around Alwara Lake of District Kaushambi (U.P.) during 2014 with special reference to marital fidelity and congregation. The authors reported a congregation of maximum up to 155 cranes during the study period.
Science Publishing Corporation
2016-01-20 11:57:48
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/5798
2016-05-27T08:41:17Z
IJBR:ART
"160226 2016 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Microbiological and physicochemical properties of commercial seal tampered refrigerated fruit juices
Oluwole, Olusola
ekiti state university, ado-ekiti, nigeria
David, Oluwole
ekiti state university, ado-ekiti, nigeria
Falegan, christopher
ekiti state university, ado-ekiti, nigeria
Awojuyigbe, Biodun
ekiti state university, ado-ekiti, nigeria
Olajide, Olatunji
Microbial and physicochemical properties of seven branded, seal tampered refrigerated fruit juices were carried out in this study using standard methods. Coliform counts ranged from 2.079 to3.093 log10cfu/ml over the storage period with pineapple juice and citrus juice having the highest and least coliform count respectively. Total bacteria count in the juice ranged from 7.009 to 8.243 log10cfu/ml. Citrus fruit juice however had the highest staphylococcal count while pineapple juice had the least (2.344 to 3.881log10cfu/ml). Also, osmophilic yeast count ranged from 2.017 to 3.903log10cfu/ml, having the highest load in orange fruit juice and lowest load in citrus fruit juice. The pH of the juice samples ranged from 2.9 to 4.2 during the period of refrigeration. Conductivity was highest in apple fruit juice and lowest in orange nectar pulp fruit juice. The total dissolved solids ranged from 0.29 to 1.95 over storage and was recorded highest in apple juice and lowest in orange nectar pulp fruit juice. Turbidity ranged from 5.8-200. These results indicate a reduction in the quality of fruit juices after 5 days of opening and thus reveals that both spoilage and pathogenic organisms could proliferate in juices despite refrigeration.
Science Publishing Corporation
2016-01-20 11:57:48
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/5811
2016-05-27T08:41:17Z
IJBR:ART
"160224 2016 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) exposed rats: Vernonia amygdalina pre-treatment enhances immunity, hepatic and renal function
Usunobun, Usunomena
benson idahosa university, benin city, edo state, nigeria
Okolie, Ngozi
University of Benin
Background: The occurrence of dietary and environmental chemicals such as dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) in drinks and foods including fish and meat as well as fresh supermarket products is well established. This study evaluated protective effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina (VAE) on liver synthetic molecules, kidney function and hematological parameters in acute dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced hepatic toxicity in wistar male rats.
Methods: Experimental rats divided into four groups of six rats each were used. The first group was untreated and served as control. The second group was orally administered VAE (400 mg/kg) only for seven days. The third group was pre-treated with VAE (400mg/kg) for 7 days and administered 20mg/kg DMN 24hrs after VAE pre-treatment. Rats of the fourth group were given 20mg/kg DMN alone same time with that of group 3. All rats were sacrificed 48hrs after DMN administration.
Results: In rats administered 20mg/kg DMN, VAE pre-treatment at 400 mg/kg significantly increased total protein, albumin,White blood cell (WBC), Red blood cell (RBC), Hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) and Platelets while it significantly decreased total bilirubin, urea and creatinine compared to DMN-alone administered rats.
Conclusion: This study suggest that VAE pre-treatment exert its ameliorative effect against DMN-induced hematological and biochemical alterations possibly by preventing the decline of antioxidant defense system and could be prescribed as adjunct to dietary therapy.
Science Publishing Corporation
2016-01-20 11:57:48
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/5836
2016-05-27T08:41:17Z
IJBR:ART
"160312 2016 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Phylogenetic information of freshwater copepod (Diaptomus sicilis) with special reference to 18S rRNA
Mookkaiah, Gomathi Jeyam
University of Madras
Ravichandran, Ramanibai
University of Madras
In the present investigation to isolate freshwater calanoid copepods (Diaptomus sicilis) was characterized and identify the organisms by 18S rRNA sequencing. Plankton samples containing D. sicilis were collected during January 2014 (Post-monsoon) from Madippakkam Lake (12°57'41"N80°11'27"E) Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Immediately after sampling, specimens for genetic analyses were fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol. The total DNA was extracted from the individual copepod D. sicilis using Qiagen Blood tissue kit. The nuclear small subunit 18S rRNA gene was amplified using the Universal primer LCO —1490 (5’-GGTCAACAAATCATAAAGATATTGG-3’) and HCO-2198 (5’-TAAACTTCAGGGTGACCAAAAAATCA-3’). PCR products were loaded onto a 1% TAE agarose gel. Sequences were carried out an automated sequencer. The nucleotide sequence of 1282 base pair region of 18S rRNA was determined for D. sicilis. The similarity of sequences of D. sicilis was retrieved by BLASTn proÂgram and maximum identity and E-value was 76% and 0.00, respectively. The PCR products of D. sicilis individuals showed 80% similarity with the partial nuclear small subunit 18S rRNA gene region of other calanoid copepods. Based on molecular data the freshwater Calanoid copepods showed different algorithms and similar types of topologies useful for designing molecular analyses using phylogeny tree construction.Present molecular studÂies on the relationship of D. sicilis with other freshwater calanoid copepods indicate that this species is close to D. castor followed by D. keniraensis.
Science Publishing Corporation
2016-01-20 11:57:48
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/5854
2016-05-27T08:41:17Z
IJBR:ART
"160419 2016 eng "
2307-9029
dc
The effects of NACL, KCL and MGCL2 on the germination of Brassica rapa var. parachinensis seed
Ghanad, Mona
universiti putra malaysia
Binit Nulit, Rosimah
Go, Rusea
Yong Seok Yien, Christina
This study was conducted to determine seed germination on the mechanisms of salinity stress in B. rapa var. parachinensis (Hong kong choy sum). The type of experiment was a completely randomized design with three salinity treatment NaCl, MgCl2, and KCl and minimum four replications was used. Salinity treatment consisted of 0 (control), 50, 100, 150, 200, mM concentrations. The experiment was carried out under 70% relative humidity at 23°C with a photoperiod of 8:16 h light/dark. The germinated seeds were counted every day and germination percentage, seed vigor, seed tolerance, length of seedling and biomass seedling was measured. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA multiple comparison test followed by Duncan’s multiple range test.
Science Publishing Corporation
2016-01-20 11:57:48
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http://www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/IJBR/article/view/5854
International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/5901
2016-05-27T08:41:17Z
IJBR:ART
"160406 2016 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Influence of temperature and different culture media on growth of fusarium udum (Butler), causal organism of wilt of pigeonpea
Desai, Udaysingh
Mycology and Plant Pathology LaboratoryDepartment of BotanyShivaji University
Andoji, Yogesh
Mycology and Plant Pathology LaboratoryDepartment of BotanyShivaji University
Kamble, Shivaji
Mycology and Plant Pathology LaboratoryDepartment of BotanyShivaji University
The conditions suitable for growth of Fusarium udum causing wilt of Pigeon pea were analysed. Pigeon pea seed agar medium and Czapek Dox Agar medium was found to be most suitable growth medium for mycelial growth and sporulation of Fusarium udum. The optimum temperature for growth of Fusarium udum was found to be 28±2°C.
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2016-01-20 11:57:48
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/5910
2016-05-27T08:41:17Z
IJBR:ART
"160323 2016 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Effect of mercury (HG) on some biological parameters of channa punctatus
Gupta, Yogesh
Bundelkhand universityJhashi (U.P)
Kumar, Pravesh
Freshwater fish, channa punctatus caught from Yamuna river studied for toxicity and biological parameters. In the present study short-term (96 hr) toxicity of mercury in relation to estimation of hematological test for channa punctatus. The control fishes showed mean value of 75.00 g/dL for hemoglobin. The fishes were exposed to sub- lethal concentration of mercuric chloride showed the hemoglobin mean values of 67.2, 50.8, 42.6 and 29.2 g/dL hemoglobin at 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.10 ppm treatment respectively. The values for treatments showed a significant decrease when compared to the control (P-0.05).The heavy metals has a direct effect on the 96-hr LC50 values of the respective heavy metals and the susceptibility of fish.
Science Publishing Corporation
2016-01-20 11:57:48
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/5939
2016-05-27T08:41:17Z
IJBR:ART
"160324 2016 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Phytochemical composition, in vitro antioxidant activity and acute toxicity of Irvingia gabonensis (O’Rorke) baill ethanolic leaf extract
Ewere, Efosa
University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.
Uka, Emmanuel
University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Usunobun, Usunomena
Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.
This study was aimed at determining the phytochemical composition, antioxidant effect and acute toxicity of Irvingia gabonensis (O’Rorke) baill (IG) ethanolic leaf extract. Qualitative phytochemcal analysis was carried out on the ethanolic leaf extract using standard procedures. Different concentrations of the plant extract (20 µg/ml- 100µg/ml) were used to assess its effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical activity, It's reducing power and it total phenolic content. Lorke’s method of acute toxicity was adopted for the acute toxicity study. Results obtained showed the presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, steroids, and carbohydrates in the leaf extract. The ethanolic leaf extract of IG significantly (P< 0.05) inhibited the activity of DPPH when compared with the vitamin C standard. IG leaf extract also showed a higher reducing power as compared with the Vitamin C standard. The total phenolic content of IG ethanolic leaf extract was however, significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of gallic acid, the standard used. Futhermore, the LD50 of the ethanolic leaf extract was found to be above 5000mg/kg body weight. Irvingia gabonensis (O’Rorke) baill ethanolic leaf extract is a rich source of important phytochemicals and possesses a high antioxidant activity. Also, the administration of the ethanolic leaf extract in wistar rats is safe up to a dose of 5000mg/kg body weight.
Science Publishing Corporation
2016-01-20 11:57:48
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/5967
2016-05-27T08:41:17Z
IJBR:ART
"160415 2016 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Isolation, characterization and decolorization of textile dyes by fungal isolates from textile effluents
Titilayo, Femi-Ola
Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, P. M. B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti,Nigeria
Emmanuel, Adeyemi
adeyemiae@yahoo.com
Victor, Atere
Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, P. M. B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti,Nigeria
Synthetic dyes have an adverse effect on the aquatic ecosystem and their toxic component has to be removed from the effluent before their exoneration. Microorganisms have the potentials to degrade complex and recalcitrant organic compounds into simpler fragments achieving complete mineralization. Thus, the aim of this work is to isolate and investigate the degradative potential of fungal isolates recovered from textile effluents. The fungal isolates encountered includes; Aspergillus niger (14.3 %), Aspergillus fumigatus (14.3 %), Cryptococcus sp. (28.6 %) and Candida albican (42.9 %). The fungal isolates utilized some selected synthetic dyes (Malachite green, Methylene blue, Eosin Y and Carbol fuchsine) as sole source of carbon and nitrogen. All the fungal isolates exhibited degradative and decolourization potential against the different dyes tested at varying degree. Highest decolourization (79.4%) was obtained by Aspergillus niger for Eosin Y dye, followed by Cryptococcus sp. (77.0%) for the same dye after five days incubation. However the least decolourization efficiency (35%) was obtained by Aspergillus fumigatus for Malachite green. The results have demonstrated the potential of the fungal isolates for the treatment of dye wastewater.
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2016-01-20 11:57:48
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/6008
2016-05-27T08:41:17Z
IJBR:ART
"160419 2016 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Response surface methodology for optimal immobilization of Aspergillus niger ATCC 1015 lipase by adsorption method
Osho, Michael
McPherson University
Popoola, Tope
Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta
Adeleye, Tolulope
Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta
Adetunji, Christianah
McPherson University
Optimization of Vegetable Sponge (Luffa aegyptiaca) (VS) - immobilization conditions of Aspergillus niger ATCC 1015 lipase on Solid State Fermentation (SSF) was carried out using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Four independent variables (temperature, pH, enzyme loading and enzyme stability) were optimized using Central Composite Design of RSM for lipase production in a solid rice bran-physic nut cake medium. The optimal immobilization conditions obtained were 45 °C, pH 7.0, 2.5% (w/v) enzyme loading and 32.5% (v/v) enzyme stability (using glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent) resulted into lipase activity of 98.6 Ug-1. The result demonstrates the potential application of vegetable sponge under SSF system in immobilizing lipase, thus contributed to efficiency of the use of this biomatrix as an immobilizing agent. The statistical tools employed predicted the optimal conditions for the production of the immobilized lipase thus revealing the full potential of the support.
Science Publishing Corporation
2016-01-20 11:57:48
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/6030
2016-05-27T08:41:17Z
IJBR:ART
"160429 2016 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Multidrug resistant Salmonella sp isolated from chicken
Victor, Atere
Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, P. M. B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti,Nigeria
Antibiotic resistance has been a major problem in combatting Salmonella in poultry, this research was designed to determine the antibiotic resistance level of Salmonella isolated from freshly dead chicken. A total of 107 freshly dead chicken were collected from 23 different farms, birds were necropsied, liver and trachea were collected, Salmonella were recovered from the samples using peptone water, Rappaport-Vassiliadis R10 Broth and Salmonella-Shigella agar. Pure culture were identified using cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics. The pure isolates were subjected to antibiotic test using disc diffusion method. Sixteen isolates of Salmonella were recovered, 3 of which were from the trachea while 13 were recovered from the liver. All of the Salmonella isolates were resistant to Amoxicillin 100% while Nitrofuratoin was least resisted with only 37.5% of the Salmonella isolates showing resistance. The antibiotic resistant pattern often observed in this study were AMP, AUG, TLY with 75% (12); AMP, AUG, TLY, CPR, ENR, 50% (8); while 6.3% (1) was resistant to all of the antibiotics tested. This result showed that there is an emergence of multi-resistance Salmonella in poultry, therefore it is important to carry out sensitivity test before administration of antibiotics in order to control poultry salmonellosis.
Science Publishing Corporation
2016-01-20 11:57:48
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/6069
2017-05-23T03:25:16Z
IJBR:ART
"170226 2017 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Bioprospective potentials of endophytic fungi penicillium SPP isolated from leaves of azadirachta indica (A. JUSS)
Abubakar, salisu
Bitechnology Advanced Research Centre, Abuja, Nigeria
Wusa Ndana, Rebeccah
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Abuja, Nigeria
Samuel Afolabi, Abolade
Bitechnology Advanced Research Centre, Abuja, Nigeria
The focus of this research work was to isolates and identify endophytic fungi from young leaves and stems (twig) of Azadirachta indica, family (Meliaceae) for the production and assay of the produced secondary metabolites. Altogether 126 segments were used, of which 63 segments each from leaves and stems (twig) tissues were screened, using modified surface sterilization techniques. A total of 12 species of endophytic fungi were purely isolated, Penicillium spp was randomly selected for the extraction and evaluation of its secondary metabolites. The eluent collected from column chromatography mixture of ethylacetate and n- hexane (50:50v/v) was phytochemically screened, and the results showed the presence of saponins, flavonoids and phenols. Based on disc diffusion method of sensitivity, the eluent possessed some degree of antibacterial and antifungal activities. In addition, in-vitro antioxidant potentiality of the eluent was also evaluated using 2, 2- Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH, Sigma Aldrich). Statistical package for social science (SPSS 3/93) software was used to analyze the results using one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), which revealed no significant difference, on the effect of concentrations of eluent on test organisms but the eluent showed significant difference on scavenging free radicals at a critical value (p >0.05).
Science Publishing Corporation
2016-12-09 04:41:05
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 5 No. 1 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/6134
2016-05-27T08:41:17Z
IJBR:ART
"160522 2016 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Production of ethanol and clarification of apple juice by pectinase enzyme produced from Aspergillus terreus NCFT 4269.10
Sethi, Bijay
MITS School of Biotechnology
Satpathy, Amrita
MITS School of Biotechnology
Tripathy, Subodh
MITS School of Biotechnology
Parida, Sidarth
MITS School of Biotechnology
Singdevsachan, Sameer Kumar
Behera, Bikash
North Orissa University
Aspergillus terreus NCFT 4269.10 was evaluated by liquid static surface fermentation (LSSF), shaking fermentation (ShF) and solid state fermentation (SSF) for the production of pectinase. Among various substrates tested, banana peels supported maximum production of pectinase i.e. 1000 ± 141.42 U/ml. The biomass of A. terreus was maximum with wheat bran (0.55±0.07g/50ml). Pectinase produced by A. terreus displayed higher specific activity when wheat bran was used as the sole source of carbon and energy. After successful fermentation, crude enzyme was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity with a specific activity of 1846.50 U/mg from an initial specific activity of 1282.05 U/mg. The cell free-dialyzed-enzyme containing 107100 U was purified to 1.44 fold with an overall enzyme yield of 35.70%.Immobilization study revealed that the production of pectinase was increased up to third cycle and decreased thereafter when further pectinase production was carried out by immobilized spores of A. terreus.
Science Publishing Corporation
2016-01-20 11:57:48
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/6145
2016-05-28T11:55:28Z
IJBR:ART
"160527 2016 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Diversity of medicinal plants in homegardens in Tanjung Julu village, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Silalahi, Marina
Universitas Kristen Indonesia
Background: The homegardens is a landscape which rich of plants diversity, so it have been used by human to supply of needs.
Objective: To documention the medicinal plants in homegardens by local communities in Tanjung Julu village.
Methods: the research conducted through ethnobotany approach. We interviwed to 30 informants and explored the 30 homegardens in Tanjung Julu village at August-December 2012.
Results: A total 63 the medicinal plants species belonging to 48 genera and 29 families is reported with ethnomedicinal uses to curing the 20 diseases.Those that is used mostly belong to Zingiberaceae (11 species), Rutaceae (8 species), Euphorbiaceae (6 species),and Asteraceae (5 species). The medicinal plants in homegardens are economic commodities (18 species), vegetable (11species), and ornamental (9 species).
Conclusions: The medicinal plants in homegardens by local communities in Tanjung Julu villages for subsistence of local households, significantly contribute to conservation of biodiversity.Â
Science Publishing Corporation
2016-01-20 11:57:48
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/6161
2016-05-27T08:41:17Z
IJBR:ART
"160524 2016 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Production process and characterization of extra cellular li-pids from bacterial strain from oil industries waste
Balamurugan, Vadivel
PG and Research Department of Biotechnology, Sri Vinayaga College of Arts and Science,Ulundurpet-606 107, Tamil Nadu, India.
Balakrishnan, Veluchamy
PG and Research Department of Botany, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Namakkal- 637 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
Sundaresan, Arjunan
PG and Research Department of Biotechnology, Sri Vinayaga College of Arts and Science,Ulundurpet-606 107, Tamil Nadu, India.
Vasanthi, Kodhandapani
PG and Research Department of Biotechnology, Sri Vinayaga College of Arts and Science,Ulundurpet-606 107, Tamil Nadu, India.
Venkatesan, Selvaraj
PG and Research Department of Biotechnology, Sri Vinayaga College of Arts and Science,Ulundurpet-606 107, Tamil Nadu, India.
The Bacillus sp was isolated from oil industry waste. The isolated strain was screened for the production of lipase enzyme. The production was done by shake flask fermentation. After downstream processing, the partial purification was done my ammonium sulphate precipitation & dialysis and the assay was done by photometric method. The various factors affecting production of extra cellular lipase activity was assayed which include pH, different substrate, temperature and additives. Besides, production was made using different carbon source and crude medium. Result showed that pH 6 and 37°C is an optimum environmental parameter for the growth of the isolate. In addition, the sucrose was found to be better carbon source.
Science Publishing Corporation
2016-01-20 11:57:48
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/6239
2016-11-27T09:30:36Z
IJBR:ART
"160816 2016 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Assessing composition and diversity of woody vegetation in mined arid and semi arid lands of Kerio valley, Kenya
Barsosio, Abraham
Egerton University, Njoro
Kirui, Bernard
Egerton University, Njoro
Maara, Nelson
Egerton University, Njoro
The woody vegetation in semi-arid area is important in providing ecosystem services and goods. However, it faces threats manifested in land-use changes such as mining. This study aimed at assessing the composition and diversity of woody vegetation as well as inherent soil physico-chemical parameters in a previously mined area and comparing it with a semi-pristine adjacent area. Six transects containing five plots each were established within two blocks separated by a river. In each plot, data was collected on woody tree growth characteristics and soil parameters. Thirteen woody species were recorded in the rehabilitated mined and twenty two in semi-pristine sites with Ficus sycomorus L Moraceae being the dominant species at the two sites. Woody vegetation diversity was higher in semi-pristine site than in the rehabilitated mined site. However, this was not significant (t-test, =D.F=1 P=0.767). Mean soil nutrients (F2, 7. = P=0.821), pH (F2, 7. =109.88, P=xxx), was higher in rehabilitated mined sites while mean soil temperature (F2, 7. =9.08, P=0.011) was higher in mined areas. Rehabilitating mined sites can bring back species diversity, composition, however what is not clear is whether ecosystem functions are restored.Â
Science Publishing Corporation
2016-06-22 07:20:19
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/6240
2016-11-27T09:30:36Z
IJBR:ART
"160628 2016 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Grazing intensity contributes to cyanogenic toxicity in savannah grasses in Baringo county
Koskei, Alfayo
Egerton University, Njoro
Maranga, Elias
Egerton University, Njoro
Obonyo, Meshack
Egerton University, Njoro
The potential role of anti-herbivory mechanisms used by plants and their synergistic responses to grazing and interactive effects on herbivores are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to quantify the influence of grazing intensity on cyanogenic glycosides in Lake Bogoria, Baringo County Kenya. Field experiments were carried out in ten 50×10m enclosures. Grazing intensity was varied using simulated grazing method where two grazing treatments used; heavy grazing and light grazing. Grasses were categorized into two age classes; young and old. Cyanigenic glycocides (CNglc) were tested using impregnated picrate paper and their concentration determined by hydrolysis and trapping in 1M NaOH. Our findings showed that five of 16 sampled species produce cyanogenic glycosides; Cynodon dactylon, Cynodon plectostachyus, Digitaria scalarum, Sporobolus spicatus and Cyperus laevigatus. There was an inverse relation between Cyanide concentration and age of the plants. Young cuttings yield more Hydrogen Cyanide than older cuttings of the same grasses.Grazing intensity had a significant effect on the concentration of cyanogenic content in some grass species; C.dactylon (P=0.024) and S. laevigatus (P=0.003). The findings imply that grazing regime of managed pastures should consider the age of forage while allowing utilization of pastures preferably grazed on mature pastures with low levels of cyanogenic glycosides.
Science Publishing Corporation
2016-06-22 07:20:19
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/6280
2016-11-27T09:30:36Z
IJBR:ART
"160627 2016 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Vermiconversion of paper industry waste for recycling the nutrients usig earthworm eudrilus eugeniae kingberg on growth of cluster bean (cymopsis tetragonoloba)
Sivakumar, P.
Department of BiologyGandhigram Rural Institute - Deemed University, Gandhigram 624 302, Dindigul (dt)
Chithra, R.
Objective: To preparation of vermicompost from paper industry waste for recycling the nutrients using earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae kingberg. To analyze the physico chemical parameters of vermicompost, vermiwash and vermicompost extract, enumeration of microorganism from vermicompost, growth parameters and biochemical characteristics of Cluster bean (Cymopsis tetragonoloba) were studied.
Methods: The paper industry wastes washed for two times with preparing the predecompost and it kept in 30 days. For preparing the vermicompost, the predecomposition was directly mixed with cowdung in the ratio of 1:2 on dry weight basis in same tank. Seventy number of healthy, clitellate Eudrilus eugeniae kingberg were introduced in the same tank. After 45 days the trial tank compost were sieved and collected for paper industry waste vermicompost.
Results: The physico chemical parameters of vermicompost vermiwash and vermicompost extract were studied, the growth parameters and biochemical characteristics were higher in treatments 5 and 6 of Cluster bean were using various concentration of vermicompost, vermiwash and vermicompost extract.
Conclusion: Present study was concluded that the Eudrilus eugeniae kingberg is more efficient in bioconversion of paper industry waste vermicompost, vermiwash and vermicompost extract were using various concentration of pot culture study of brinjal was higher growth and high yield and vermicompost act as an excellent biofertilizer of crop plants.
Science Publishing Corporation
2016-06-22 07:20:19
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http://www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/IJBR/article/view/6280
International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/6281
2016-11-27T09:30:36Z
IJBR:ART
"160622 2016 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Characterization of best naringinase producing fungus isolated from the citrus fruits
Srikantha, Keerthini
Ranganathan, Kapilan
Department of BotanyUniversity of JaffnaSri Lanka
Seevaratnam, Vasantharuba
Naringinase enzyme has potential application in food and pharmaceutical industry. Naringin and limonin are principle bitter components in the citrus fruit. The microorganisms that associate with citrus fruit may have the ability to degrade the naringin by extracellular naringinase enzymes that are produced by microorganisms. The objective of the study is to isolate naringinase producing fungus from the citrus fruit to debitter the citrus juice and to characeterize the fungus. Citrus fruits were allowed to spoil under the air and soil and the lesion was used to streak on fresh PDA plates. Out of the eight strains isolated from citrus fruits, five were positive for naringinase enzyme. When all the naringinase producing fungi were subjected to liquid fermentation medium for eight days at room temperature at 200 rpm and the crude enzyme was tested for naringinase enzyme at pH 5 and 50 ºC for 10 minutes, one strain showed the best naringenase activity (1.92 µmol/ml/min). This strain was identified as Aspergillus flavus based on the macroscopic, microscopic and biochemical tests. The culture conditions were optimized to increase the naringinase production via solid state fermentation system using paddy husk as the support. Though naringinase activity of Aspergillus flavus has started on the 2nd day, the highest activity (449.58Ug-1Dry Matter) was obtained on the 8th day. Thereafter the naringinase activity has started to decline. Solid state fermentation using paddy husk as support could be used for large scale naringinase enzyme production.
Science Publishing Corporation
2016-06-22 07:20:19
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/6289
2016-11-27T09:30:36Z
IJBR:ART
"160719 2016 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Characterization of best naringinase producing fungus strain isolated from palmyrah (Borrasus flabellifer) fruit pulp
Karuppaija, Sinthuja
Ranganathan, Kapilan
Department of BotanyUniversity of JaffnaSri Lanka
Seevaratnam, Vasantharuba
Background: The Palmyrah (Borrasus flabellifer L.) fruit pulp has the bitter compound flabelliferin (a tetraglycoside) which can be hydrolyzed by naringinase enzyme. The diverse groups of filamentous fungi and bacteria that live in different substrates have the capacity of producing extracellular naringinase enzyme which is of tremendous industrial value.
Objective: The objective of the study was to isolate the naringinase producing fungal strains from Palmyrah and to identify the best naringinase producer under liquid and solid state fermentation systems.
Methods: Fungal strains isolated from Palmyrah fruit pulp and the soil where pulp is allowed to decay, were grown on naringin agar selective medium at pH 6.0 at room temperature and the production of extracellular naringinase was measured in the liquid fermentation media and solid state fermentation system using paddy husk as support.
Results: Five fungal strains isolated from the palmyrah pulp and the pulp decaying in sand designated as PF1,PF2,PF3,PF4 & PF5 had the ability to produce extracellular naringinase enzyme in liquid fermentation media. Fungal strain PF4 that showed highest naringinase enzyme activity (1.769U/ml) was selected among the isolated five fungal strains and identified as Rhizophus stolonifer based on the morphological and biochemical characteristics. When this strain was grown in the solid state fermentation system using paddy husk as media, narininase production was higher (269.84 U/gram of dry substrate) in seven days.
Conclusion: Rhizophus stolonifer could be used to produce large scale naringinase enzyme under solid state fermentation system using very cheap, easily available, agricultural waste paddy husk as support without the need of expensive and well equipped laboratories.
Science Publishing Corporation
2016-06-22 07:20:19
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/6354
2016-11-27T09:30:36Z
IJBR:ART
"160731 2016 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Composting process: a review
Raza, Shahid
University of South Asia, Lahore, Pakistan
Ahmad, Jalil
Composting is one of the important and economical method of recycling organic waste. Composting process involve a number of microbes. Composting have several benefits, it improves manure handling , possible saleable product , improves land application, weed seed and pathogen destruction by high temperature in compost pile, minimum risk of different pollution problems, perfect soil conditioner. Composting is a process in which biological breakdown of organic waste under different controlled conditions takes place.
Science Publishing Corporation
2016-06-22 07:20:19
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/6361
2017-05-23T03:25:16Z
IJBR:ART
"170512 2017 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Analysis and cloning of CP 1102 gene isolated from a medicinal plant
Mubeen, Hira
University of South Asia, Lahore, Pakistan
Raza, Shahid
University of South Asia, Lahore, Pakistan
Calotropis procera is a common medicinal plant with various properties related with its latex which functions as a rich source of biologically active compounds. Latex is chemically diverse and the chemical and biochemical differences are considerable for different plant fluids. This plant can produce large quantity of latex. The study was performed to clone the CP1102 terminator region of gene in general expression vector PTZ57R/T. The objective was to make a variant of pJITT166 (size ~5.8kb) containing CP1102 terminator sequence to study different expression levels in future. The fragment of 341bp size was isolated. The pDNOR vector containing CP1102 terminator sequence was isolated and amplified by PCR. The forward and reverse primer specific to CP1102 terminator sequence which can amplify this sequence are designed by using bioinformatics tools.
Science Publishing Corporation
2016-12-09 04:41:05
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http://www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/IJBR/article/view/6361
International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 5 No. 1 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/6384
2016-11-27T09:30:36Z
IJBR:ART
"160816 2016 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Study of the exogenous hormonal regulation of leaf senescence in two millets, Setaria italica, l. and Pennisetum typhoides, burm
Mahapatra, Mamata
KHALLIKOITE UNIVERSITY,BERHAMPUR-760001ODISHA,INDIA
Kumar, K. Bijay
Mohanty, B. K.
The present project is aimed at studying the exogenous regulation of leaf senescence in two millets i.e. Setaria italica, L. and Pennisetum typhoides Burm. The present study is confined to the study of excised leaf senescence by using growth regulators as the exogenous agents. Attached leaf study was avoided for the reason that preliminary experiments showed insensitiveness of the leaves of these two millets to growth regulators in the attached condition. In this study three growth regulators were selected, each from three major groups. Benzimidazole (BZI) represented cytokinins and indole acetic acid represented the auxins and GA3 represented Gibberelic Acid. In the present investigation, a significant negative correlation between RNA loss and RNase activity was found in both S.italica and P.typhoides. This suggests RNase like chlorophyllase responsible for bio-molecular breakdown. DNase activity was stable, it's activity increasing either in the first 72 h or up to the end of the incubation, but DNase activity decreased with time. Thus there was no correlation between the two. Acid phosphatase activity did not show any correlation with the established parameters of senescence, thus in both the plants the activity of the enzyme cannot be treated as an indicator of senescence. Among the two pyrophosphatases, alkaline enzyme showed a parallelism with the changes in chlorophyll and can be used as a reliable indicator of the process. On the other hand acid inorganic phosphatase activity increased during the incubation, but had no significant relation with other senescence related changes, suggesting more investigations to ascertain the role of acid inorganic pyrophosphatase.
Science Publishing Corporation
2016-06-22 07:20:19
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/6414
2016-11-27T09:30:36Z
IJBR:ART
"160802 2016 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Artificial rubber mineralization by co-cultured bacterial strains
Muralidharan, Manasa
Department of Biotechnology, Stella Maris College
Krishnaswamy, Veenagayathri
Department of Biotechnology, Stella Maris College
Objective: This study involves the use Natural Rubber degrading Bacterial co-cultures isolated from rubber plantation soil for the degradation of Artificial Rubber.
Methods:Plate assay method and liquid assay method by using Mineral Salt Medium was followed for screening of bacteria for its capacity to mineralize Artificial rubber. Degradation was confirmed by Spectrophotometric and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) studies. The co-cultures were able to utilize the artificial rubber which was confirmed by Spectrophotometric and FTIR studies.
Results: Bacterial cocultures have the capacity to mineralize artificial rubber. Mineralization was observed for 30 days and it was maximum (6.48 x 10-5) on the 20th Day. This was confirmed using SEM and FTIR.Further, these were applied on bioplastics and plastics to study their capacity to degrade them. It was able to degrade them as well which was confirmed using FTIR.
Conclusion: From current investigation, it can be concluded that the bacterial cocultures Bacillus cohnii and Brevundimonas naejangsanensis have the capacity to mineralize artificial rubber, plastics and bioplastics. Hence such isolated cocultures can be used in removal of artificial rubber, plastics and bioplastic wastes from the environment.
Science Publishing Corporation
2016-06-22 07:20:19
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/6426
2021-02-19T14:05:35Z
IJBR:ART
"160826 2016 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Comparative safety profiles of two enrofloxacin generics after repeated intracrop administration to broilers
Ehmeza, Nasser
University of Tripoli
Elmajdoub, Abdelrazzag
University of Tripoli
Abusnina, Abdurazzag
University of Tripoli
Bennour, Emad
University of Tripoli
Giuma Elhafi, Giuma Elhafi
University of Tripoli
El-Mahmoudy, Abubakr
Benha University
Clinicochemical, haematological and histopathological alterations were demonstrated in broiler chickens following repeated oral bolus administration of two different enrofloxacin generic preparations, formulated as 10% oral solutions, given at a dose regimen of 10 mg/Kg body weight for 5 consecutive days. The two tested preparations were Enrol® (Medmac®, Jordan), referred thereafter as ENRO-A; and Syvaquinol® (Syva®, Spain), which referred thereafter as ENRO-B. Eighteen broilers chickens, aging 40 days old, divided equally and randomly into three groups, have been used in the present study. ENRO-A or ENRO-B was given via intra-crop route of administration at the above-mentioned dose regimen to birds of the 2nd and the 3rd groups, respectively; where those of the 1st group were given water instead and kept as control. Blood samples were collected from all birds via the wing and metatarsal veins on the 5th day for clinicochemical and haematological examinations. Birds were then humanely sacrificed and liver, kidneys and heart were dissected out for histopathological examination. Results revealed that ENRO-A induced a significant (p<0.05) increase of the activity of alkaline phosphatase compared to ENRO-B as well as control group. Both ENRO-A and ENRO-B caused significant increases in the levels of plasma urea and creatinine concentrations compared to control (p<0.05), with higher significance in case of ENRO-A. Activity of plasma creatine kinase significantly (p<0.05) increased after ENRO-A compared to control and ENRO-B-treated groups. ENRO-A and ENRO-B significantly (p<0.05) increased blood glucose and triglyceride levels compared to that of control. Cholesterol level was increased significantly (p<0.05) only after ENRO-B repeated administration. However, other metabolic parameters showed insignificant changes. Parallel inflammatory and degenerative histopathological changes in the affected organs, except kidneys, have been observed. Nevertheless, administration of either ENRO-A or ENRO-B caused insignificant changes in hematological parameters of the treated chicken groups. Data of the present study may indicate that enrofloxacin may cause organ dysfunction in broilers during the course of therapy based on clinicochemical and histopathological reasons. The data may also indicate that the pharmaceutical technology may be a detrimental factor in safety profiles of generic products based on the differences recorded between the two tested brands.
Science Publishing Corporation
2016-06-22 07:20:19
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/6429
2016-11-27T09:30:36Z
IJBR:ART
"160806 2016 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Evaluation of antimycobacterial rhamnolipid production from non-cytotoxic strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from rhizospheric soil of medicinal plants
Mishra, Alok K
Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow
Dubey, Rikesh K
Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow
Yabaji, Shivraj M
Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow
Jaiswal, Swati
Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow
Rhamnolipids (RLs) are the bacterial derived biosurfactants and known for a wide range of industrial and therapeutic applications. They exhibit potent anti-bacterial activity against various gram positive, gram negative and acid fast bacteria including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Since, Pseudomonas is one of the largest known genuses containing a variety of rhamnolipid producing strains. Therefore, in this study, we selectively isolated the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from the rhizospheric soil of the Indian plants of medicinal value, e.g. Azadirachta Indica and Ficus spp., and evaluated them for their natural ability to produce antibacterial rhamnolipids. The bacteria were identified on the basis of 16s rRNA sequencing and biochemical characterization. Among 33 of P. aeruginosa isolates from different soil samples, four isolates showed potent inhibitory activity against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and fast grower mycobacterial spp. The inhibitory potential of the isolates was found to be correlated with their ability to produce RLs in the medium. The industrial viability of the strains was assessed on the basis of cytotoxicity determining alternative allele, exoS/exoU and cell mediated cytotoxicity against murine macrophages J774.1. The newly isolated strains harbor exoS allele and exhibits lower cell mediated cytotoxicity on macrophage cell line as compared to the clinical strains PA-BAA-427 and PA-27853 used as a control in this study.
Evaluation of antimycobacterial rhamnolipid production from non-cytotoxic strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated
from rhizospheric soil of medicinal plants
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2016-06-22 07:20:19
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/6431
2016-11-27T09:30:37Z
IJBR:ART
"160906 2016 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Comparative study of biogas production from animal wastes by anaerobic digestion
Soom, Solomon
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Mkar, Nigeria.
Adebo, Adeyinka
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Mkar, Nigeria.
Orsaa, James
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Mkar, Nigeria.
Ishuwa, Miriam
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Mkar, Nigeria.
This study compares biogas production from cattle dung, piggery faeces and poultry wastes under different environmental conditions by anaerobic digestion as a means of managing municipal solid wastes and was conducted in the Department of Biological Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi from 1st August, 2011 to 13th December, 2011. A 6 Kg of each of waste was mixed with four litres of water and loaded into three locally constructed digesters. The biogas produced was measured using water displacement method after every 5 days. The result indicated that piggery feaces gave the highest yield of biogas (1.07 L/kg), followed by cattle dung (0.71 L/kg), with poultry wastes the least (0.42 L/kg) all under direct sunlight. This study shows that piggery droppings are the best substrate for biogas production and the best yield result when the process is carried out under direct sunlight. However, statistical analysis showed no significant difference in the biogas yield of these feed stocks at 5 % level of significance. Anaerobic digestion is recommended to be explored as an environmentally friendly technology for organic waste management.
Science Publishing Corporation
2016-06-22 07:20:19
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/6434
2016-11-27T09:30:36Z
IJBR:ART
"160806 2016 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Isolation and screening of kojic acid producing isolate of Aspergillus oryzae potentially applicable for production from sugarcane molasses
Rasmey, Abdel-hamied
Faculty of science, suez university
Basha, Aya
Faculty of science, suez university
Kojic acid is an organic acid produced as secondary metabolite by different fungi specially Aspergillus species. Isolation of a novel fungal strain potential for kojic acid production from agro-industrial wastes was the main purpose of the present study. Kojic acid was estimated in the current investigation colorimetric by 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCIP). A total of 43 fungal isolates belonging to seven species of Aspergillus recovered from stored wheat grains and dust air were screened for their ability to produce kojic acid. Ten isolates of them belonging to A. oryzae and A. flavus var. columnaris produced high concentrations (16.818 ± 0.006 - 43.917 ± 0.389 g/l) of kojic acid from glucose. The secondary screening of these ten isolates for kojic acid production from glucose, sucrose, starch, maltose and cellulose as different carbon sources resulted that A. oryzae 124A was the highly producer on glucose and sucrose recording 44.189 ± 0.079 and 32.135 ± 0.298 g/l, respectively. A. oryzae 124A produced 15.022 ± 0.017 g/l of kojic acid from the pretreated semisynthetic sugarcane molasses. The maximum concentration (29.431 ± 0.001 g/l) of kojic acid production by A. oryzae 124A from sugarcane molasses was obtained when the fungus grown on 5 % sugarcane molasses adjusted at pH 3.5 and incubated at 28∘C for 19 days. The recorded results suggested that A. oryzae 124A could be used as a promising candidate for utilization in kojic acid fermentation from sugarcane molasses on industrial scale.
Science Publishing Corporation
2016-06-22 07:20:19
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/6454
2016-11-27T09:30:36Z
IJBR:ART
"160816 2016 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Effects of seed pre-treatments on the germination of Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii
Bamigboye, Tolulope Olaseini
Kayode, Joshua
Department of Plant Science,Ekiti State University,Ado-Ekiti,Nigeria
The effect of various seed pre-treatments on the germination of Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii was examined in this study. The pre-treatments included seeds with their testa removed, intact seeds soaked in GA3, seeds soaked in GA3 for one hour after which their gelatinous covers were removed, seeds soaked in GA3 for one hour after which their testa were removed and seeds tied in polythene for 2 days. Intact seeds sown directly without any treatment served as control. Results obtained revealed that while germination did not occurred in seeds whose testa were removed and seeds soaked in GA3 for1 hour after which their testa were removed, germination occurred in other treated seeds and the control. Also while germination occurred in the first 5 weeks in seeds soaked in GA3 and seeds soaked in GA3 for 1 hour after which their gelatinous covers were removed, germination first occurred in 9 days in seeds soaked in GA3 for 1 hour after which their gelatinous covers were removed and in10 days in intact seeds soaked in GA3. Growth occurred in other treated seeds at 11-15weeks experimental time. At 25 weeks experimental time, intact seeds soaked in GA3 had the highest % germination and the germination occurred within the shortest experimental time.
Science Publishing Corporation
2016-06-22 07:20:19
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/6457
2016-11-27T09:30:36Z
IJBR:ART
"160823 2016 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Phytochemical screening, FT-IR analysis and antimicrobial activity of Wattakaka volubilis
Selvaraj, Venkatesan
PG and Research Department of Biotechnology, Sri Vinayaga College of Arts and Science, Ulundurpet, 606 107, Tamil Nadu, India
M., Anithakumari
PG and Research Department of Biotechnology, Sri Vinayaga College of Arts and Science, Ulundurpet, 606 107, Tamil Nadu, India
V., Balamurugan
PG and Research Department of Biotechnology, Sri Vinayaga College of Arts and Science, Ulundurpet, 606 107, Tamil Nadu, India
Arjunan, Sundaresan
PG and Research Department of Biotechnology, Sri Vinayaga College of Arts and Science, Ulundurpet, 606 107, Tamil Nadu, India
Perumal, Susindren
PG and Research Department of Biotechnology, Sri Vinayaga College of Arts and Science, Ulundurpet, 606 107, Tamil Nadu, India
K., Vasanthi
PG and Research Department of Biotechnology, Sri Vinayaga College of Arts and Science, Ulundurpet, 606 107, Tamil Nadu, India
The present study was evaluated the phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of Wattakaka volubilis leaf extract. The Wattakaka volubilis is medicinal plant used in the treatment of various diseases (Wound, diabetics, rheumatic and diarrhea). The ethanol, methanol, petroleum ether and DMSO extract from the leaf of Wattakaka volubilis were screened on their phytochemicals analysis. Among thesePhytochemicals were alkaloids, anthroquione, caumarin, flavanoids, phenols, saponins, steroids, tannins and terpenoids for present in the following extracts ethanol, methanol. The petroleum ether and DMSO only present in several phytochemicals like alkaloid, anthroquinone, terpenoids and tannins. Wattakaka volubilis against the antibacterial like E. coli, B. pumilus, Enterobacter aerogens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The zone of inhibition of Wattkaka voulubilis leaf extract against the bacteria was maximum inhibition Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogens, Bacillus pumilis. The least zone of inhibition was recorded against E.coli. The characterization of the plant extract and the functional groups was analyzed in Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The absorbance bands analysis were observed in the region of 4000-400cm-1 are 23 compounds derived. The compounds represented the ranges from 3905.21 to 436.41 peaks were shown. This study which is the primary report on the phytochemicals analysis and antibacterial properties of Wattakaka volubilis supports its traditional uses in the treatment of infectious and non- infectious diseases.
Science Publishing Corporation
2016-06-22 07:20:19
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/6459
2016-11-27T09:30:36Z
IJBR:ART
"160820 2016 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Acetylcholinesterase activity and oxidative stress indices in cerebellum, cortex and hippocampus of rats exposed to lead and manganese
Afolabi, Olusegun
Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
Sulaiman, Oladele
Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso
Adeleke, Gbadedo
Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso
Wusu, Dorcas
Lagos State University, Lagos
Human exposure to metals is a major health concern in the world as a result of increased industrialization. The present study was designed to investigate the toxic effect of lead and manganese alone and in combination on different regions of rat brain, namely cerebellum, cortex and hippocampus. Adult male Wistar rats were exposed to 100 ppm lead as lead acetate, 100 ppm manganese as manganese chloride, and lead and manganese in combination in their drinking water for 4 weeks. Following either lead or manganese exposure, acetylcholinesterase activity and the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were inhibited. Likewise, malonylaldehyde level, a marker of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl groups used to assess oxidatively modified proteins were markedly increased by exposure to either metals. The non-enzymatic antioxidants, reduced glutathione and total thiol groups were significantly (p < 0.05) depleted by these metals. However, these aspects were more pronounced in animals exposed to the mixture of both lead and manganese. The metals displayed additive, as well as, potentiation effect in their interactions in the brain regions. It can thus, be concluded that the mixture of lead and manganese demonstrated a higher neurotoxic effects than does either metals alone.
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2016-06-22 07:20:19
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/6468
2016-11-27T09:30:36Z
IJBR:ART
"160817 2016 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Efficacy of four selective Trichoderma isolates as plant growth promoters in two peanut varieties
Kamaruzzaman, M.
Research Assistant, Department of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
Rahman, M. M.
Islam, M. S.
Ahmad, M. U.
Trichoderma species are generally used as potential bio control agents against wide range of plant pathogenic fungi and some strains are reported to produce metabolites that enhance plant growth. In the current study we evaluated the four Trichoderma isolates viz. T. harzianum (ST5), T. viride (ST6), T. virens (ST7) and T. atroviride (ST9) including a control were tested as seed treatment against to find out a potential growth-promoter of Peanut. T. harzianum (ST5) gave maximum length and weight of shoot, weight of roots with pods, weight of pods and number of nodules per plant. T. viride (ST6) showed higher plant growth, nodulation and yield compared to T. virens (ST7) and T. atroviride (ST9). Minimum growth, yield and nodulation were observed with control treatment.
Science Publishing Corporation
2016-06-22 07:20:19
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International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/6493
2016-11-27T09:30:37Z
IJBR:ART
"160829 2016 eng "
2307-9029
dc
The ethnomedicine of the Batak Karo people of Merdeka sub-district, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Purba, Endang
Universitas Indonesia
-, Nisyawati
Universitas Indonesia
Silalahi, Marina
Universitas Kristen Indonesia
Background: Ethnomedicine can serve as a platform for studying specific relationships between indigenous cultures and using medicinal plants, thus to identify new chemical compounds used as drugs.
Objective: To document the medicinal plants and traditional medicines used by Batak Karo people and to provide information on the pharmacological properties of the most commonly used plants in the preparation to treat of various ailments especially preventive healthcare.
Methods: The ethnobotanical study was conducted in Merdeka sub-district, Karo regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia. An intensive field survey was conducted to collect information on medicinal plants used by the people. Data was collected applying semi-structured interviews (individual and group discussions) and questionnaires.
Results: A total of 124 plants species have been documented to treat various diseases. Zingiberaceae is the highest number of species being used as traditional medicines especially concoction of preventive healthcare. The study revealed that fever is treated using the highest number of different medicinal species (23 species).
Conclusion: Batak Karo people in Merdeka sub-district have a rich local knowledge about medicinal plants. It is a need to extend the documentation of medicinal plants in the area and evaluation its biological activity as a basis for developing future medicines.
Science Publishing Corporation
2016-06-22 07:20:19
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http://www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/IJBR/article/view/6493
International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/6510
2016-11-27T09:30:37Z
IJBR:ART
"160925 2016 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and other enterobacteriaceae associated with ready-to-eat salad
Omoruyi, Iyekhoetin Matthew
BENSON IDAHOSA UNIVERSITY, NIGERIA
Orieruo, Ufuoma Akpezi
BENSON IDAHOSA UNIVERSITY, NIGERIA
Ready-to-eat (RTE) salads sold in Nigeria are poorly delineated sources of human exposure to pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, we investigated the current situation in Benin City, Edo state, Nigeria. Twenty-four samples of RTE salad were obtained from different open markets, and the presence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and other enterobacteriaceae were determined by established methods using both selective and chromogenic agars. All RTE salad samples were found to habour Escherichia coli while 16.7% were further confirmed for the presence of STEC. Other Enterobacteriaceae present included Klebsiella spp, Proteus spp, Enterobacter spp, Serratia spp and Salmonella spp. The antibiogramic profile revealed that all bacterial isolates obtained were resistant to augmentin and amoxicillin while only 11.1% were resistant to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. The percentage resistance for the Shiga-toxin producing strains of E. coli was 60% while Serratia showed resistance to all the antibiotics used. The results of this study showed that RTE salad sold in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria could be a source of public health concern, and effort should be made to avert possible outbreak.
Science Publishing Corporation
2016-06-22 07:20:19
application/pdf
http://www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/IJBR/article/view/6510
International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/6543
2016-11-27T09:30:37Z
IJBR:ART
"160829 2016 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Shiga toxin (STX) gene analysis and verotoxigenic potentials of Escherichia coli isolated from ‘bobozi’- an indigenous Nigerian ready to eat fermented cassava chip
Enabulele, Stephen
Benson Idahosa University, Benin City
Daniel, Ebakota
Benson Idahosa University
Many strains of E. coli have been identified as food borne pathogens inducing serious gastrointestinal diseases and even causing death in humans. Amongst these are those referred to as Shiga or Vero toxin producing E. coli. Bobozi is an Indigenous Nigerian ready to eat snack food made from cassava and is widely consumed in most parts of the country. The objective of this study was to Isolate and Identify E. coli from Bobozi, analyze their Shiga toxin (stx) gene profile and thereafter determine their verotoxin capabilities. A total of 248 samples of Bobozi were purchased from hawkers in the metropolis of Benin City, Edo state, Nigeria. Isolation and Identification was done using standard microbiological methods. Analysis for the presence of Shiga toxin (stx1 and stx2) genes was done using PCR technique and for their verotoxigenic potentials using tissue culture assay on Vero cells. Result of the investigation reveals that of the total 248 samples collected, 107(43.15%) had E. coli isolated from them. Total number of E. coli isolated from the 107 samples was 386.Shiga toxin gene analysis of the isolates reveal that 169(43.78%) had stx1 gene alone, 112 (29.02%) had stx2 gene alone, 3(0.78%) had both stx 1 and stx 2 genes while 102 (26.42%) had none of the two genes. Tissue culture assay on Vero cells indicate that there is a strong relationship between the presence of stx genes and their degree of cytotoxic effect on vero cells as over 80% isolates without the genes exhibited weak cytotoxic effect whereas over 80% of those with the genes exhibited more than strong cytotoxic effect.
Science Publishing Corporation
2016-06-22 07:20:19
application/pdf
http://www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/IJBR/article/view/6543
International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/6544
2016-11-27T09:30:37Z
IJBR:ART
"160831 2016 eng "
2307-9029
dc
A comparative analysis in the macro and micro nutrient compositions of locally available polished rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Bangladesh
Islam, Md.Jahirul
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology Chittagong (USTC)
Das, Jayasree
Absar, Nurul
Hasanuzzaman, Md.
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important food crop of the developing world and the staple food of more than half the global population. An investigation was carried out to identify chemical and minerals composition of twelve varieties of locally produced polished rice namely, Parija, Minikat, Sawrna, Jeerashile, Nurjahan, Pari Shiddho, Paijam, Basmoti, Govindavogh, Katarivogh, Nagirshail and Chinigura. We analyzed Moisture, Ash, Dry Matter, Crude Fibre(CF), Crude Protein(CP),Water soluble protein, Fat, Total Carbohydrate, Metabolizable Energy (ME),Total sugar, Reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar, and minerals when the rice varieties are in polished form and obtained comparative data on their chemical composition and nutritive values. The results revealed the presence of nutrient constituent among the twelve varieties comprising Moisture(10.21±0.07to13.22±0.08%), Ash(0.30±0.02 to 0.57±0.02%), Dry Matter(86.78±0.08 to 89.78±0.07%), Crude Fibre(0.15±0.02 to 0.63±0.02%), Crude Protein(6.31±0.01 to 8.31±0.01%), Water soluble protein(0.13±0.02 to 0.25±0.02%),Fat(0.09±0.01 to 2.90±0.02%), Total Carbohydrate (76.33±0.13 to 81.87±0.05%), Metabolizable Energy (2834.31 to 3017.27 Kcal/Kg), Total sugar(0.06±0.01 to 0.40±0.01%), Reducing sugar(0.01±0.01 to 0.09±0.02%), Non-reducing sugar(0.05±0.01 to 0.36±0.01%) and minerals such as Sodium (69.07±0.13 to 118.87±0.39 mg%), Potassium(0.38±0.02 to 3.41±0.47mg%), Calcium (1.1±0.1 to 1.85±0.03mg%), Magnesium (0.13±0.04 to 0.61±0.01mg%), Iron (0.0003±0.0005 to 0.0005±0.0002mg%), Phosphorus (0.52±0.03 to 2.33±0.03mg%) respectively.
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Science Publishing Corporation
2016-06-22 07:20:19
application/pdf
http://www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/IJBR/article/view/6544
International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/6561
2016-11-27T09:30:37Z
IJBR:ART
"160906 2016 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Elemental composition of wild colisa lalia in relation to body size and condition factor from Pakistan
Fatima, Summera
Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan
Naeem, Muhammad
Twenty three samples of wild fish Colisa lalia were collected from Nala Daik, a stream in Sialkot. The concentration of Cadmium (Cd), Cobalt (Co), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn) and Nickel (Ni) in the whole fish were determined by Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer to estimate the water contamination and health risk of human consumption in Sialkot region which is a popular industrial area. The detected cobalt in twenty two samples and nickel in eight samples exceeds the permitted limits for fish set by IAEA-407 (Wyse et al. 2003).While the concentration of Cadmium, Iron and Manganese in all samples were below permitted level set by European and other International Organizations. The concentration of Cd, Co, Fe, Mn and Ni was ranging from 0.20-1.71, 0.84-55.38, 82.82-137.63, 1.61-22.73, 2.23-5.98 having mean value as 0.67, 39.31, 139.09, 13.26 and 0.56 (ug/g wet weight) respectively. Regressions analysis was performed for both size and condition factor with metal concentrations. As far as correlation with total length and weight was concerned, a decreasing trend was shown by Cd and Ni while Co, Fe and Mn showed an increasing trend and these correlations were found significant for all these elements. No effect of condition factor was observed in the study on Colisa lalia. Inter-elemental regression showed significant correlations among metals.
Science Publishing Corporation
2016-06-22 07:20:19
application/pdf
http://www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/IJBR/article/view/6561
International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/6590
2016-11-27T09:30:37Z
IJBR:ART
"160915 2016 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Population dynamics of Indian sarus crane, Grus antigone antigone (Linnaeus, 1758) in and around alwara lake of Kaushambi district (Uttar Pradesh), India
Verma, Ashok Kumar
Department of Zoology, Government Post Graduate College Saidabad Allahabad 221508, (U.P.)
Prakash, Shri
Department of Zoology, K.A.P.G. College, Allahabad 211001, (U.P.)
Sarus crane is the only resident breeding crane in India. They prefer open habitat like marsh areas, irrigated paddy fields, grass land and river banks. These areas suit them for foraging, roosting and nesting. These cranes are omnivorous birds, feeding aquatic plants, seeds, roots, tubers, crustaceans, insects, molluscs, fishes, frogs, reptiles and avian eggs. These are not only involved in maintaining the food chain and food web but also providing strength to wetland ecosystem. Ecological and environmental condition of this lake is nicely supporting the survival of vulnerable Indian sarus crane, Grus antigone antigone. In general, the population of sarus crane is decreasing at global level but the authors recorded its increasing trends during their exploration from 2011 to 2014 in and around the Alwara lake of Kaushambi district of Uttar Pradesh (India).
Science Publishing Corporation
2016-06-22 07:20:19
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http://www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/IJBR/article/view/6590
International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 International Journal of Biological Research
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/6618
2016-11-27T09:30:37Z
IJBR:ART
"161017 2016 eng "
2307-9029
dc
Effect of pesticides 2, 4-on hematological parameters of channa punctatus
Kumar, Pravesh
Yug Chetna Mahavidyalaya Sumerpur, Hamirpur (U. P.), (Affiliated by Bundelkhand University, Jhansi)
Kumar Gupta, Yogesh
Pandey, Devendra
Pesticides are chemicals used for pest control in the agricultural fields. Modern agricultural pesticides result in indiscriminate use of various pesticides. Which usually enter into the aquatic environment? They finally reach the surrounding water bodies through surface runoff affecting the aquatic fauna. 2, 4-D is frequently used pesticides due to its effectiveness and rapid breakdown into environmentally safe products. A 96hr static sub-lethal concentration toxicity test was carried out to determine the LC50 value of 2, 4-D on the snake head fish channa punctatus. The fish were exposed to 5 different concentrations of 2, 4-D (40, 45, 50, 55 & 60ppm) for toxicity. Control (0.0ppm) was also carried out. The data were subjected to Finney’s Probit analysis and processed with Trimmed Spearman-Karber statistical software. The LC50 values for 2, 4-D for 24, 48, 72 and 96hr were 4.87, 3.12, 2.69 and 1.92 mgl-1 respectively. At higher concentration of 2, 4-D (3.25 mgl-1 and above) the fish showed uncoordinated behavior such as erratic and jerky swimming, attempt to jump out of water, frequent surfacing and effected the allover of body.
Science Publishing Corporation
2016-06-22 07:20:19
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application/pdf
http://www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/IJBR/article/view/6618
International Journal of Biological Research; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 International Journal of Biological Research
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